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Report of Survey for the Susquehanna and Delaware Rail Road) who prefers the use of wood to stone for supporting the rafts, we take the liberty to state his

reasons:

1st. As matter of economy costing $1500 to 3000 less per mile than the other plans.

3d. Should any unevenness occur in the road-bed in the line of the ways, to which a new road is very sus ceptible, it is much more easily adjusted.

3d. By the time the road-bed is properly settled and business requires a second track, the various plans of construction will be tested and the selection may then be dictated by actual experience, and

4th. Great economy and advantage will be derived from this, in delivering upon the spot the materials for a permanent superstructure.

the West Branch of the river, on its arrival at Northumberland; the inexhaustible beds of Coal and the immense forests of heavy timber, which are to be found in this section of country, are alone sufficient to supply the United States for ages to come; the remarkably short distance to be overcome to complete this chain of extended communication; having materials for its construction upon the whole of its route; the cheapness with which it can be made; the smallness of the capital required, and the unexampled profit which it will yield, are, separately and collectively, evidences that it will be speedily completed. From the actual survey of the ground, the road will not exceed 14 miles in length, at a cost of about $6,500 per mile, amounting to about $92,625. Let us add for contingent expenses and make the total $130,000; the interest of which will be It is almost needless to mention that the route is $7,800. Persons of intelligence and capacity to judge, through a district abounding in timber of the best quali-estimate that 200,000 tons of coal. and 3 millions feet ty and greatest variety-white oak, white and yellow of lumber at least, will pass along this road to New pine; and also, chesnut, hemlock and beach: therefore, York and Philadelphia from the vicinity of Wilkesbarre. the estimate is founded upon a construction entirely of alone, which now remain undisturbed where nature wood, with wrought iron rail plates, three by five-placed them; and the great and increasing trade of the eighths inches thick, and one turn-out per mile. Susquehanna which now goes to Baltimore, will be diverted to New York and Philadelphia. Let us estimate the tolls upon the two articles of coal and lumber from this valley alone, and it will be found to exceed $47,000 $1,030 50-yielding a profit upon the capital invested of from 20 1,450 00 to 55 per cent. Nor will this be all: every succeeding 75 00 year will increase the tolls, and render it the most pro980 00 fitable and durable investment in the world. What is it 270 00 we require? The magic influence of the capitalist alone is wanting to place us in that situation now, which nature designed us to occupy, and to bring into exis tence the thousand treasures of iron, copper and coal which now lie buried, whilst the enterprising monied man amasses a pricely fortune. Let every housekeeper in the cities of New York and Philadelphia, compare the advantages of this route over every other in the reduction of the price of coal, and he will feel himself interested in its completion.

COST OF ONE MILE.

Labor putting down rails, drains, &c.

Timber for the superstructure,

Iron rail plates, &c.

Connecting plates, &c.

'One turnout,

Cost one mile superstructure,

Average one mile graduation,

Average cost of Rail Road per mile,
Cost of 144 miles,

Cost of 4 inclined places, at 4000 each,

$3,805 50
2,647 28

6,452 78

91,952 11
16,000 00

$107,952 11 This estimate is made in view of the use of steam for locomotive and stationary power; but in some instances water power may be used in the place of steam, which would lessen the expense considerably.

The foregoing examination has been made in much haste, with a view of being able to present some of the outlines and great features of the route. On a more careful and minute inspection many important alterations and improvements will no doubt present themselves, which will increase the facilities for overcoming the elevation and lessening the expenses of the undertaking. And in conclusion, I am fully justified in saying, that no serious impediment presents itself to effecting a direct, rapid, and cheap communication between the two proposed points: and when completed, will form one of the most important links in the great system of internal communication in Pennsylvania.

All of which is respectfully submitted by your hum

ble servant,

June 21st, 1833.

HENRY COLT.

TO THE PUBLIC.

Annexed is the report of Henry Colt, Esq. the Engineer selected by the Commissioners to survey the route of a Rail Road from Wilkesbarre upon the Susquehanna, to the mouth of Wright's Creek on the Lehigh, meet at that point the Mauch Chunk Canal. This road is wanting to complete a direct uninterrupted communication from the Lake country to Philadelphia through the Pennsylvania Canal at Easton, and to the city of New York by the Morris Canal or the Delaware and Raritan-lessening the distance 142 miles for the descending trade of the North Branch of the Susquehanna, and 44 miles less than at present for the trade of

50 Cts.

According to the printed pamphlet of the Susquehanna and Delaware Rail Road Commissioners, coal can be delivered at Easton at $2 824 per ton. Taking these estimates as correct as to the cost of coal upon the Rail Road, and all the expenses attending its arrival at Easton, the following will be the result: Cost of coal delivered on Rail Road, Tolls on 14 miles Rail Road, 13 cents per ton Transportation on 14 miles at 1 cent per ton per mile, From Wright's Creek on the Lehigh to Easper mile, ton, 69 miles, at 1 cent per ton per mile, 1 031 Transportation to Easton 69 miles at 1 cent per ton per mile,

21

14

69

$257

Thus upon the arrival of coal at Easton, its cost will be $2 57 only-from whence it will find its way to New York or Philadelphia, as the value of it in those cities may induce its owner to select.

From this short but correct statement of the great benefits to be derived when the contemplated Rail Road shall be completed, it must be apparent to every reflecting mind, that it is the duty as well as the interest of every friend of improvement, to give it his warmest support.

A bed of stone coal has been discovered, on Wilson's creek, Tioga county, about seven miles south of Wellsborough. It has been opened, and quantities of coal have been taken out, which are represented to be of good quality. One stratum is five feet thick. The beds are situated about one mile from the summit level of the ridge dividing the north and west branches of the Susquehanna, the country presenting great facilities for either a canal or rail road,

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MR. CRAIG,-Passing through the church yard of Trinity church, the other day, my attention was arrested by the following inscription on a dilapidated tomb

stone.

"Mio-qua-coo-na caw

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The above communication was received from an esteemed correspondent, on Wednesday last. We have delayed its publication, with the hope of being enabled to furnish a satisfactory reply to the inquiries of our correspondent. We have, however, not succeeded in collecting any information as to the exploits of Red Pole.

In Thatcher's Indian Biography, vol. 2. page 245, he speaks of Blue Jacket, who, it seems, was a brother of Red Pole, as follows

"Blue Jacket was, at this time, (1791) the leading man of the Shawanese-a warrior of high reputation, though, unfortunately, but few particulars of his history have been recorded."

And, at page 253, he says, speaking of General Wayne

"They (the Indians) universally called him the Black Snake, from the superior cunning which they ascribed to him, and even allowed him the credit of being a match for Buckongahelas, Blue Jacket, or the Turtle himself."

From the same author, at page 257, it appears that. the "Little Turtle" warmly opposed giving battle to General Wayne, on the 20th August, 1794, while Blue Jacket was warmly in favor of it.

The following letters, from Major Isaac Craig, give a brief account of the sickness and death of Red Pole, and lead to the conclusion that the inscription on the Tomb Stone was dictated by the Secretary of War. This publication may perhaps induce some person to furnish some particulars of the life of Red Pole.

Pittsburgh, 27th January, 1797. SIR-The river still continues shut up with ice; Cap. tain Turner and the Indians are therefore still here, and I am extremely sorry that I have to inform you, that about ten days ago, Red Pole, the principal chief, complained of a pain in his breast and head, supposed by Doctor Carmichael to have been occasioned by a slight cold, and for which necessary medicines, &c., were applied, but without success, as his complaints have increased, attended with other bad symptoms, and he is now, according to the opinions of Doctors Carmichael, Bedford, and Wallace, dangerously ill, notwithstanding every possible attention has been paid to him and to the other Indians, of which they are all perfectly sensible, and Blue Jacket, in particular, acknowledges with gratitude that the kindest attention possible is paid to his sick Brother.

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Shawanees Indians, being then dangerously ill, and I
have now to inform you that at 9 o'clock, A. M. on the
28th, he breathed his last, to the inexpressible grief of
the other Indians, and indeed of all others that had any
knowledge of him. Blue Jacket and the other Indians
acknowledge that he was treated with the utmost kind-
ness and attention during his illness, and are highly
pleased at the attention and respect paid to his funeral.
I have had his corpse attended and interred in the most
respectable manner in our church burying ground-
and, with your approbation, and to gratify Blue Jacket,
and the other Chiefs, I wish to place either a tombstone
or a head stone to his grave, with any inscription you
may please to point out.

The river is almost clear of ice, and I presume the
Indians will be able to embark on Monday next.
I am, Sir,
Your most obedient servant,

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The several lines of the Pennsylvania canal, are now in navigable order, with the exception of the Delaware division, and a breach on the Juniata, which will interrupt the navigation of that division a few days. Mr. Hendel, the collector at Middletown, in this county, has kindly furnished us with the following statement of tolls taken at that place, since he opened his office on the 1st of May, viz:

Receipts during the month of May,
do.
do.
June,

Do.
Do. from 1st to 9th July,
Do. at outlet locks and bridge at
Middletown up to 9th July,

Mr. Read, the collector at this place re-
ceived in tolls since spring, up to the 9th
of July,

$4807 49 5300 73 648 40

622 74 $11,379 36

9,967 30

Total taken at Harrisburg and Middleton, $21,346 66
Penn. Reporter.

THE HIGHEST STEEPLE IN THE STATE. -For some days past, the workmen have been engaged in rearing the new steeple to the Lutheran Church, in this place, which has nearly reached its destined height. When completed, it will be two hundred feet high, independent of the iron rod which is to support the ball and vane, being, we believe, a few feet higher than any other in this state. The Church was erected 35 years ago, to gether with the brick work of the steeple, and remained thus until within a week past. The site of the present building has been occupied for the same purpose for probably more than a hundred years. We read on one grave stone, which was of rude sculpture, and the inscription German, the date of 1703. The old 30 hour clock, the first of the kind ever in the place, and which used to be in the steeple of the former building, was submitted to the inspection of the curious. We copied from a brass plate the following.

"This Clock is for the Lutheran Congregation in Reading, in the county of Berks, Writt for from England; by Henry Kepple."

And on the small dial, upon which the 60 minutes of the hour only are placed, being 5, 10, 15, &c, is the following:

"Thomas Chilton, Chiswell street, Moorsfield, London."

It is to be regretted that no trace of the year in which this Clock was made is to be found, but it cer tainly is not less than 70 or 80 years old. A singular anecdote is related of it, though we do not vouch for its correctness. When "Writt for from England," as the brass plate sayeth, a "Clock," which in the German

language, signifies a Bell, was intended only; but in those days, as now, it seems an order could easily be misconstrued, and a bell and clock were both sent, as is often the case now a days, when in sending to the city for one article only, you are apt to get half a dozen. So far, the work has progressed without the slightest accident, though hands are difficult to be found, who are willing to be employed at so dizzy an elevation.Reading Chronicle.

CARBONDALE, (Luz. co. Pa.) July 18. ELECTRIC SHOCK.-On Sunday last, our village was visited by a strange phenomenon-we say strange, be cause comparatively few of our citizens ever witnessed so continued a scene of thunder, lightning, hail, and rain. About two o'clock the sky began to darken, the sure presage of an approaching tempest, and shortly afterwards, sure enough, the loud sounding artillery and vivid flashes announced a fearful contest among the boisterous elements, and apprized our citizens of the approach of danger. The hail and rain poured down in torrents the wind rose high, and the deafening thunder increased and echoed from hill to hill-till at length a simultaneous flash and report filled all with apprehension that some of our citizens had fallen victims to its fu

spacious-being 84 feet in front, including wings; main building 40 feet square; wings each 22 feet front and 26 back. The lower story of the main building is handsomely finished and fitted up for a court room; the second story is divided into very comfortable rooms, for the accommodation of juries, &c. On the front is a room extending the whole length of the main building, and about 20 feet wide, divided in the centre by folding doors. The rear of the building is divided into small apartments. The first story of the north wing will be occupied by the Prothontary, and the second story by the Sheriff, as offices. In the south wing, the lower apartment will be occupied as the Register's office, and the room on the second floor has been reserved by the County Commissioners as an office for themselves.

The contractors (Messrs. Gustine & Oles) are entitled to much credit, for the prompt and faithful manner in We are only which they have fulfilled their contract. sorry that they have not been more amply compensated for their labor. Certainly, within our knowledge, no building of the same size, as well finished, has been erected for so small a sum of money.-Mifflintown Free Press.

CUMBERLAND SUFFERERS.

ry. The railway at this moment appeared in a blaze, and The Committee of Superintendence of the Cumberland afterwards continued to sparkle for some time. Blaze succeeded blaze, accompanied by the loudest peels, while the rain continued incessantly, until the conflicting elements, exhausted, became calm and tranquil.

The damages sustained by property were inconsiderable-several persons, however, received severe shocks, and particularly Mr. James Clarkson and his lady were very much injured. The lightning struck the chimney of their residence, and descended in such a manner, as to stun Mr. Clarkson, and render Mrs. C. senseless and speechless for some time. She was considerably burnt, in consequence of which she is still severely indisposed, but hopes are entertained of her speedy recovery.— Northern Pennsylvanian.

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Sufferers, in account with Jos. Trotter, Treasurer.
Dr.

1833,

May 8, To Cash,

7,

do.

9,

do.

10,

do.

14,

do.

30,

do.

June 1,

do.

July 1,

17,

do.

do.

11,

do.

Sundry Expenses,

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450 00

750 00

400 00

700 00

230 00

175 00

170 00

340 00

8.90

21 29

45 95

3641 14

Philadelphia, viz:

534 70

351 75

High street ward,

376 50

Lower Delaware ward,

299 26

South Mulberry ward,

252 87

North Mulberry ward,

73 91

Dock ward,

492 46

Middle ward,

250 00

Upper Delaware ward,

191 96

Cedar ward,

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By contributions of the citizens of
Northern Liberties, viz:

1st ward,

2nd ward,

4th ward,

5th ward,

7th ward,

By contributions of the citizens of Muncy,

I do hereby certify that the above account is correct.
M. CAREY, Chairman,
Committee of Superintendence.
Philadelphia, July 12, 1833.

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front

=the

REGISTER OF PENNSYLVANIA.

DEVOTED TO THE PRESERVATION OF EVERY KIND OF USEFUL INFORMATION RESPECTING THE STATE.

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VOL. XII.-NO. 5.

EDITED BY SAMUEL HAZARD.

PHILADELPHIA, AUGUST 3, 1833.

From the Commercial Herald.
SKETCHES OF PENNSYLVANIA.

No. 5.

NO. 292.

ginia, there exists a continuous range of rock formation, which is the matrix of the gold, and in which that metal may be found in greater or less abundance. In many places, and probably for many miles, it is so covered by the rocks as not to be accessible. Probably, indeed, its natural formation is such, that it will never be discovered, except when some natural ravine, or water course has penetrated the superincumbent mass.

"Non cuivis adisce Corinthum," said the Latin Poet, which being freely translated, means, it is not every man's luck to get to Paradise, even to that "Paradise" in Lancaster county, where we last stopped, and where, at least three-fourths of the people bear the patronimic If it be true that this formation extends six hundred of "Witmer." Having been thus favored above other miles, we may fairly argue that it extends still further, men, we may testify our gratitude by tarrying a day for until we know some reason why it should cease. Knowthe benefit of our host of the Paradise Hotel-Witmering no such reason, we as firmly believe that it crosses by name, and by official station, Post Master of the dis-the Potomac, the Susquehanna, and the Delaware, as trict. that it crosses the Yadkin, the Roanoke, the James The description of Paradise in the second Chapter of River, and the Rappahannock In other words, we Genesis, mentions the river Pison, as compassing the believe there is as much gold in Maryland and Pennsylwhole land of Havilah, with the further remark, that vania, as in Virginia, North and South Carolina, and the "gold of that land is good." A natural association Georgia. The only problem, and a very important one of ideas leads us to inquire at this particular time, and we admit, is, to find it. It may possibly lie too deep place, where is the Havilah, or the Ophir, of Pennsyl-"in the bowels of the land," to be reached, but of that vania; and which is the river with golden sands "that we have no evidence. compasseth it about?”

The question is seriously asked, and will be seriously answered. As it will lead, however, to a description of matters not immediately connected with the localities of our State, we must ask pardon for what may appear, at first, a digression, but whose connexion with the object of those sketches will, in the end, be apparent,

Where then shall we look for gold in Pennsylvania? The question is easier to ask than answer-and yet may be answered on strong grounds of analogy, and probability, though for want of accurate geological investigation, no certainty can be attained.

If a line be drawn on the map of the United States, from New Echota, in the Cherokee country, in GeorIt is about forty-two years since gold was discovered gia, through the districts producing gold in Georgia, to exist in Cabarras county. North Carolina. Doctor South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, and endThornton, late Superintendent of the Patent Office at ing at Spartansburg in Spottsylvania county, 12 miles Washington, at a very early period of the discovery, from Fredericksburg, it will be found to lie very nearpointed out its importance, though he found few per-ly parallel to the course of the Blue Ridge, which we sons willing to adopt his opinions. It was at first ob- described in our last, and to preserve an almost equal tained in small quantities by washing the earth compo-distance from that mountain-say from 25 to 35 miles. sing the beds of streams, or the alluvial soil on their Beyond, or Northwest of the Blue Ridge, no gold has banks. Up to 1821, the whole amount of gold procur ever been found. Now, as that Ridge certainly extends ed in this way, had not been very large, and the gold through Maryland and Pennsylvania, as well as through district was supposed to include a very limited region. the states before named, and is understood to maintain Professor Olmstead, at that time considered it to be in-in its whole course, a distinct geographical and geolocluded within a circle of eighteen miles radius-or, in other words, within the four counties of Cabarras, Montgomery, Mecklenburg, and Anson, in North Carolina. No regular vain of gold ore had then been disco. vered; that produced from the beds of streams being invariably virgin metal.

gical character, the inference is easily drawn that gold must be sought for in Pennsylvania, below that Ridge. Our inquiries, therefore, are limited at once by a line which enters Pennsylvania on the boundary between Adams and Franklin counties, and follows thence the course of the Blue Ridge as described in our last, crossSince 1821, vast additional light has been thrown on ing the Susquehanna near Middletown, the Schuylkill the subject. A regular formation containing gold in just below Reading, and the Delaware just below Eas the form of ore, in combination with other nineral sub-ton. Of the counties east of that line, Philadelphia and stances has been traced, a field of enterprise, and profit has heen opened, whose influence upon the industry and prosperity of the country promises to be very great. Instead of the narrow circle before referred to, the gold formation is now known to exist in eleven counties in North Carolina; to traverse the northern parts of South Carolina, and Georgia, and enter Alaba- Another important landmark enables us to contract ma on the south-a distance of, probably, six hundred the question within narrower limits In an account of miles. Northward and eastward also, the same forma- the North Carolina gold region (the work as we believe tion has been traced into Virginia; and the richest mine of Professor Renwick) we find the following geogra yet discovered is now worked in Spottsylvania county,phical facts: near Fredericksburgh, and within thirty miles of the

Potomac.

Delaware, may certainly, for obvious reasons, be excluded-thus leaving portions of eight counties, namely, Adams and York, west of the Susquehanna, and Lan caster, Chester, Berks, Bucks, Montgomery, and Northampton, east of that river, with reference to which our investigations are to be made.

"In Randolph and Chatham counties, rises a group of mountains to a height estimated to be at least 1500 Those who have examined the locality, seem to feet above the sea. Between this group and the Blue agree, that from Alabama to the Rappahannock in Vir-Ridge extends a wide valley in which the Yadkin and

VOL. XII.

9

Catawba with their tributaries flow The intervening tinent. Its great length is occasioned by the width of space between these ridges, is the North Carolina gold district." We have always believed that these mountains "in Randolph and Chatham counties," are a continuation of the first Ridge which we described as the Mine Ridge, or Welsh Mountain of Pennsylvania, and which we re presented as extending a great distance to the southwest, and consequently that the "wide valley" between it and the Blue Ridge, is but an extension of the same range of country, which we have clearly described as the Lancaster, or Pequea Valley. If these conjectures are right, no difficulty remains in determining the position of the gold range, as it passes through Pennsylva nia. We have in all human probability crossed it in our journey from Cartersville to Paradise.

The discovery of gold, 12 miles above Fredericksburg, in Virginia, tends greatly to strengthen this hypothesis. Another fact of great importance, is, that several years ago, Mr. H. Hayden, of Baltimore, a very skilful geologist, and who by the way, has written a very valuable book on Geology, on his return from examining the mines of North Carolina, predicted that gold would be found in Faquier county, Virginia-the metal has since been found there in small quantities. Reflecting on those general views, and a multitude of particular facts, which our limits do not permit us to advert to, we entertain a belief that the south-eastern section of Adam's county, and the south-western por tion of York, are the districts of Pennsylvania most likely to contain the precious deposit-that the same formation, if it passed through the state must cross the Susquehanna below Columbia, the Schuylkill between Pottsville and Reading, andthe Delaware between Easton and Durham. It is in the more elevated, and hilly portions of the range of country thus indicated, above the limestone formation, that we should expect to find the mineral in question.

There is a marked geological feature by which the rock containing gold may easily be known. It is a quartz like substance, of dullish white, occurring in a region whose general formation is a red friable rock, having, at first glance, the appearance of decayed sand stone, but which on examination, is found to derive its colour from the presence of iron. This quartz occurs in distinct veins, penetrating the red mass, or in detached nodules, having no apparent connexion with it. From the masses of quartz the gold is obtained.

In the remarks which we have thus ventured upon, (a topic of great public interest) we may beentirely in accurate having no knowledge of geology as a science, we have been compelled to rely upon topographical analogy as the basis of our opinions. If we shall succeed in drawing attention to the subject, our end will be accomplished.

We cannot close this number, however, without expressing our regret that no accurate Geological survey of Pennsylvania has ever been made. A project of that kind has engaged the attention of the Legislature. We hope to see a bill passed, at no distant day, authorizing it. For several years our fellow citizen, Peter A. Browne, has zealously urged it before the Legislature, but without success. We trust the reward of his public spirited labours will not be much longer delayed. Such a survey would solve all doubts, and elicit truths of immense practical importance to the prosperity of the Commonwealth.

No 6.

From Paradise, where our last sketch was made, we resume our journey on the Pennsylvania Rail Road, and in about nine miles enter the city of Lancaster. In this distance we cross Mill creek by a viaduct 550 feet long and 40 feet high, and Conestoga creek by a viaduct 1,412 feet long, and 60 feet high. The latter is among the noblest structures in the state perhaps on the Con

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the Conestoga valley, at this point requiring a large proportion of land bridge. It is built upon the Town patent or Lattice plan, differing in this respect from the other bridges upon the road, in which Burr's model has been pursued. The contractor was Amos Campbell, of New Jersey, who constructed the present bridge at the falls of Schuylkill, several on the Germantown Rail Road; and who is engaged to build all the important bridges on the Philadelphia and Trenton Rail Road. The Pennsylvania Rail Road crosses the Conestoga about half a mile above the turnpike bridge, which latter is a substantial stone structure of some four or five arches. It was erected about the year 1789, by Abraham Witmer, a patriarch of the numerous and respectable tribe of that name. By an act of the Legislature, passed in 1787, this intelligent and enterprising German obtained authority to construct the bridge, and to charge a reasonable toll. It continued to be his private property until five or six years ago, when it was purchased by the county of Lancaster, and made free to all comers and goers. The preamble of the law referred to is curious and interesting, on account of the contrast which it exhibits between the resources and enterprise of the Commonwealth at that time, and at the present. A safe crossing of the Conestoga was then essential to the whole communication between Philadelphia and the interior-it was often impassable for many days together-and yet the state of Pennsylvania had not the means to construct a bridge which a single county now would readily undertake.

The public spirited enterprise of a Pennsylvania farmer supplied the deficiency, and entitled him to honor. able mention in every history of internal improvement in this state.

His was the second bridge constructed under State authority, probably the second of any magnitude in the state. The first was built in 1787, under a similar grant from the Legislature over Nashamony creek on the Bristol road, by Charles Bessonett and Gershom Johnson, "proprietors of the stages from Philadelphia to Trention on the New York road." The Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike Company-the first in the state, or country, was not chartered until 1792, five years after the grant to Abraham Witmer.

What a host of reflections spring from the recollection of these simple facts. Only forty five years ago, the two great communications from Philadelphia, one leading to New York, and the other to our interior, were rendered precarious by the want of bridges over such streams as the Conestoga and the Neshamony. In that short period what changes have enterprise and industry, the genuine growth of free institutions, pro duced? More than forty millions of dollars have been expended in the construction of roads, bridges and ca

nals.

The Rail Road, after crossing the Conestoga, passes through the beautiful farm of the late Mr. Coleman, and enters the corporate limits of the city of Lancaster, on its northern edge. The elevation of the ground on which the city is chiefly built, induced the Engineer, (Major Wilson) on the first location, to carry his line around half a mile north of the principal street, along a small valley sloping to the Conestoga. He considered that the city would be as well accommodated by a short branch of inconsiderable expense, and which would not interfere with his choice of ground for the main line. After the routes chosen by him had been graded, the people of Lancaster, induced the Legislature to carry a line nearer the main street, involving a heavy deep cut, and an additional expenditure of one hundred thou sand dollars. It is doubtful whether they will derive advantage from the change. In the deep cutting, which occurs nearly all the distance through the city, no useful communication can be had with the road, and it must prove inconvenient in many other respects. If they are satisfied, however, far be it from us to com. plain.

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