only thing that I could forget while wearing it, the only thing that has seemed to be acceptable to the tissues, so that I did not know anything about its being in my mouth. This has cost a great deal of labor and a great deal of experiment, the difficulty having been that we were so determined to have a high karat of gold. By having too much gold we found that it became brittle. We have finally learned the proper proportion to secure the best results.

Dr. ROBINSON: I have a lining for celluloid or rubber plate that I wish to present to the Association. Two years ago I found that I was losing my mouth from inflammation and absorption from wearing black rubber, and I went to work to see if I could remedy the difficulty. I finally produced an alloy composed of platinum and tin, with a very small portion of gold, that would adhere to the plate as well as paint does to wood-I give you this illustration because it is the best I can give. I have worn it in my mouth nearly two years. This metal being fibrous has the property of mixing with the plate when the latter is warmed in such a way that it cannot be removed and does not wear off. During the last year, since I have been wearing in my own mouth plates lined with this material, I have examined, perhaps, two hundred mouths in which vegetable plates have been worn, and in almost every one of them there were large patches that were inflamed and red and soft. This is a thing that is, perhaps, worthy of your attention. I found also that this metal would weld to gold, and so I substituted it in the filling of teeth, and I have some fillings here illustrating how it works. You have in this a material that will preserve the walls of the teeth as well as gold, and you may veneer it with gold if you desire. This material will not soil or grow dark in the tooth, and will eventually take the place of amalgams, and is most excellent for filling the deciduous teeth and for starting fillings, instead of retaining-points. It will stand and do good service in all cavities with surrounding walls, and in most cases, when covered with gold, will make a filling as good or better than gold itself.

Dr. HURTT: I have been made to feel this morning as I have not for twenty years the degrading influence of what has been going on. I do not generally use very strong language, but I do wish to speak my mind here to-day on this subject, and on the proceedings at this time. I came to this Association expecting to witness the transactions of the most eminent men of this country. I expected to hear principles discussed, and to hear reports of the best things in practice that had been devised by our best men for our benefit and

for the benefit of our patrons and the rising dental students. What have we witnessed here?

THE PRESIDENT: I believe I must call the gentleman to order.

Dr. HURTT: I appeal to the American Dental Association in order that I may proceed on this subject.

THE PRESIDENT: I decide that the gentleman is not speaking upon the subject of artificial dentistry.

Dr. THOMAS: I move that Dr. Hurtt be allowed to be heard.
The motion was agreed to.

Dr. HURTT. I have been taught from the time that I entered a dentist's office not to engage in anything in the direction of mechanical dentistry that would degrade the profession. I have been taught that no man had a right to bring mechanical appliances or patented methods into an association of this character, to press their purchase upon the profession. It pains me when I find a gentleman, like Dr. William H. Atkinson, of New York City, one of those to whom I have looked for the best things in dentistry, one of the great lights of our profession in this country, coming here with circulars setting forth devices that they have introduced and patented, and now advertising and urging their claims, as has been just done before this Association. Are we a committee to sit here and judge of dental patents and materials, and to put the seal of the Association upon them? This is what I object to. What are we to expect from students if such things are allowed here? Suppose a young man from Kansas should come here with a similar article, and, under similar circumstances, attempt a thing of this kind; would the President of the Association permit it? Would the American Dental Association allow it? There are professors in dental colleges here to-day, who have taught that such practices are unprofessional, and in many instances they would not associate with those who do this kind of business.

In this great representative American Dental Association, the teaching and example should be elevating, not degrading, and such appliances or materials, if on sale, should be placed before the members of the Association through the proper advertising channels.

One thing in regard to celluloid. I have made a number of celluloid plates, and find that as a rule, men who use alcoholic liquor, cannot wear them. In several cases, I have seen from one-half to two-thirds of the plate eaten off within a year's time by the use of alcoholic liquors.

I thank you for the privilege you have accorded me.

Dr. BUCKINGHAM: I did not bring anything here to sell; I simply showed you a model and a method. I do not sell celluloid. I have a right to speak of the properties of celluloid as much as others to speak of the properties of gold. It is no humbug. I do not bring any secret compound here to show you. I simply wish to give the young men here some instructions in the use of a material that is in use. I do not say that it is the best material in use. I do not come here with quackery, or any secret process. I do not want to be classed with the men that the gentleman speaks of. I disclaim any thought of urging anything in which I have any pecuniary or proprietary right. The others may take care of themselves.

Dr. HURTT: I did not, in my remarks, have any reference to what Professor Buckingham had said or done. I merely wished to call the attention of the professors who are here to this subject, hoping that they might impress upon their students the right principles governing this question. I merely wish to assert what I believe to be the fundamental principles underlying these matters, which have been taught by many good men in our profession, and I think ought to be handed down.

THE PRESIDENT: In explanation to Dr. Hurtt, the Chair would state that he was under the impression that these gentlemen who spoke and brought these things before the Association, did so on the recommendation of the committee of the Section; otherwise he would not have permitted it.

SECTION III.

DENTAL LITERATURE AND NOMENCLATURE.

Nomenclature and Terminology.

REPORT BY W. H. ATKINSON, CHAIRMAN OF THE SECTION.

T has been the object of this series of reports to exhibit the appli

Intion of Universology and Alwato to the purposes of general

scientific Nomenclature and Terminology; and to illustrate the new facilities which these recent scientific discoveries place at our disposal. It must always be borne in mind, that new things are new, and that it is not until their air of strangeness is worn off and familiarity takes the place of novelty, that we can rightly appreciate the value of fresh contributions to our store of knowledge. The object of the present report is to carry a step further forward the same general purpose.

Still, while Universology and Alwato are adapted to the furnishing of technicalities scientifically constructed for every branch of science, it is mainly the animal series of biology to which our attention is being directed in these reports; and within this, chiefly to human-body-lore; and within this, predominantly, to tissues or histology, and to this minor branch of living-things-lore especially as it converges upon the structure of the teeth and the particular objects of this Association. Universology, as such, is the science of universal classification; and Alwato, on its scientific side, is the science of the natural and appropriate namings for all the results of classification, in whatsoever department.

Within the animal series it is our well-known inheritance from past scientific discovery, that development passes through a succession of stages, from the more simple to the more complex. To Louis Agassiz we were, at no distant date back, indebted for the additional and immensely important discovery, that the successive stages of the development of the fœtus, embryologically investigated, repeat, analogically, the successive stages of the development of species in the general animal series-so that we have two parallel

series, each reflecting the light derived from its study upon that of the other; and now we have a third and similar discovery, by Stephen Pearl Andrews, to the effect that the serial development of the sounds of the human voice constituting the basis of language is another parallel series of phenomena, repeating the other two series just specified with such accuracy as precisely to apportion the sounds produced by the voice to the classes of objects requiring to be named. The idea, then, at bottom, is that, as the entire body of nature is a grand organismus (or collection of organs), of which the particular minerals, plants, and animals (and their genera and species), and especially the human body, as the superior animal product, are the specialized organs; and as the human body is a grand organismus, on a smaller and finer, but still on a repetitory scale, of which the organs (tissues and parts) repeat and correspond to the plants and animals, or to their seriated genera and species; so, in fine, the human mouth (throat, nose, and ear—“ the organs of speech") is a minor organismus, the parts and touches of which in the production of the vowel- and consonant-sounds constituting language are the particular organic products; which, again, repeat, in number and arrangement of distribution, the organs (tissues and parts) of the human body entire; and, further back, the organs of universal nature, of which the human body itself is merely one.

And further, as the result of this repetition, in these three narrowing concentric circles of organization-first affecting nature at large, then affecting the human body as a reduced picture of the whole natural world, and then affecting the mouth and its series of sounds, as a miniature of the entire body-the sounds of the human voice are precisely adapted, by nature herself, in number and arrangement, to re-present the number and arrangement of the parts of the human body; and so the fact becomes revealed that nature has, from the first, provided science with the true and only proper system of technicalities for every department; quite in the same way as nature has provided the laws of music, which, nevertheless, had to await their discovery by human observation to be constituted into the actual score. So, it is now discovered that the true laws of language have always been latent in the organic structure of the organs of speech; and Alwato is the one language for the whole world, which is to result from the full discovery and practical co-ordination of those laws. But, first and foremost, Alwato tenders its services as a system of scientific technicalities. Such is the connection which it has with the purposes and labors of Section III. on Nomenclature and Terminology.