This prefecture, for instance, covers an | the oppressions of the government, espec-
area of about twenty thousand square ially the underlings and lower grades of
miles, divided into fourteen districts, officials, who have less to lose than their
each of them under the control of a dis- superiors in rank and pay, practice more
trict magistrate and his assistant, with cruelty upon those who fall into their
other subordinates, all holding their au- hands, and extort from the rich to the
thority with reference to the Governor. utmost. The grudges felt against the
The villages, whether mere hamlets or authorities and their lictors for these
towns, containing five, ten, or even a acts, joined to the desire for change
hundred thousand inhabitants, are all among many restless spirits, only waited
ruled by the people themselves, acting for a good opportunity to break out.
through their headmen, in co-operation The leaders of the rising were all of
with the district and township authori- them members of the Triad Society;
ties. We have no list of the villages in and every one who joined their standard,
a district or township; but, we think we was made to swear opposition to the
are within the truth when we estimate Manchu sway; but we mistake, if we
the number in the two districts of Nan- infer from this that a patriotic dislike of
hái and Pwányú, in which Canton itself the Manchus stimulated these leaders or
is situated, at two thousand. One of their adherents to rise in arms. There
them, Fuhshán, is the great manufactur- are not, probably, twenty-five thousand
ing place for foreign markets, and has
suffered much during the last year, while
it was held by one of the insurgent
chiefs, who set it on fire when compelled
to evacuate it.

Manchus in the province; and during the last year, it is not likely that a hundred of this number personally came into action; for this force of about fiftyfive hundred men is exclusively confined to the city of Canton. The troops and volunteers are all Chinese.

There are several other important towns in the prefecture, containing from one hundred thousand to three hundred The example of Tai-ping-wáng, and thousand people; but the Chinese prefer the inability of the government thus far to dwell in smaller villages, containing to dispossess him of Nanking, encourfrom five thousand to twenty-five thou-aged the disaffected to arrange their sand inhabitants; for they can have a plans; and an emeute at the town of better government than when crowded Tungkwán, east of Canton, which the into large cities. In a former letter, the troops were unable to repress, served as entire population of the prefecture was a signal for a general rising. Hopes of reckoned at two and a half millions; but redress, desire for plunder, love of change, later investigations incline us to double and schemes for revenging personal feuds, it, even if that is enough. all actuated these seditious men far Truly, this land is full of people; and more than the need they felt of reforming it is also full of idols and wickedness. and remodeling the government. They The faint knowledge which we have of proclaimed their wrongs, and held out the abominations here committed, has hopes of a sort of improvement; but given us a higher idea of the infinite their lawlessness proved their real molong-suffering and patience of God to- tives. Within two months, the whole wards them, than we could ever have prefecture was in commotion, commerce obtained in a land like our own. The of every kind interrupted, and many dreadful exhibitions of cruelty and mal-large towns and cities seized, and Canton ice, seen during the past year, have beleaguered. There was no consentaproved more conclusively than ever, if neous action among the leaders, nor any that were needed, how utterly impotent are the teachings of Confucius, the chantings of Budhists, or the mystical mummeries of Rationalists, to restrain the passions and purify the hearts of this people.

The Insurrection.

In reference to the revolutionary movements in the region of Canton, the mission express the following opinions:

The insurrection was caused primarily by, and derived its chief prestige from,

acknowledged head over them; no regard for private rights and property, nor discipline in their ranks. The authorities beyond the capital succumbed to the storm; many of them were killed; and anarchy followed their defeat. The insurgents levied on all the rich inhabitants as soon as they took a place, and made a show of leniency; but soon their demands exhausted the supply; and then everything was taken, and the place burned, if it was not too large. The conduct of the imperialists was nearly as bad towards such villages as they re

took; and rapine, violence, licentiousness,, whose importance and position were
slaughter and destruction had full swing. previously little known, and their inhab-
Many villages informed the authorities itants received the strangers kindly.
that they had combined their volunteers, The visits of missionaries have been
and placed guards to keep their limits; pleasant in most places; and their books
and these guards were ordered to kill were taken; and we hope that this spe-
every man, from either camp, who entered cies of labor may be continued, until it
without permission. Every prisoner was assumes the importance which it justly
put to death by both parties; every possesses.
village suspected of harboring the enemy
was sacked; and no boats were allowed
to pass by the insurgents.

fending their city, the Cantonese feel that Besides the assistance rendered in deIt were needless to detail the horrors plying them with food during the past they owe as much to foreigners in supof such a civil strife, and the sufferings few months. Last year the insurgents it has involved, until the present time, seized all the breadstuffs which they when Shanking-fú, the last stronghold of could find; and they have prevented the insurgents has been taken, and their labor in the fields near them this spring; union destroyed. Our object is to show so that there was danger of a dearth. that no expectations of permanent good Rice rose from two and a quarter cents to China could be founded on such ele- a pound to six and seven cents; and ments. The provincial authorities have thousands of the poor have died of starv depended entirely on their own resources ation within twenty miles of the city. to suppress the insurrection; and nearly Native merchants could not introduce a every one is a Chinese. All their efficient single cargo, and confessed that their troops have been volunteers, raised and sole reliance was on foreign shipping, paid by the villagers and townsfolk, who which did actually import over fifty-five felt that the pest of such banditti must millions of pounds in less than three be removed at any sacrifice. months, and proved to the Chinese that they cannot do without help in such an another, the love of money against naemergency. Thus one thing works with tional pride, the fear of famine and riot against the conceit of ignorance, to break up the fallow ground, and smooth the way for the gospel.

On Tai ping-wang, and the kingdom which he has set up at Nanking, the mission look with distrust. However correct his own intentions may be, the people are not prepared for a government that is much in advance of what they

now have.

Change in respect to Foreigners. The extracts which follow, have an important bearing on the missionary work in China.

The mission are quite confident that the obsta removed faster than the church of Christ is precles to the preaching of the Word in China will be

During the past year, the Chinese in less justified in giving utterance to such an opinpared to occupy the ground; and they are doubtthese parts have been brought into in-ion. In this case, as in others, God will keep far creased contact with foreigners. The in advance of his people.

imminent danger in which Canton was

for a few weeks, led the Governor-general to apply for aid in defending it from the insurgents; but the application failed by reason of his unwillingness to allow

Shanghai.

SHAN.

foreign officials to be within the city MR. AITCHISON'S VISIT TO TIEN-MUHwalls. It is well that it did fail; for the commencement of foreign intervention in the affairs of China, by force, will endanger the stability of any government excursion, in company with a missionary brother, On the 15th of May, Mr. Aitchison made an which its people may adopt. They readily to Tien-muh-shan, or Heaven's-eye Mountain, admit, however, that the measures taken which lies about two hundred miles south-west by foreigners to defend themselves in from Shanghai. A large number of books were their factories, mainly contributed to distributed during their twenty days' tour, many preserve the city from capture. insurgents invited foreigners to come to and there is abundant evidence that this mode of The of which were eagerly and thankfully received; their quarters near Whampoa; and for-reaching the Chinese mind is often effective. But eign vessels have gone to many places little was done in the way of direct preaching, which they held, as native boats were however, for want of a ready command of the pillaged. Many towns were visited, anguage.

The Outward Journey.

On the 21st of May, Mr. Aitchison arrived at Me-k'i, where he and Mr. Points left their boat, and proceeded on foot toward their destination Under date of May 23, the following testimony is borne to the beauty of the scenery through which they passed: "The country has been charming, hills, valleys, groves and streams being found in pleasing variety. The sides of the mountains are sometimes terraced very neatly, each ascending step a cultivated field. Some of the trees were very large The mountains have a naked appearance, though many of them were covered with the universal bamboo. The streams

of which were received with thanks. On leaving, many accompanied us to the outer gate, seeming loth to have us depart."

At mid-day, on the 23th of May, our tourists reached Tsung-tsong, where they secured a passage to Me-ki on a bamboo raft. "The river was full of rapids," Mr. Aitchison says, "down which we glided with amazing velocity, but with perfect safety." The morning of may 30, brought them to Mé-k'i, where they embarked for Shanghai in their boat, grateful for the care of their heavenly Father during their journey. They reached their respective homes on the 4th of June.

The benefit accruing from these excursions is set forth in the following extract: "Such expeditions, I am fully persuaded, have a bearing on the future triumph of the gospel in China. Contact with missionaries disabuses the native mind of many prejudices. A foreigner, by simply exhib

were all rapid and clear, flowing over a pebbly
or rocky bed.
On their banks were numerous
small paper manufactories The principal ma-
chinery consists of an over-shot water-wheel,
with a huge trip-hammer, which pulverizes the
material (chiefly bamboo) of which the paper isiting himself in the interior, is clearing the way

made."

for a successor who will be able to proclaim the tidings of a Savior's love. The ability to preach in remote parts is almost useless at present, so great is the hue and cry excited by the novel spectacle of a genuine 'barbarian.''

Recent Entelligence.

MADURA.-Mr. Rendall writes as follows, un

Next day the scenery became "grand in the highest degree," and for much of the time the way of our travelers was "up and down stairs, so steep were the ascents and descents." They were often in the clouds; and occasionally they found themselves above. One minute they had sunshine; and the next they were in a storm. From mid-day till six o'clock, when they halted for the night, they saw no person whatever, except a party of three who were clearing a hill-der date of July 18: "On the second Sabbath of this month, I administered the Lord's supper at a village six and a half miles west of Madura, and had the pleasure of receiving two adults into the church. On the same Sabbath, Mr. Taylor admitted seventeen adults to the church from several of the village congregations. He had received twenty-five on the previous Sabbath, in another part of his field. I have heard of accessions at other stations; but I cannot tell the number."

side. "At last," Mr. Aitchison says, "I have
found solitude in China!"

An hour's walk, on the 25th of May, brought
our friends to the top of Heaven's-eye Mountain,
which is nearly a mile above the level of the

sea.

"The view," he says, "surpassed all that we had previously seen. As far as our vision extended, in all directions, there were mountains. The intervening valleys were cultivated, many of them ornamented by a streamlet, which glittered in the rays of the morning sun, like a thread of silver."

MARASH. From a letter of Mr. Beebe, dated June 25, the following extract is taken.

We appear to be in general esteem with the principal Turks of the place, who treat us with marked kindness and respect. A few days since we received a nice lamb from one as a present; and two of them last week very kindly sent us their noble chargers, that we might ride out of the city to meet the "English Pasha," as the people of the country call him. His presence, just at this time, has doubtless done much to give us a position in the minds of this people. We are identified with the English, and the present relations between this country and England give us a large place in the minds of the more influential. Mr. Barker, the and mules, and enlisting men for the army, English agent now here purchasing horses has treated us with great kindness, and, in case of need, would doubtless exert his whole influence in our behalf.

CHEROKEES. From the annual report of the mission, dated September 14, the following paragraphs are taken.

DONATIONS,

RECEIVED IN SEPTEMBER.

MAINE.

Cumberland co. Aux. So. D. Evans, Tr.

Gorham, m. c.

43 00 143 50-186 50

As a whole we regard the aspect of the
field as somewhat brighter than when our
last report was made; although we have
nowhere witnessed great displays of the
power of grace, and although our hemi-
sphere is still in a measure overcast with
clouds. The whole number received to
our churches on profession within the year,
so far as we know, has been nine; namely,
four at Park Hill, two at Lee's Creek, two
at Dwight, and one at Fairfield. From
Honey Creek we have no recent report. At
Park Hill, five stand propounded for admis- Waterford, W. W. Greene,
sion; and several at Lee's Creek desire the
fellowship of the church, who have not yet
been examined. Three of those received
at Park Hill, and one received at Dwight,
as well as four of those now waiting for
admission at Park Hill, were members of
the female seminary; some of the pupils
in which have recently united with the
Methodist church.

Kennebec co. Conf. of chs. B. Nason, Tr.
Portland, 2d cong. ch.
Hallowell, Mr. Skeele's so.
Lincoln co. Aux. So. Rev. J. W. Ellingwood, Tr.
Auburn, Cong. ch. and so. 55; juv. miss.
York co. conf. of chs. Rev. G. W. Cressey, Tr.
so. 10;
Biddeford, 2d cong. ch. and so.

At Dwight, Mr. Willey states that the congregation has considerably increased, as also the interest manifested in spiritual things, and that a weekly female prayer meeting is sustained with much interest. Mr. Ranney informs us that there is more desire manifested for the hearing of the Word, not only at his station, but extensively, around him, than he has ever witnessed before. At Fairfield, the aspect is still gloomy; yet we cannot despair of seeing the church flourishing anew, even there.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Grafton co. Aux. So. W. W. Russell, Tr.
Hillsboro' co. Aux. So. J. A. Wheat, Tr.
Bristol, m. c. 5; Mrs. L. P. M. 5;
Manchester, 1st cong. ch. to cons. NAHUM
BALDWIN an H. M. 155,75; Franklin
st. ch. A. W. Sanborn, wh. and prev.
dona. cons. Mrs. ELIZABETH H. SAN-
BORN an H. M. 50;

14 48

Merrimack co. Aux. So. G. Hutchins, Tr.
Chichester, Cong. ch. and so.
Dunbarton, do.

Pittsfield, A mem. of cong. ch.

VERMONT.

Franklin co. Aux. So. C. F. Safford, Tr.
Georgia, m. c. 7,07; a friend, 2,50;
Windham co. Aux. so. F. Tyler, Tr.
Brattleboro', Cong. ch. and so.

m. c.

Fayetteville, Cong. ch. and so.
Grafton, do. 59,57; m. c. 15;
So. Wardsboro', Cong. ch. and so.
West Halifax,
do.

Alburgh, s. s.

Peter Starr, (prev. rec'd 457 ;)

MASSACHUSETTS.

30.00

48 00

65.00

100 00

399 50

15.00

414 50

10.00

205 75

25 00-69 48

36 61

10.00

74 57

20 00

285 23

9 57

11 00-152 18

The cause of temperance, we believe, is not retrograde; though it is not so flourishing as we would gladly see it. Throughout the nation much less of intemperance and of its consequent evils has been apparent, than in former years; but we cannot tell how much to impute to the prevalence of Legacies.-Middlebury, Ethan Andrus, by the principles of temperance, and how much to the difficulty of obtaining the means of intoxication, which has been comparatively great. This has been one good effect of the recent scarcity of provisions, and of the long continued interruption of river navigation. The better execution of the antiliquor law has also done much to suppress the evil. Another good effect of the scarcity of food has been the stirring up of the people to industry. Very much more of agricultural labor has been performed during the year past, than we have witnessed in any former year.

Home Proceedings.

EMBARKATION OF MISSIONARIES. On the 13th of October, Rev. Ezekiel C. Scudder, of India, and Mrs. Sarah T. Scudder, of Hudson, Ohio, Rev. Jared W. Scudder, of India, and Mrs. Julia C. Scudder, of New Brunswick, New Jersey, with Miss Louisa Scudder, of India, sailed for Madras in the Sabine, Capt. Hendee, in the expectation of joining the Arcot mission.

10 00

Barnstable co. Aux. So. W. Crocker, Tr.
Monument, Cong. ch.
North Falmouth, m. c.

161 75 8.00

169 75

281.86

451 61

12.00-22.00

16 40

Berkshire co. Aux. So. H. G. Davis, Tr.
Pittsfield, Young ladies' Ins.
Stockbridge, Cong, church and so.
85; m. c. 50; wh. cons. EDWARD
Boston, S. A. Danforth, Agent,
BRADLEY an H. M.
Essex co. North, Aux. So. J. Caldwell, Tr.
Amesbury and Salisbury, Mills Vil-
lage, cong. so.

Ipswich, Mr. Fitz's so.

Newbury, Mr. Tenney's so.

Newburyport, Mr. Fiske's so. m. c.
22; Miss C.'s sch. for Chinese
Tes. 38c.; for Mrs. Bridgman's
sch. 79c.

5 00-75 60