RANINA SCABRA (Fabricius).

1705. Cancer Raniformis, Rumph., Amboinsche Rariteit-Kamer, p. 13, pl. 7, figs. T, V.

1758. Cancer raninus, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 625.

1775-1781-1793. Cancer raninus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent., p. 400; Mantissa, i., 314; Spec. Ins., i., 496; Ent. Syst., ii., 438. 1776. Hippa scabra, Fabricius, Mantissa, i., 330 (fide Herbst). 1789. Cancer raninus, Dixon, A Voyage round the World, Appendix, No. 1, p. 353, 2 pls. (unnumbered).

1791. Cancer raninus, Herbst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. i., pt. 2, p. 3, pl. 22, fig. 1.

1791. Cancer scaber, Herbst, loc. cit.,

p. 11.

1793. Hippa scabra, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., ii., 476.

1798. Albunea scabra, Fabricius, Suppl., Ent. Syst., p. 398.

1801. Ranina serrata, Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans vertèbres, p. 156. 1802. Ranina serrata, Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., ii., p. 15, pl. 9, fig. 2. 1803. Ranina serrata, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins., vol. vi., p. 133, pl. 51, fig. 1.

1825. Ranina dentata, Latreille, Encycl. Méth., vol. x., p. 268. 1825. Ranina serrata, Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust., p. 140. 1837. Ranina dentata, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., ii., 194, pl. 21, figs. 1-4.

1841. Ranina dentata, de Haan, Crust. Japonica, decas quinta, p. 139, pl. 34, pl. 35, figs. 1-4.

1893. Ranina scabra, Stebbing, Hist. Crust., Internat. Sci. Ser., vol. lxxiv., p. 140.

Those whose ears are titillated by tautology will no doubt prefer to call this species Ranina ranina (Linn.). Those who agree with our scientific forefathers in thinking that, if a specific name be promoted to generic rank, the species from which the name is borrowed must itself be renamed, should in the present instance accept the designation Ranina scabra (Fabricius). Its author, no doubt, was in the first instance unaware that his Cancer raninus and his Hippa scabra were one and the same species. Indeed, de Haan seems to have been the first writer to call explicit attention to this fact. Bosc, in 1802, noticed that Herbst's figure was borrowed from "Dickson," who had represented it in his Voyage, pl. 15 and 16 of the French edition. De Haan gives a reference to " Portlock et Dickson, Voyage Round the World, App. N. 1," as though they had used the name Albunea scabra. Yet Bosc, in taking note of Lamarck's Ranina serrata, evidently did not recognise its identity with Albunea scabra, since he says that the species "was forgotten

by Fabricius in his Supplement, although it is found in the previous editions of his Entomology, under the Linnean name-that is, Cancer raninus." The suspicion arises that the latter was intentionally omitted, because Fabricius had discovered that between raninus and scabra there was no difference. Milne-Edwards adopts the name Ranina dentata, from Latreille, "Encyclop. t. x., p. 268," but this specific name was obviously due to a lapse of memory on Latreille's part, probably occasioned by the accident that Bosc, Latreille himself, and Desmarest translated Lamarck's serrata by the French words dentelée or dentée. Latreille himself, in his "Cours d'Entomologie," p. 368, 1831, says of his tribe Notopterygia : "This tribe is composed of the genus Ranina, of Lamarck, and has for type the albunea scabra of Fabricius, or the cancer raninus of Linné." R. cristata, Desjardins, "Ann. Soc. Entom., 1835," is explained by de Haan to be the male of the present species. The specimen sent from the Durban Museum was a comparatively small one, as the carapace measured only 75 mm. in length.

FAMILY CALAPPIDE.

1896. Calappida, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxv., pt. 2, pp. 136, 137.

Alcock gives the following character: "Carapace of the ordinary brachyurous shape. The afferent branchial openings are found in front of the bases of the chelipeds. The antennæ are small. The legs are normal in position. The vasa deferentia perforate the bases. of the fifth pair of legs. The branchiæ are nine in number on either side. The external maxillipeds either completely cover the buccal cavern and have their palp hidden in repose (Matutina), or do not close the buccal cavern and have their palp always exposed (Calappino)."

GEN. CALAPPA, Fabricius.

1798. Calappa, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 345.

1896. Calappa, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxv., pt. 2, p. 139.

CALAPPA HEPATICA (Linn.).

1758. Cancer hepaticus, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 630.

1785. Cancer hepaticus, Herbst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. i.,

pt. 6, p. 198.

1785. Cancer tuberculatus, Herbst, loc. cit., p. 204, pl. 13, fig. 78.

1798. Calappa tuberculata, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 345. 1825. Calappa tuberculata, Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust., p. 109, pl. 10, fig. 1.

1837. Calappa hepatica, de Haan, Crust. Japonica, decas tertia, p. 70.

1843. Calappa tuberculata, Krauss, Südafrik. Crust., p. 52.

1896. Calappa hepatica, Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. lxv., pt. 2, p. 142.

The dried specimen from the Durban Museum has a carapace 45 mm. long and 70 mm. broad, the length being thus rather considerably more than half the extreme breadth. It agrees well in general character with Desmarest's figure, and in particular the right cheliped shows the curious external curved basal process of the finger, which Desmarest represents in his fig. 1a.

Krauss remarks that at low tide he found this species in little pits on the sand-banks of the Bay of Natal, in which it sits quite motionless with the chelipeds pressed close to the thorax; whether it maintains its peaceful position when the tide comes in he could not ascertain on account of its rare occurrence.

MACRURA ANOMALA.

Other members of this division have been discussed in these Marine Investigations, Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 17, 1902, and pt. 3, p. 68, 1905.

GALATHEIDEA.

1901. Galatheidea, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-Sea Crust., Macrura and Anomala, p. 235.

FAMILY GALATHEIDÆ.

1901. Galatheida, Alcock, loc. cit., p. 236.

1902. Galatheida, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 29.

1902. Galatheida, Benedict, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxvi., p. 243.

1905. Galatheida, MacGilchrist, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xv.,

p. 245.

GEN. GALACANTHA, A. Milne-Edwards.

1880. Galacantha, A. Milne-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoöl., vol. viii., p. 52.

1901. Galacantha, Alcock, loc. cit., p. 274.

1902. Galacantha, Benedict, loc. cit., p. 304.

In Colonel Alcock's work above cited, so far as its date allows, references to authorities are given for the tribe or legion, the family, and the genus, with definitions and other information. Though other writers-Benedict, Hodgson, de Man, C. E. Porter, Calman, Chilton, W. H. Baker, and MacGilchrist-have dealt with members of this family since 1901, no considerable addition appears to have been made to our knowledge of the genus Galacantha. Benedict enumerates seven species: G. camelus, Ortmann, G. diomedea, Faxon, G. faxoni, Benedict, G. investigatoris, Alcock and Anderson, G. rostrata, A. Milne-Edwards, G. spinosa, A. Milne-Edwards, and G. trachynotus, Anderson. The Zoological Record for 1904, Crustacea, p. 32, supplying an omitted record of Illustrations of the Zoology of the Investigator, pt. 9, 1901, quotes G. areolata, Alcock and McArdle, as if Wood-Mason's species had been accepted by those authors. In their explanation, however, of plate lv., on which the name occurs, it will be found that they reduce it to a synonym of G. rostrata, A. M.-E. G. faxoni, Benedict, is a new name for the Albatross specimens which Faxon himself attributed to G. rostrata, though pointing out some small features in which they constantly differed from West Indian examples. Opinions will vary as to the need of a new name. Faxon inclines to behold "in G. rostrata a somewhat variable abyssal species of world-wide distribution, represented on both sides of the Atlantic, off the Pacific coast of America, in the Banda Sea, and in the Bay of Bengal." Alcock evidently agrees with him, not only accepting Henderson's G. bellis and G. talismanii as synonyms of the species, but in addition reducing G. investigatoris to a variety of it. Alcock also regards G. trachynotus as a variety of G. spinosa. On this view there are only four species which can be sharply distinguished.

GALACANTHA ROSTRATA, A. Milne-Edwards.

1880. Galacantha rostrata, A. M.-E., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoöl., vol. viii., p. 52.

1886. Munidopsis rostrata, S. I. Smith, Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1885, p. 649 (45), pl. 6, f. 1.

1900. Galacantha rostrata, M.-E. and Bouvier, Crust. Décap. Travailleur et Talisman, p. 308, pl. 6, f. 9.

Other references and synonyms may be gathered from those already given for the genus. Professor S. I. Smith gives the figure of a male 75 mm. in length. In the lateral view of the carapace he shows a little median denticle in advance of the great gastric spine and another at the base of its hinder slope, neither of which is observable in the South African specimen. The latter is a female with eggs, measuring 88 mm. from tip of rostrum to end of telson, with the carapace 44 mm. long from tip of rostrum to the hind margin, 31.5 mm. broad just behind the cervical groove, 39 mm. between the tips of the hinder spines of the lateral margin. The second antennæ are 135 mm. long, and the right cheliped 56 mm. There was no notable difference in length between the chelipeds.

The lateral spines of the rostrum are well developed and slightly divergent. As in the var. investigatoris, the sixth pleon segment and the telson are tuberculate, though less strongly than the anterior part of the pleon. The fingers of the ambulatory legs are delicately serrate on the concave margin and hairy on the convex one.

Locality. Cape Point N.E. by E. E., 46 miles; depth, about 900 fathoms; bottom, green mud.

This specimen appears to be the largest Galacantha hitherto recorded.

PAGURIDEA.

1905. Paguridea, Alcock, Indian Decap. Crust., Anomura, p. 1.

GEN. CLIBANARIUS, Dana.

1852. Clibanarius, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., Crust., vol. xiii., p. 461. 1905. Clibanarius, Alcock, Indian Decap. Crust., Anomura, p. 40.