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tion. If my heart does not vibrate to the revealed account of these things, it seems I know as yet nothing either of the essence or of the beauty of holiness. And further; if this instructor be right, there is in the mode of attain. ing holiness a certain order, a certain connection, to be observed, which I never before suspected: and thus have I almost every thing to begin afresh, Farewell the follies and vanities of life! When I have settled the important points respecting holiness, it will be time enough to consider whether in the

practice of it I shall have leisure for indulgence in such worldly things.”

“If, through the grace of Almighty God, such resolutions as these are forming in the minds of this numerous and attentive audience, it ought to be my most fervent prayer that, by the same gracious and powerful help, they may speedily be carried into good effect, and prove abundantly productive of that 'holiness, without which no man shall see the Lord.' For indeed, my brethren, this is no trifling matter. We never part from each other for a year or two, but, with several of us, the grave has for ever decided all disputes and controversies, and all our hopes and all our fears. The youngest have not long to live, the middle aged are hastening to become old, and the coffins are preparing for the aged. How gladly

would I excite in all ranks and orders a

Before we notice the next discourse, the fifth, from Eccles. viii. 11, and which was delivered in the cathedral at Carlisle, during the assizes in 1813, we must entreat any of our readers who may, for the first time, take up these volumes, in consequence of the observations we have offered and the extracts we have made, to peruse a few of the subsequent discourses, the sixth and seventh for example, before they enter on the fifth; for the arrangement of these sermons is so bad, that, as they now stand, the reader passes from the high and elevated discussion of one of the most interesting topics of spiritual religion, to an abstract question on the moral government of God, and to advice addressed to jurors, witnesses, and counsel, as to their conduct in a court of judicature.

The sixth sermon should by all means have followed the first. The two public discourses would then have stood together. The able disquisition on the Sabbath would have naturally come next, and then the more direct and practical sermons would have succeeded. As it is, the sympathy excited by the fourth sermon is chilled by the totally different tenor of the fifth, which thus loses its fair in fluence from the manner in which it is introduced: for the fifth dis course is, in itself, well adapted for the occasion on which it was delivered. It is evidently written with more care than usual, and treats of important and appropriate

greater attention to the one thing needfal! My sole object is the salvation of your immortal souls; and every sentence I utter, if I judge right, tends directly to that purpose; and, agreeably to this, I also endeavour to suppress and stifle every thought and word which might, by perversion or mistake, or in any possible way, produce a contrary effect. Fully conscious of these intentions, and fully convinced that the good works which I have been enfore- topics. It begins by stating strongly

ing are of the purest and most holy kind, and that they can arise in no other order or connection but that which I have now described, I commit, with humble hope, all that has been said to the blessing of Almighty God, who must give the increase even when Paul plants and Apollos waters." pp. 142

-149.

* It seems to us highly probable that this discourse closed some more remarkable series of sermons, or was the last

a difficulty with respect to the different procedures of Divine and human judicature. In the Divine administration "sentence against an evil work is not executed speedily." In temperance, ambition, envy, treachery, meet indeed, at length, their punishment; yet this by no means

during an annual visit at Carlisle. We are weary of lamenting the inattention with which these volumes have been edited.

happens immediately; and, in a multitude of cases, not at all in this world. Human tribunals, on the contrary, when they ascertain a crime, inflict the awarded sentence at once. This deviation from the pattern of the Divine proceedings is more observable because we are bid to imitate our heavenly Father, and because we often have it apparently in our power to suspend the rod of vengeance, and thus to be "merciful as He is. merciful." The answer to this dif ficulty, the Dean states, is to be sought in the infinite difference between the attributes of Supreme Wisdom and human frailty. No criminal can escape the Divine power, or interrupt the Divine determinations. The punishment which the Almighty purposes to inflict is inevitable. He may, therefore, with the greatest safety suspend the execution of his threatenings. But an imperfect weak being like man must not trifle with justice when he has once fairly detected the violator of the laws. He has not faculties to foresee the effect of remitting punishment, nor power to guard against its abuse. He must indulge no capricious conjectures concerning any imaginary good to be obtained by deviations from the rules of justice; but have a steady eye on the prevention and suppression of crimes. This important question is argued by the Dean with much perspicuity, and the solution of the difficulty is satisfactory. In the second part of the discourse, appropriate advice is offered to the different classes of persons assembled in our courts of justice. The judges are, in the first place, delicately reminded of their chief duty. The reserve of the writer on this head is indicative of the excellent sense which prevails throughout the discourse. The jurors are next addressed, briefly, and yet pointedly. The admonitions to the witnesses are more in detail. The topic of perjury is strongly urged, both in the palpable cases of false

swearing, and in the more subtle cases of evasion and suppression of the truth: to remedy this evil, the fear of God, who will certainly accomplish his threatenings, is proposed. The counsel are next admonished with evident, respect and. good-will, but with much penetration and force. We wish such suggestions as the following could be addressed to every barrister in

our courts.

"It is, however, in the treatment of witnesses, and in addresses to jurors, that I imagine there may be considerable room for suspecting that dangerous liberties are sometimes taken by counsel in the zeal both of defence and

accusation. Far be it from me to pretend to ascertain the just limits which ought never to be exceeded, either in one case or the other. Yet may 1 still, without the imputation of temerity, be allowed to assert that these limits have

sometimes been actually exceeded. The advocate stands in the place of his clients; and therefore, in addressing the jurors, who are to pronounce upon the causes of his clients, he will no doubt be justified in using all the earnestness which the clients themselves would use but it will not follow from this concession, that still there may not often be introduced, in favour of clients, much indefensible management, which the long experience of advocates may have taught them to be efficacious in misleading a jury and witnesses, or in drawing their attention from the main point. This is the species of procedure which I would deprecate, as admitting of no excuse or palliation-except, perhaps, that the advocates on the opposite side will probably do the same; and that, therefore, if you do not what is called your best, you may be said to desert or abandon the interests of the clients, which you are bound to support. And here would I humbly hope that the proper auswer may be, that both sides should be exhorted never more to have recourse to such expe

dients, either in defence or accusation. The practice does no honour to men of integrity and education. In purer times it would scarcely be borne, and all times the example is pernicious beyond calculatiou.

"In the treatment of witnesses, I fear, the practice of advocates has some.

times been liable to considerable exception. For thongh here again I am poorly qualified to judge of that degree of liberty which may be justified, or even found necessary for the purpose of extorting the truth from a sullen, interested, or unprincipled witness; yet I must not hesitate to complain, should it ever appear that an honest, ingenuous, and conscientious witness, for the purpose of stifling evidence, is designedly puzzled, confounded, stupified, and thus prevented from clearly furnishing the court with those truths which the counsel who examines him judges to be injurious to the cause of his client.

"I know not whether I may be allowed to suppose, that in many cases it has ever really happened that an advocate of wisdom and reputation has, after a trial, been heard to express a complacent satisfaction on having obtained verdicts, by his address and manage ment, against the clearest evidence.

Such a species of triumph, I trust, can not take place often: the practice it self would be unwise, as the principle is indefensible in the highest degree, The reputation in this way gained for skill in advocating causes, is at the expense of the love of integrity, and with the certain danger of bad example. Nor will any thing more contribute to render witnesses insiucere, than the conviction that the man who interrogates them does it with the express design of confounding and puzzling their ideas; and rather with a view to serve a particular cause, thanto elicit the truth. The witness is thus put on his guard, and strives to counteract the intentions of the advocate by concealment and prevarication;

and thus, in the struggle for victory between the witness and the advocate, the truth may easily be forgotten or stifled. Nor, in my judgment, can any thing be more injurious to the cause of justice and morality, than that language of triumph above alluded to, when used either by counsel or witnesses, on occasion of a victory thus iniquitously gained."-pp. 180-183.

The last division of the sermon contains a survey of those great peculiarities of the Christian doctrine which can alone produce in the mind the salutary principle of the fear of God, on which solemn oaths, and all the apparatus of human jurisprudence depend. This part does not appear to us at all equal to the two preceding. But the sermon, on the whole, is very able. Indeed, we know of no assize sermon like it. The grave discussion of the first head, and the appropriate addresses of the second, constitute good specimens of the powers of the Dean when directed to particular topics.

We must defer the consideration of the remainder of the work. Such a writer as the one before us must not pass with merely a hasty review. And we are the more anxious to give an impartial idea of the solid excellence of his ser mons, because they have unhappily derived so little aid from the skill of their editor.

(To be continued.)

LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL INTELLIGENCE, &c. &c.

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OXFORD. The following is the list of honors at the public examinations for, degrees for last term:

First Class of Litere Humaniores: Portman, Christ church; Taylor, Oriel; Thompson, Wadham; Walesby, Wadham; Williams, Queen's First Class of Disciplina Mathematice et Physica Dyer, Trinity; Kay, Magdalen.-Second Class of Litere Humaniores: Anderson, Baliol; Ansten, Exeter; Bourne, Christ church; Boller, Oriel; Cole, Worcester; Heneage, Christ church; Knapp, St. Jolin's; Master, Baliol; Parker, Brasennose; Sandby, Merton; Worgan, Pembroke.-Second Class of Discipli na Mathematica et Physica: Bowden, Trinity; Gillet, Oriel.-Litera Humaniores: Bennett, Merton; Codrington, Brasennose; Gillett, Oriel; Holden, Worcester; Huthwaite, Wadham; Innes, Baliol, Molesworth, Exeter; Neale, Trinity; Newman, Trinity; Robinson, Baliel; Smith, Magdalen.-The num ber of candidates to whom testimo piums were given, but who were not classed, amounted to 74.

The following subjects are prope, sed for the Chancellor's Prizes for the ensuing year:-For Latin Verses, "Eleusis." For an English Essay, The Study of Modern History." For a Latin Essay, "De Auguriis et Auspiciis apud Antiquos." Sir Roger Newdigate's Prize: English Verse," Pœstum" The matriculations in the last Michaelmas term were one hundred and twenty

one.

CAMBRIDGE.-List of honors, 1821. Moderators: George Peacock, M. A. Trinity College; Temple Chevallier, M. A., Catharine Hall. Wranglers: Atkinson, Trinity; Melville, John's; Rawlinson, Trinity; Cantis, Christ's; Carr, John's; Olivant, Trinity; Tylecote, John's; Spencer, John's; Mandell, Jolm's; Power, Clare; Fennell, Queen's; Talbot, Trinity; Green, Jesus; Bartleet, John's, and Rose, John's, æq; Perry, Jesus; Monk, Trinity; Hubbersty, Queen's; Key, Trinity; Holmes, Bene't.-Senior Optimes: Pratt, Tri nity; Blake, Bene't; James, John's; Fawcett, Clare; Barlow, Trinity Hall; Kindersley, Trinity; Beevor, Bene't; Praed, John's; Andrews, Emmanuel; Fauquier, Pembroke; Wilson, John's; Cherry, Clare; Veasey, Peter's; Jollye, Jesus; Fisher, Catharine's; Graves, Trinity; Chapman, John's.—Junior Optimes: Secker, John's; Wilson, Emmanuel; Barker, Christ's; Creed, Bene't; Simp

son, Johu's; Trollope, Pembroke; Bagshawe, Trinity; Atkinson, Sid.; Arnold,. Trinity; Dobson, Pembroke; Kenuaway, Trinity; Newby, John's; Husband, Magdalen.

The Norisian Prize is adjudged to Mr. K. Digby, B. A. of Trinity College, for an essay, "shewing from a Review of the Civil, Moral, and Religions State of Mankind, at the time when Christ came into the world, how far the reception which his religion met with is a proof of its Divine origin." The Hulsean prize is adjudged to the Rev. R. Brough, B. A. of Bene't college, for a dissertation on "The Importance of Natura) Religion." The following is the subject of the Hulsean prize-dissertation for the present year: The expedi ents to which the Gentile philosophers, resorted in opposing the progress of the Gospel described, and applied in illustration of the truth of the Christian religion."

By an Act passed in the last session of Parliament for taking an account of the population of Great Britain, with its increase or diminution, the overseer of each parish in England, and the schoolmaster in Scotland, are required, on the 21st May 1821, and subsequent days, to proceed from house to house, and collect answers to the following queries :—

1st. How many inhabited houses are there in your parish, and by how many families are they occupied?-2d. How many houses are now building, and therefore not yet inhabited?-3d. How many other houses are uuinhabited?— 4th. What number of families in your parish are chiefly employed in agriculture, or by trade, manufacture, or handicraft; and how many families are not comprized in either of the two preceding classes? The total number of families in answer to this question, must correspond with the number of families in answer to the first question.-5th.How many persons (including children of whatever age) are there actually found within the limits of your parish, distinguishing males and females.-6th. Referring to the returns of 1811, to what course do you attribute any remarkable difference in the numbers. Obtain as far as may be convenient the ages of the parties returned.

The following questions are addressed to the officiating ministers in Englaud, by whom a return is to be made

to the bishop on or before the 21st day of June, 1824:-1st. What was the number of baptisms and burials in your parish, township, or place, in the seve ral years 1811, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20; distinguishing males from females?-2d. What has been the aumber of marriages in your parish, township, or place, in these several years?-34.Are there any matters which you think it necessary to remark, in explanation of your answers, to either of the preceding questions? especially whether any and what annual average number of baptisms, burials, and marriages, may, in your opinion, take place in your parish, without being entered in the parish register.

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Royal Society.—The following is a list
of the Presidents of the Royal Society
from its formation, with the date of
their respective appointments, and the
number of years of their presidency:
Lord Viscount Brouncker April 1663 14
Sir Joseph Williamson. Nov. 1677 3
Sir Christopher Wren Nov. 1680
Sir John Hoskins
Sir Cyril Wyche
Samuel Pepys, Esq.
Earl of Carbery
Earl of Pembroke ..................
Sir Robert Southwell
Earl of Halifax'.....
Lord Somers

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James Burrow, Esq.

James West, Esq.
James Burrow, Esq.
Sir John Pringle....
Sir Joseph Banks

....

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Nov. 1682 1
Nov. 1683 1

Dec. 1684 2

Nov. 1686 3
Nov. 1689 1
Dec. 1690 5

Nov. 1695 3
Nov. 1698 5

Nov, 1703 24
Nov. 1727 14
Nov. 1744 11
Nov. 1752 12
Nov. 1764 4
Sept. 1768
Nov. 1768 4
July 1772
Nov. 1772 6

Nov. 1778 41

Dr. Wollaston .......... May 1820
Sir Humphrey Davy.... Dec. 1820
An interesting paper by the new pre-
sident was read to the Society in Novem-
ber, on the Magnetising Influence of
Galvanism, in which various new and
curious experiments on this subject were
detailed, which clearly establish the
fact, that the galvanic fluid, directed in
a proper manner, is capable of commu.
nicating magnetic properties to bars of
steel. If steel bars or rods be exposed
to the galvanic enrrent, placed in the
direction of the magnetic axis, no effect
follows; but if they be placed parallel
with the magnetic equator they become
magnetic-the end placed to the west
becoming the north pole of the new

maguet, and that towards the east be coming the south pole. So great is the galvanic influence in producing this ef fect, that it exerts its power at a distance of some inches (even ten or twelve); so that if the steel bar be moved in a circle round the course of the galvanic current, but always kept parallel to the magnetic equator it be comes magnetic.

Dr. Cartwright has made a variety of experiments to prove that a solution of salt sprinkled on growing corn infected with mildew removes the disease. Salt washed down to the roots of vegetables it was found speedily destroyed them; and mildew being a fungus,' the roots of which are at the surface of the straw. Dr. Cartwright argued that the fungi would die when exposed at their roots to the action of salt. The result, it is added, was as had been anticipated, and that without any injury to the wheat, salt having no injurious effect on fibrous matter, whether vegetable or animal. Six or eight bushels of salt will serve for an acre of corn: which, at the price of salt ap plied to agriculture, will be under twenty shillings, and this, it is alleged, will be more than repaid by the improvement of the manure arising from the salted straw. Two men, one to spriukle, and the other to supply him with the salt water, will get over four acres in a day. In less than eight and forty hours the vestiges of the disease, it is added, are hardly discernible,

One of the churchwardens of a parish in Somersetshire having, on a late occasion, denied the right of the rector to control the ringing of the church bells, Dr. Lushington has given the following opinion on the subject, which it may be useful to record to prevent si milar litigations -"The consent of the minister (whether incumbent or curate) is necessary to anthorize the ringing of bells in the church; and the con sent of either or both churchwardens, without the minister's consent, is not sufficient. The minister's consent to the ringing of the bells must always be had; if the two churchwardens differ, the consent of the minister and one church. warden would be sufficient; but the consent of the minister against both churchwardens would not justify the ringing, nor would the consent of both churchwardens against the minister authorize it. The minister has authority to limit the time of ringing, and the ringers are bound to obey him.

No

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