201 Mc dary hills gives to it the appearance of a valley, and leaving the chin unshaved. We never saw one of these We have not room to indulge ourselves in an accurate account of the important county of Lancaster, to which our journey has now conducted us, nor have we the materials for such an undertaking without more labor than other occupations would permit. To any citizen of that county, who would furnish us with such an account we should feel ourselves under lasting obligations; and we should hasten to present it to our readers. Suffice it for the present to say, that Lancaster is the 17th county of the state in point of territory, and the first in wealth and population (Philadelphia of course excepted.) Its area is 928 square miles, and its population in 1830 was 76,600. Its wealth has sprung chiefly from agriculture. The Conestoga, Pequea, and Chiques, and their branches, afford a number of valuable mill seats, where flour is prepared for the Philadelphia and Baltimore markets. Distilleries are also numerous, to supply which, an immense quantity of rye is annually raised. The millers and distillers, of Lancaster, purchase also a large quantity of grain descending the Susquehanna. Iron is found and manufac. tured in the northern section towards the line of Lebanon county. After crossing the Mine Ridge, and passing from Chester into Lancaster county, a remarkable change is visible in the character, habits, and language of the population. In Lancaster, the German prevails in about the same proportion as the Quakers do in Chester, retaining their language as a means of communication with each other, though the greater part of them are able to converse in English. But it is time we had ended for the day. The village of Paradise is close by the crossing of the Pequea, and in a certain tavern there, we remember once to have seen a comely Dutch damsel, that would make no bad representative of Eve-at Paradise, then, we pause for the present. On LYKENS VALLEY AND THE COAL REGION. The senior editor of the Intelligencer, in company with other gentlemen of Harrisburg, visited, during the past week, the coal region in Lykens Valley. This delightful valley, situated in the northern part of this county, is bounded on the west by the Susquehanna river, on the north by the Mahantango mountain which separates it from Northumberland county, on the east by the mountains which separate it from Schuylkill county, and on the south by Berry's mountain which separates it from Armstrong's valley in this county. It is about 23 miles long, and from 8 to 10 in width. the east, a branch of the Schuylkill mountains, called in the valley, the Short Mountain, runs over the Schuylkill line about 9 or 10 miles, and ends near the middle of the valley within about 12 miles of the Susquehanna. This mountain from appearances contains inexhaustible quantities of anthracite coal of the best quality. Between two or three miles from the end of the coal mountain, is Bear Gap, a singular entrance into a narrow valley in the middle of the mountain, some miles in length. Out of this entrance issues a stream of water, called Bear creek, and large enough to drive a saw mill, There is something very harsh and unmusical in the and on which, one is now placed and in operation. The dialect which this people speak, and which differs of stream is formed of two branches, one running through course from the classical German, which Goethe and the east and the other through the west part of Bear Schiller have immortalized. The German of Pennsyl- Valley, and uniting just before the stream breaks through vania is, to all intents and purposes, an unwritten lan- the entrance. Bear creek runs about half a mile south guage, transmitted from mouth to mouth, and therefore after leaving the entrance, when it unites with the Wisconstantly corrupted, and changed by the introduction conisco which runs the whole length of Lykens valley of foreign and new fangled words. We have been at from the cast to the west, and enters the Susquehanna the pains to count the words in a legislative document, at Millersburg. At this entrance into the mountain at professing to be in the German language: and have dis- the gap, on both sides of Bear creek, mines of coal have covered that about one fourth of the whole number are been opened, and about siX THOUSAND TONS of the best English words a little disguised by the German mode of coal we have ever seen has been mined, and is now spelling. A German scholar set down among the farm-waiting for the completion of the rail road to be taken ers of Lancaster, would probably be as little able to comprehend what he heard, or to make himself understood, as if he had lighted upon a tribe of the Aborigines. Besides the peculiarity of language, two other cha-ance of meeting under Bear valley. It is probable, that racteristics invariably mark a German settlement, namely, huge stone barns, and gigantic horses immoderately fat. It seems as if these frugal and industrious people, looked first to the preservation of their crops and the comfort of their cattle, and devoted no more attention to their own accommodation, than could be spared after these primary objects had been accomplished. Not that dwellings are bad, on the contrary, they are substantial, durable, and of sufficient size. But they always look diminutive, in comparison with the barns, and the fact is always obvious that attention has been given to the useful and the productive, far above the beautiful or the ornamental. The Germans comprise the great mass of the population of all that portion of the Pequea Valley, which lies in Pennsylvania, and they are also numerous in Frederick county, in Maryland. They are of various religious denominations. A very considerable portion belong to the society of Mennonists, who resemble the Quakers in their tenets as to war, and follow the Jewish custom of VOL. XII. 8 to Millersburg on the Susquehanna. The strata of rock on the south side of Bear valley pitches to the north, and on the north side to the south, both having an inclination of about 45 or 46 degrees,and having the appear. the part of the mountain which is not divided by this singular narrow valley, is also full of coal, it having been found in various places. The strata of rock here incline to the centre of the mountain, and probably meet in the middle. At the entrance, where a company is now mining, we entered one of the mines running horizontally into the mountain about 80 yards. The vein of coal was six feet thick, having no termination but the mountain itself. About 20 yards from this, was another vein 11 feet in thickness-every 20 yards there being a vein. Between these veins of coal are alternate layers of pudding stone, slate, and sometimes sand. The slate or shale generally lies next to the coal, but not alwayssometimes the pudding stone lies next to the coal, and in one vein we saw a layer of sand lying next to the coal. From this gap a company is now constructing a rail road, about 17 miles long, to the Susquehanna at Millersburg. From the mines at the gap it runs south or south-west about a mile until it reaches the side of Berry's mountain which bouuds the valley on the south and then it takes nearly a direct west course to the Sus- dianship of funeral ceremonies, and they are now every quehanna. This rail road is already graded, and the where regarded as religious rites. The most humble rails are laid on about one-half of the road. One of the as well as the most exalted member of every communicompany told us that if no accident happened, all the ty, is entitled to these rights, unless forfeited by some rails would be laid down in about 60 days, so that in flagrant violation of the laws of God and of nature. about 90 days, coal would be carried to the river. The character of funeral ceremonies has, at all times When this is done, none can tell what a busy scene will and in all countries, corresponded with the rank and be presented near these mines. The coal is one hun-character of the deceased. Among the ancient Greeks dred miles nearer the market. than any on the Susque- and Romans, whose governments were founded upon hanna now worked. It is of the best quality, and principles analogous to our own, the more humble class although anthracite, it is light and burns with a blaze, were generally interred with great decency, in public and may be kindled without charcoal. It is inexhaustible, and must be a source of great wealth. cemeteries prepared for the purpose. Persons of rank and fortune were usually buried with a pomp and splendor corresponding with their station and circumstances. But to those who had rendered distinguished services to the country, or had fallen in its battles, the most splendid, solemn, and imposing funeral honors were paid. Their lives had been sacrificed in the services of their country. They were supposed to have contributed to its greatness and glory, and to have set an example worthy of imitation by the living. Their characters, and services, and deeds of noble daring, were identified with the reputation of their country, and were regarded as they should be, as the property of the country; and hence, in the free states of Greece, particularly, the whole body of the people felt an interest in perpetuat Messrs. Elder, and Haldeman have had the foresight to possess themselves of some of the most valuable property in this valley. Their coal land on the mountain extends from a few rods from the gap to the Schuylkill line. They own likewise a tract on the west side of the gap, and also a tract on the west side of Bear valley. The company of Gratz, Shaeffer, and others, own the land immediately at the gap and the coal that is now being mined; but Elder and Haldeman own the land immediately below for a considerable distance. Thomas P. Cope, of Philadelphia, owns the end of the mountain nearly to the gap, about three miles in length; but the lands of Elder and Haldeman inclose it on three sides. On the north side of the mountain next to Gratz-ing their fame. town, there are several tracts of coal land, one of which is owned by David Krause, Esq. of this place. We are particularly pleased with the appearance of a great number of farms in Lykens valley. Near the end of the mountain is one of about 400 acres owned by Elder and Haldeman, which for location, the beauty of its situation, its handsomely laid out and well fenced fields, the buildings and the excellence of the crops, is almost unrivalled. The estate of James Buchanan, a little south of Elder & Haldeman, through which flows the Wisconisco, is another delightful place. This farm, containing more than 400 acres, was the place where Lykens the first settler of the valley lived. From this place to the Susquehanna, on every little eminence the eye will be delighted by the sight, from mountain to mountain, of wheatfields and cornfields, of stone houses and barns, and orchards and groves. At Athens, in the brightest days of her glory, the most distinguished funeral honors were paid to those who had fallen in their country's battles. Their bones were collected, placed in coffins, and exposed to public view; as the bones of those to whom we are now paying funeral honors, are now publicly exhibited. The relatives and friends of the dead, attended to weep over their remains; as is here witnessed on this occasion. The people assembled, as here, to participate in the solemnities. Their remains were conveyed in solemn procession to the cemetery prepared for their reception, and there deposited, as has here been done; and a monument erected to their memory, and their names inscribed thereon. Here, too, the corner stone of a monument to the patriotic dead, has just been laid; a column is to be erected, and their names are to be inscribed upon it. These are grave and interesting ceremonies-they Let those who wish to visit one of the most delightful|must reach the bosom and affect the heart of every one spots in Pennsylvania, visit Lykens valley in Dauphin county. Excellent accommodations will be found at the coal mines, near the gap, at a public house kept by Mr. Michael Schaeffer, THE WYOMING MASSACRE MONUMENT. JUDGE SCOTT'S REMARKS. present. And if the scenes here witnessed, dispose the mind to serious and sober thought, how much more solemn the reflections and intense the feelings excited, and what fearful apprehensions awakened in the mind, by the allusions which have been made to the ancient republics. Where now are the free states of Greece? Where enlightened and polished Athens? Where her celebrated schools of learning? Where her magnificent In addition to a statement of the contents of this box, temples and other public edifices? Where her splendid my venerable friends have also requested me to make monuments erected to the memory of her Patriots? some further remarks on this occasion. In complying Where her free institutions? Prostrate in the dustwith their wishes, I must necessarily be brief. It is un- annihilated by the ruthless hands of the enemies of civil necessary for me to notice the events, which the pro-liberty. The internal enemies of the ancient republics ceedings of this day, and the monument to be erected, are intended to commemorate. They have just been detailed, by the gentlemen selected by the committee to address you on this occasion. inflicted the first wounds upon their free institution. "We the people," the life giving principle of liberty in their constitutions, was expunged-blotted out forever. Political aspirants, seeking their own personal aggranAll nations-every people, whether savage or civiliz- dizement promulgated new and unheard of notions, ed, of whose customs or religion, history has furnished now significantly denominated the doctrine of nullificaus any account, have regarded the mode of disposing tion; the national councils were divided; the people of the body after death, as an object of the greatest were deluded; the sacred bands of their Union were importance. In some countries, cremation, or the turn- burst asunder, and they became an easy prey to their ing of the body to ashes has been practised. In others, external enemies. Their institutions of learning, and burial, or inhumation, either in the earth or in sepul- their temples, and their monument, and their free gotures of stone prepared for the purpose has been cus-vernments, and their very existence, as nations, were tomary. But simple interment, it is believed, is now nullified; and the most intolerable despotism erected generally adopted by most civilized nations. The same upon their ruins, which the efforts of ages were unable feelings and sense of decency and propriety, which dic- to overthrow. God preserve our country from so misetated the removal of dead bodies out of sight, also rable a catastrophe! May the admonitions which history prompted to the performance of ceremonies on the oe- furnishes, teach us political wisdom-and may our Union casion of a solemn and impressive character. Hence as a nation, our free institutions, and this monument to the religion of the country took upon itself the guar❘ the patriot dead, exist till time shall be no longer. STATE LOAN. The whole amount of the Loans held by Foreigners up to that time is nine millions three hundred and one thousand, seven hundred and eleven dollars 99 cents; and the whole amount of Loans held by individuals and corporations in this country, up to that time, is, seven millions one hundred sixty-one thousand nine hundred forty-nine dollars and 89 cents. This is independent of the loans of the present year, which are presumed to be held by foreigners, almost exclusively. FOREIGN STOCKHOLDERS OF THE STATE DEBT SYLVANIA. Edmund Granger, of Exeter, in England, The Honorable Adam Gillies, of Edinburg, Henry Harvey, senior, of Bermuda Mary Hichens, and Elizabeth Scott, both of OF PENN- Benjamin D. Harvey, of Bermuda, Coun- Canal Loan per Act of March 21, 1831. William Henry Harford, Bristol, in England, 5000 600 1,250 9000 9000 9,037 34 21,369 39 59 2,150 4,500 15,000 Thomas Hankey, Esq. of London 8,585,74 James Hurry, of Yarmouth, Norfolk, in 10,477 39 Robert Higgs, of Bermuda 27,000 12,000 Rev. Richard Harrington, of Brazen Nose College, Oxford, and Charles Balfour, of 75,000 Javes Basevi, of Dawlish, Devonshire in Dame Amelia Hobhouse, of Bath in Eng. 12,600 Edward Thomas Bainbridge, of St. Paul's His Highness Charles, Sovereign Duke of 12,000 Jeah Hughan, of Cotswold House, Glouces- 30,000 3,800 Rev. Charles Hughes Hallet, of Higham, in 400 165,000 30,000 William Janson, Esq. of London 27,000 3,000 5000 Simon Knubley, of Jamaica, Esq. 500 Samuel Ludcock, of West Smithfield, Lon shire, in England 5,000 Arthur Blewart Bryer, of Canterbury Row, Louis Maurice, Count De Laizer, of Cler 302,000 21,000 mont Ferrand, Department de Puy de 10,000 11,000 Charles Locock, of Hanover Square, Lon- 6,000 Edward Chapman Bradford, of Portman Charles Lillingston, of Elmdon, Warwick Square, Middlesex, in England, Esq. 4,250 shire, in England, Esq. 2,000 Susan Lacey, the wife of Major Joseph Dacre 1,000 Esq. 14,000 Mary Bateman, of Newington, Surry, in Mrs. Isabella Lyon, of 31 South Street, 20,000 6,300 Mary Bateman, jr. of Newington, Surry, in 12,500 The Most Noble Francis Charles Seymour John Marshall, of Leeds, England 79,947 74 18,000 50,000 100,000 The Right Honorable Henry Seymour Con Thomas Mayo, M. D. of Tunbridge Wells, 43,000 way, Lord Henry Seymour Conway, of 52,000 Virtue Mills, of Clifton, Gloucestershire, in 6,500 Justina Milligan, of Cotswold House, Glou- 20,000 Henri Louis De Chastellux, Duke De Rau- 4,000 Mary Miligan, of Cotswold House, Glouces 20,000 25,000 2000 Francis O'Grady, of Upper Brook street, Rev. William Alexander Percy, of Carrick Ralph Nicholson, of Hadham, Hertfordshire, 6,141 4,200 4,552 82 Enos Durant, Esq. of London 4,353 42 Sarah Dyson, of Diss, Norfolk in Eng. 11,551 John Ferguson, of Irvine, North Britain, and Andrew Service, now in London Selina Frewen, of Leicestershire, in England 2000 The Honourable Mary Pelham,of Connaught 3,000 The Right Honourable Henry Manviers 31,500 Gowan and Marx, of London 21,000 117,400 Nathan Palmer, of Seymour street, Easton man 5,000 Elizabeth Nicholson, of Roundhay Park, Ralph Nicholson, of Hadham, Hertfordshire, The Right Hon. Henry Manvers, Pierrepont, The Hon. Mary Pelham, of Connaught Mrs. Ann Redfern, of Birmingham, Eng. John Edward Rees, of Halifax, N.S. The Right Hon. Philip Henry, Earl Stan- Alexander Saunderson, of Castle Saunder Sir Thomas Charles Style, of Cloghan Lodge, In the arrangement of the different grades for the ap. 150,21 plication of locomotive, mechanical, or animal power, 460 feet of elevation is overcome on the western divi40,000 sion, and 264 feet on the eastern division, leaving to be surmounted by inclined planes, requiring stationary 675 97 power, 991 feet on the western division, and 339.5 feet on the eastern division, for which as presented by the 33,000 examination, four inclined planes will be necessary: three upon the western, and one upon the eastern divisions. 12,000 32,987 41 The line generally is favourable in regard to curves, none very abrupt occuring; consequently no extra expense will be required to avoid them. Suitable materials for the execution of all mechanical constructions, together with important water powers, are abundant 925 and convenient. 24,000 19 67 1370 57 90 93 The formation of the road-bed should be calculated for a double track, inasmuch as that from its location it cannot be long after the first is completed before a second will be required; and should the grading be deferred until such necessity is experienced, the additional expense of widening the grade beyond what it would have been in the first instance, would be very great. Not so with the superstructure-the effect is otherwise; and good economy would dictate the laying down first 20,000 a single track, and make its advantages available in the transportation of materials for the second. An advan8,000 tage also, to be derived in grading in the first instance 75,846 55 for a double track, is, that by the time the second be6,000 comes necessary, the road-bed is settled and prepared 10,000 for the reception of permanent materials. 10,000 99,000 Of an examination of a route for a Rail Road, from the Valley of Wyoming, at the borough of Wilkesbarre, to the Lehigh river, at the mouth of Wright's creek, by Henry Colt, Civil Engineer. To George M. Hollenback, Andrew Beaumont, H. F. Lamb, Wm. S. Ross, Charles Miner, Samuel Thomas, Joseph P. LeClerc, Elias Hoyt, Benjamin A. Bidlack, Eleazar Carey, Bateman Downing, Ziba Bennett, Jedediah Irish, Thomas Craig, D. D. Wagener, Azariah Prior, Daniel Parry, Lewis S. Coryell, Jos. 1) Murray, John C. Parry, W. C. Livingston, Joshua Lippincott, and Lewis Ryan, Esquires, Commissioners of the Wyoming and Lehigh Rail Road Company. Gentlemen,The following Report, founded upon an examination of the proposed route of the Wyoming and Lehigh Rail Road, made agreeably to your instructions, with the assistance of Dr. F. C. Ingham, is herewith submitted. The following estimate of cost for forming the roadbed is with a view to a double track. The Western Division Includes all that part of the borough of Wilkesbarre to 1st. From the borough of Wilkesbarre, includ- 3d. Slope mountain by Ross's mill to Inman's 5th. Thence to the summit, 34 miles, 40 feet EASTERN DIVISION Estimate. $3,000 2,000 2,500 5,500 7,250 $20,250 The route of examination commences at the rear of the Borough of Wilkesbarre on the Market street, and extending by General Ross's Mill, Israel Inman's, Solomon's Creek Gap, and thence in a south-easterly direction, and terminates at the mouth of Wright's Creek, on the Lehigh River, about 25 miles above Mauch Chunk. The elevation of the summit above the Borough of Wilkesbarre was found to be 1251 feet, and above the Lehigh 604 feet; and the distance between the two points about 14 miles. This is divided into two divi- Western division brought forward, sions, the eastern and western from the summit. The By Wright's creek to Lehigh, 44 miles, 46 feet, descent per mile, 207 0 feet, Estimate. 2,500 00 2,250 00 8,100 00 verse slope, where any grade may be had either for lo- Add for Engineering and unforseen contin comotive or stationary power. The maximum angle of ascent on the western division in the direction of the greatest trade, is 40 feet, per mile; that on the eastern division in the opposite direction, 46 feet per mile, which is not objectionable, inasmuch as the power necessary to transact the regular business of the western division, would perform the return business up a much steeper grade. gencies 12 per cent, Cost of graduation, Average cost per mile, SUPERSTRUCTURE. Concurring in opinion with Captain E. Beach, (see |