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overnment which is our only fecurity For law and liberty. If you are deirous of knowing the fpirit of our contitution, and the policy which predo. minated in that great period which has ecured it to this hour, pray look for both in our histories, in our records, in our acts of parliament, and journals of parliament, and not in the fermons of the Old Jewry, and the after-dinner coafts of the Revolution Society -In the former you will find other ideas and another language. Such a clain is as ill-fuited to our temper and wishes as it is unfupported by any appearance of authority. The very idea of the fabrication of a new government, is enough to fill us with difguft and horror. We wished at the period of the Revolution, and do now with, to derive all we poffefs as an inheritance from our forefathers. Upon that body and ftock of inheritance we have taken care not to inoculate any cyon alien to the nature of the original plant. All the reformations we have hitherto made, have proceeded upon the principle of reference to antiquity; and I hope, nay I am perfuaded, that all those which poffibly may be made hereafter, will be carefully formed upon analogical precedent, authority, and example.

"Our oldeft reformation is that of Magna Charta, You will fee that fir Edward Coke, that great oracle of our law, and indeed all the great men who follow him, to Blackstone, are induftrious to prove the pedigree of our liberties. They endeavour to prove, that the antient charter, the Magna Charta of king John, was connected with another pofitive charter from Henry I. and that both the one and the other were nothing more than a re-affirmance of the ftill more antient ftanding law of, the kingdom. In the matter of fact,

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"In the famous law of the 3d of Charles I. called the Petition of Right, the parliament fays to the king, 'Your fubjects have inherited this freedom,' claiming their franchises not on abftract principles as the rights of men," but as the rights of Englishmen, and as a patrimony derived from their forefathers. Selden, and the other profoundly learned men who drew this petition of right, were as well acquainted, at leaft, with all the general theories concerning the rights of men,' as any of the difcourfers in our pulpits, or on your tribune; full as well as Dr. Price, or as the abbé Seyes. But, for reasons worthy of that practical wildom which fuperfeded their theoretic fcience, they preferred this pofitive, recorded, bereditary title to all which can be dear to the man and the citizen, to that vague fpeculative right, which exposed their fure inheritance to be fcrambled for and torn to pieces by every wild litigious fpirit.

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"The fame policy pervades all the laws which have fince been made for the prefervation of our liberties. In the ft of William and Mary, in the famous ftatute, called the Declaration of Right, the two houfes utter not a fyllable of a right to frame a government for themfelves.' You will fee, that their whole care was to fecure the religion, laws, and liberties, that had been long poffeffed, and had been lately endangered. Taking * into their moft ferious confideration the best means for making fuch an establishment, that their religion, laws, and liberties, might not be in danger of being again fubverted,' they aufpicate all their proceedings, by ftating as fome of those best means, in the first place' to do as their ancestors

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dicating their antient rights and liberties, to declare ;'-and then they pray the king and queen, that it may be declared and enacted, that all and fingular the rights and liberties afferted and declared are the true antient and indubitable rights and liberties of the people of this kingdom.'

You will oblerve, that from Magna Charta to the Declaration of Right, it has been the uniform policy of our conftitution to claim and flert our liberties, as an entailed inheritance derived to us from our forefathers, and to be tranfinitted to our pofterity; as an eftate fpecially belonging to the people of this kingdom without any reference whatever to any other more general or prior right. By this means our conftitution preferves an unity in fo great a diverfity of its parts. We have an inheritable crown; an inherit able peerage; and an house of commons and a people inheriting privileges, fianchiles, and liberties, from a long line of ancestors.

This policy appears to me to be the refult of profound reflection; or rather the happy effect of following nature, which is wifdom without reflection, and above it. A fpirit of innovation is generally the refult of a felfish temper and confined views. Feople will not look forward to pofterity, who never look backward to their ancestors. Befides, the people of England well know, that the idea of inheritance furnishes a fure principle of confervation, and a fure principle of tranfmiffion; without at all excluding a principle of improvement. It leaves acquifition free; but it secures what it acquires. Whatever advantages are obtained by a ftate proceeding on thefe maximis, are locked faft as in a fort of family fettlement; grasped as in a kind of mortmain for ever. By a conftitutional policy, working after the pattern of nature, we receive, we hold, we tranfmit our government and our privileges, in the fame manner in which we enjoy and tranfmit our property and our lives. The inftitutions of policy, the goods of fortune, the gifts of Providence, are handed down, to us and from us, in the fame courfe and order. Our political fyftem is placed in a juft correfpondence and fymmetry with the

order of the world, and with the mode of existence decreed to a permanent body compofed of tanfitory parts; wherein, by the difpofition of a ftupendous wifdom, moulding together the great mysterious incorporation of the human race, the whole, at one time, is never old, or middle-aged, or young, but in a condition of unchangeable conftancy, moves on through the varied tenour of perpetual decay, fall, renovation, and progreffion. Thus, by preferving the method of nature in the conduct of the ftate, in what we improve we are never wholly new; in what we retain we are never wholly obfolete. By adhering in this manner and on thole principles to our forefathers, we are guided not by the fuperftition of antiquarians, but by the fpirit of philofophic analogy. In this choice of inheritance we have given to our frame of polity the image of a re lation in blood; binding up the conftitution of our country with our dearest domestic ties; adopting our fundamental laws into the bofom of our family affections; keeping infeparable, and cherishing with the warmth of all their combined and mutually reflected charities, our fate, our hearths, our fepulchres, and our altars.

"Through the fame plan of coaformity to nature in our artificial inftitutions, and by calling in the aid of her unerring and powerful inftincts, to fortify the fallible and feeble contrivances of our reason, we have derived several other, and those no fmall benefits, from confidering our liberties in the light of an inheritance. Always afting as if in the prefence of canonized forefathers, the fpirit of freedom, leading in itself to mifrule and excefs, is tempered with an awful gravity. This idea of a liberal defcent infpires us with a fenfe of habitual native dignity, which prevents that upftant infolence almost inevitably adhering to and difgracing those who are the first acquirers of any distinction. By this means our liberty becomes a noble freedom. It carries an impofing and majestic afpect. It has a pedigree and illuftrating ancestors. It has its bearings and its enfigns armorial. It has its gallery of portraits; its monumental infcriptions; its records, evidences, and titles. We procure reve

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rence to our civil inftitutions on the principle upon which nature teaches us to revere individual men; on account of their age; and on account of those from whom they are defcended. All your fophifters cannot produce any thing better adapted to preferve a ra tional and manly freedom than the

course that we have purfued, who have chofen our nature rather than our speculations, our breasts rather than our inventions, for the great confervatories and magazines of our rights and pri❤ vileges."

[To be continued.]

REMARKABLE DOMESTIC EVENTS.

NOVEMBER,

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"My Lords, and Gentlemen,

"It is a great fatisfaction to me to inform you that the differences which had arifen between me and the court of Spain, have happily been brought to an amicable termination.

"I have ordered copies of the declarations exchanged between my ambaffader and the minifter of the Catholic king, and of the convention which has fince been concluded, to be laid before you.

"The objects which I have propofed to myself in the whole of this tranfaction, have been to obtain a fuitable reparation for the act of violence committed at Nootka, and to remove the grounds of fimilar difputes in future; as well as to fecure to my fubjects the exercise of their navigation, commerce, and fisheries, in thofe parts of the world which were the fubject of difcuffion..

"The zeal and public spirit manifefted by all ranks of my fubjects, and the difpofition and conduct of my allies, had left me no room to doubt of the most vigorous and effectual fupport; but no event could have afforded me fo much fatisfaction, as the attainment of the objects which I ha in view, without any actual interruption of the bleflings of peace.

"Since the last feffion of parliament, a foundation has been laid for

1790.

a pacification between Auftria and the Porte, and I am now employing my mediation, in conjunction with my allies, for the purpofe of negotiating a definitive treaty between thofe powers, and of endeavouring to put an end to whofe fituation I am neceffarily con the diffentions in the Netherlands, in

cerned, from confiderations of national intereft, as well as from the engagements of treaties.

"A fepara e pence has taken place between Ruffia and Sweden, but-the war between the former of those powers and the Porte ftill continues. The

principles on which I have hitherto acted, will make me always defirous of emploving the weight and influence of this country, in contributing to the restoration of general tranquillity.

"Gentlemen of the House of Com

mons,

"I have ordered the accounts of the expences of the late armaments, and the estimates for the enfuing year to be laid before you.

"Painful as it is to me at all times to fee any increafe of the public burthens, I am perfuaded you will agree with me in thinking that the extent of our preparations was dictated by a due regard to the existing circumstances, and that you will reflect with pleasure on fo ftriking a proof of the advantages derived from the liberal supplies granted fince the last peace for the naval fervice. I rely on your zeal and public fpirit to make due provifion for defraying the charges incurred by this armament, and for fupporting the feveral branches of the public fervice, on fuch a footing as the general fituation of affairs may appear to require. You will at the

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fame time, I am perfuaded, fhew your determination invariably to perfevere in that system which has fo effectually confirmed and maintained the public credit of the nation.

"My Lords, and Gentlemen,

"You will have obferved with concern the interruption which has taken place in the tranquillity of our India poffeffions, in confequence of the unprovoked attack on an ally of the British nation. The refpectable ftate, however, of the forces under the direction of the government there, and The confidence in the British name, which the fyftem preferibed by parlia ment has established among the native powers in India, afford the most fa. vourable profpect of bringing the conteft to a fpeedy and fuccefsful condufion.

"I think it neceffary particularly To call your attention to the ftate of the province of Quebec, and to recommend it to you to confider of fuch regulations for its government, as the prefent circumftances and condition of the province may appear to require.

"I am fatisfied that I fhall on every eccafion receive the fullest proofs of your zealous and affectionate attachment, which cannot but afford me peculiar fatisfaction, after fo recent an opportunity of collecting the immediate fenfe of my people.

"You may be affured that I defire nothing fo much on my part, as to cultivate an entire harmony and confidence between me and my parliament, for the purpofe of preferving and tranf mitting to pofterity the invaluable blef fings of our free and excellent conftitution, and of concurring with you in every measure which can maintain the advantages of our prefent fituation, and promote and augment the profperity and happinefs of my faithful fubjects,"

ANATOMY,

In the month of March laft, when Dr. Harwood, profeffor of anatomy at Cambridge, was giving his lectures on comparative anatomy, and comparing the human blood with that of other animals, he took occafion to obferve the very finall difference which appeared in the conftiutent parts of the blood of

animals of different genera and species, and that whether they were fed upon animal or vegetable food; and hence he concluded that one animal might live with the blood of another of a different kind, provided the blood could, without danger, be introduced into his fyftem. This obfervation led him to the hiftory of feveral complete experiments in transfusion, which were made about the middle of last century, by Dr. Lower, of Oxford, and others, which were fuddenly put a stop to by the fuperftitious prejudices of the mul lecture with a relation of the improvetitude. The profeffor concluded the ments which he himself had made in transfufion, and a number of curious experiments which he had performed animals, the most oppofite to each other with fuccefs upon a great variety of with respect to food and manner of life that could be procured. From all which he inferred, that in cafes where death mult otherwise be the inevitable conlequence of a fudden effufion of blood; that in fuch cafes transfusion ought at least to be attempted on the human fubject, when the blood of a calf, a fheep, a deer, or any of the more perfect animals, might serve to replenish diffolution which muft otherwife have the exhaufted fyftem, and prevent that been the confequence of the hæmorrhage. In order to enforce the proba baility of this doctrine, a sheep and a pointer dog were brought into the les ture-room, and after the blood of the

dog was fo far evacuated as to leave him without motion, except fome con vulfive twitches which were evident by fuch as immediately precede death, at this inftant the tube, which had already been prepared and inferted into the jugular of the sheep, was introduced with the blood flowing through into the jugular vein of the dog, pointing towards the heart. In a very few fèconds the dog gave unequivocal fymptoms of recovery, and the sheep was fuffered to perform this new circulation for the space of a few minutes, till the fheep was evidently faint for the lofs of blood. The operation was now. concluded, and the vein in the dog's neck fecured. Immediately afterwards he followed a fervant home, eat heartily the fame day, and has continued in the

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poffeffion of Dr. Harwood without change either in manners or conftitution to the prefent time.

The objection ftarted by many anatomifts to this experiment, on account of the difficulty of excluding the atmofpheric air, which, if admitted, might prove fatal, is entirely obviated by fuffering the blood to flow in a full fiream through the tube from the bleeding animal, before it is inferted into the vein of the recipient animal.

LORD MAYOR.

The 9th, the right hon. J. Boydell, lord mayor, went from Guildhall in proceffion, accompanied by the late lord mayor, the aldermen, theriffs, recorder, &c. &c. to the Three Cranes; from thence they proceeded by water in the city barges to Westminster Hall, where his lordship was fworn in, in the ufual manner. The proceffion then returned to Guildhall, where an elegant dinner and ball was given to a very numerous company, confifting of the minifters of ftare, law lords, foreign ambassadors, principal citizens, &c. &c.

MONSTER.

The roth, at Serjeants Inn Hall, eleven of the judges confulted upon the cafe referved at the Old Bailey in September feffions last, respecting the indictment against Renwick Williams, the fuppofed monster.-The questions were, ift, Whether his having an intention to cut the perfon of Mifs Porter, and in carrying that intention into execution, cutting the garments of that lady, is an offence within the statute of 6 Geo. I. c. 23. f. 11. on which he was convicted: the jury, having in their verdict found that in cutting her perfon he had thereby an intention to cut her garments? Secondly, Whether the ftatute being in the conjunctive, "That if any perfon fhall affault another with an intent to cut the garment of fuch perfon, then the offender fhall be guilty of felony," and the indictment in ftating the intention not having connected it with the act, by inferting the words that he then and there," did cut her garment, could be fupported in point of form? And nine of the eleven judges were of opinion that the offence, not

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withstanding the finding of the jury, was not within the ftatute, and that the indictment was bad in point of form. This determination declares the offence to be only a misdemeanor, for which, in all probability, Williams will be indicted at the next feffion at Hicks's Hall.

SINGULAR ROBBERY.

The town of Colchester is in an uproar in confequence of a felonious dif covery of a very fingular nature. Two ladies, of great beauty, and no young inconfiderable fortune, have within thefe few days been apprehended, and committed to the castle, on a charge of robbing Mr. Humphries, the haber. dafhe, of fundry articles. Having miffed numberlefs pieces of ribbon, lace, &c. in the courfe of three months, which in vain he endeavoured to account for, it ftruck him, that his property must have been artfully purloined by the above-mentioned fair vifitants, with whom he was in habits of friendly inti macy: one evening they were watched, and detected; on going out of the shop, he requested them to return into the parlour, where they were fecured, a conftable fent for, and various pieces of ribbond, blond, &c. &c. found upon them. On fearching their refidence, different articles to a confiderable amount were found, the property of Mr. Hum phries; in confequence of which, the young ladies were committed for trial. They are both genteel, handsome women, of refpectable connexions; and the youngest is allowed, even by her own fex, to be exquisitely beautiful.

SUICIDE.

The 10th, an inquifition was taken at the Wheatsheaf in Holywell-ftreet, in the Strand, on view of the body of a perfon who in a fit of infanity cut him throat by fevering his head almost from his body on the preceding Monday. I appeared on oath, that he had been to church on the Sunday before threa times; that he had been out on the fame day he did the act; that he came home to his lodgings about one o'clock; that he enquired for his wife, who was out; went up stairs, locked himself in, and perpetrated the deed with a cafeknife, which was found very bloody by

him:

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