shores of Lake Michigan, is credited by Pilling with being the first to publish a text in any of the Siouan languages."

The Rev. Modeste Demers became a missionary among the Indians on the Columbia river in 1838. He mastered the Chinook Jargon and prepared a book containing a dictionary, catechism, prayers and hymns in that language. The Most Rev. F. N. Blanchet revised it in 1867, and later Rev. L. N. St. Onge made modifications and additions. It was published in 1871 at Montreal, in a 16mo book of 68 pages. In 1847 Father Demers was made Bishop of Vancouver Island.

The Rt. Rev. Paul Durieu, a zealous worker among the Indians, translated a book of Morning Prayers into Skwamish, which was transcribed into shorthand by Rev. J. M. R. Le Jeune. Bishop Durieu has also translated Morning Prayers into Stalo. Both of these books were published in 1891 at Kamloops, British Columbia, in 16mos. Father Le Jeune is the author of a number of books of a devotional character. Finding that the Indians had great difficulty in learning English letters he resorted to short hand and has been pre-eminently successful in educating them in this way. He prepared a book of Night Prayers, and another of Morning Prayers, in Shushwap, that were printed at Kam

loops, B. C., in 1892. In each case the text is in the Shushwap language, stenographic characters, with English and Latin headings. He also prepared a Book of Prayers in the language of the Indians of Thompson river, issued in 1891 and 1892 at Kamloops. From the same press in 1891 was printed a volume of prayers in Shushwap by Father Gendre, and rendered into short hand by Father Le Jeune. It is in 32mo.

An energetic missionary in British Columbia, the Rev. Adrien G. Morice, has invented certain syllabic characters that have greatly facilitated Indian instruction. He compiled a book containing the Catechism and Prayers that was published at Stuart's Lake in 1891. It is a 16mo of 143 pages in the Déné language, a dialect of the Athapascan. The opposite pages are in French.

Other editions than those noted here have appeared from time to time in various Indian dialects, but they are of late date and are reproductions or variants for the most part of earlier publications, and are of more interest to the philologist than to the bibliophile.

A

MANUAL

OF

CATHOLIC PRAYER S.

In the Multitude of thy Mercy, I will come into thy Houfe; I will worship towards thy holy Temple in thy Fear. PSALM V. 8.

PHILADELPHIA.

PRINTED for the SUBSCRIBERS.

By ROBERT BELL. Bookfeller, in Third-free

MDCC LXXIV

Fac-simile of the title page of "A Manual of Catholic Prayers," published by Robert Bell, of Philadelphia, in 1774.

Exact size.

EARLY PRAYER BOOKS OF THE ROMAN
CATHOLIC CHURCH, PUBLISHED IN
THE UNITED STATES AND

CANADA.

IT is generally conceded by bibliophiles that the first Prayer Book of the Roman Catholic Church published in the United States was the 18mo volume issued by Joseph Cruikshank in Philadelphia either in 1770 or 1774. The date cannot be exactly stated, as the title page does not give the information. The book is entitled "The Garden of the Soul," and is further described as a “Manual of Spiritual Exercises and instructions for Christians, who, living in the world, aspire to devotion." It is a reprint of the Seventh London edition. There is a wood cut of the crucifixion facing the title page. The contents consist of Bible texts, Benedicite, six Psalms, Benedictus, Vespers in Latin and English, Compline in English, and the seven Penitential Psalms.

A copy of this early publication is preserved in the library of the St. Louis University, St. Louis, Mo.