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389

4,172 21

$306,254 05

105,976 72

$200,277 33

New Hope dam, &c.

10,008 09

Bridges,

3,067 30

Whole amount of the cost of repairs made

Sections,

2,720 914

in 1833,

$275,383 52

Completing first ten miles of the Columbia

Deduct the available funds drawn,

200,277 33

line, &c.

14,363 99

Protection wall,

893 50

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Collector's office,

908 17

Balance of the fund in the Treasury,

Safety gates,

3,457 53

November 1, 1833,

10,807 61

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$64,298 59

Removing buildings,

Engineers,

Contingencies,

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Upon the settlement of the accounts of a former supervisor, whose debts for repairs made prior to the 1st November 1832, were not ascertained by the board at the date of their last report and upon a full settlement of the accounts for repairs made, and debts of that $98,128 52 year paid, it appears that the actual sum due on the first November 1832, exceeded the estimate then made by the Canal Commissioners. These debts continue to accumulate throughout the winter, and owing to the late period of the session when the legislature have heretofore made appropriations, the spring is far advanced before the supervisors can draw funds enough to pay their debts and proceed with their work; under such circumstances, it is impossible to have all the lines of canal well prepared for an early navigation in the spring.

$98,128 52

$11,572 25

Abstract of Expenditures for repairs in 1333.

$21,524 63 3,374 65 18,188 04 13,301 37 2,525 00 7,786 39 28,646 99 1,023 08 179,013 37

Every effort has been made by the Board, consistent ly with the well being of the public works to husband the funds, but for three years past they and the supervisors have often been subjected to extreme embarrassments when the appropriation for repairs became exhausted. At such times, dams and other expensive improvements in progress have frequently been in an unfinished state. To abandon them in such a condition, would be to give up the whole system of improvement to ruin. And as there has been no power lodged in any department of the government to grant relief, it has often become necessary to appeal to the public spirit of the supervisors, to preserve the canals from destruction and the public from disappointment. It is but justice to those officers to state, that such appeals have seldom been made in vain. Many of them have with a laudable ambition, exerted themselves to the utmost, and exhausted their private credit, after their drafts ceased to The current repairs upon the several divisions, which to the agents of the state and the laborers who have to be paid at the Treasury. But the evils are not confined cost as above stated, the sum of one hundred and go without their wages; important works have to be seventy-nine thousand and thirteen dollars and thirty-postponed, and repairs done under the circumstances seven cents, include the repairs of breaches, gravelling just mentioned, are always more costly to the commondams, strengthening banks, slating towing paths, &c.

Gates,

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59,408 33 5,699 01 This sum of one hundred and fifty-one thousond four hundred and nineteen dollars and sixty-nine cents, $179,013 37 which has been received by the Treasurer within the last fiscal year, will probably be increased during the navigable season, to near two hundred thousand dollars. It will be gratifying to the citizens of the commonwealth, to observe, that the tolls received in 1833, have $302,081 84 trebled the amount received in 1832, and that too under many discouraging circumstances. There has been

Statement of the fund for repairs. Whole amount drawn by supervisors in 1833,

Balance in the hands of supervisors,

but a single line of boats regularly employed (one starting daily from each city) between Philadelphia and Pittsburg throughout the past season; and they only used one hundred and fifty-three miles of the Pennsylvania canal on the east side, and seventy-three miles on the west side of the mountain. The Susquehanna lines were not in full use until the twenty fifth of July, and the navigation of the Delaware division was much interrupted by breaches.

As one hundred and eighteen miles of rail-road will be provided with a single track of rails, which can be used, and which will connect the unconnected links, in the main line; as the old lines of canal are becoming more permanent and new lines will be added next spring. And as the slumbering spirit of the mercantile portion of the community is aroused to a proper apprehension of the importance of securing the immense trade of the "great west," the Canal Commissioners think they haz ard but little in predicting that the amount of tolls which will be paid into the Treasury during the ensuing navigable season, will not be much, if any, short of half a million of dollars.

Tables are annexed to this report showing the amount of toll received by each collector within the past year, and also the tonnage, &c. conveyed upon the canal and rail-way as required by law.

New Lines.

Since the commencement of the improvement system of Pennsylvania, there have from time to time been intrcduced into the laws making appropriations, restrictions with a view of guarding against frauds and preventing abuses. Some of these prudential guards around the Treasury have produced evils which the Canal Com. missioners consider it their duty to present to the Legislature for their consideration. And among these is the provision in the several acts passed within the last three years, for prosecuting the public works, which prohib. its the Canal Board from incurring debts for the completion of new work under contract, on the faith of the State.

However wise and salutary such a prohibition may seem to be in principle, yet in practice it has delayed the completion of the canals and rail-ways, and greatly enhanced their cost. It is believed that the evils produced by this provision in the canal laws, are much greater than any that could have taken place without it. It is evidently the wish of the public and the interest of the State, that the improvements should be completed as soon as possible after they are commenced.

als: and as a necessary consequence, numerous re-lettings at much higher prices-by which the appropriation may be exhausted before the line is completed. A canal may be nearly ready to receive the water, when the remaining work undone must be suspended, and the completion and use of the line postponed until an other season.

The evil effects of the restriction are still more obvious on the rail roads. The iron rails, pins, and wedges, and a large proportion of the chairs have to be procur ed in England. And it has been found almost impossi ble to advertise for proposals-make contracts-send out orders-get the iron manufactured to pattern-have it imported and laid on the railway during the same sea. son in which the law is passed making the appropria tion.

The legal impediments which caution or perhaps prudence has thus erected in the path of the public agents, have delayed the completion of all the lines authorized by the act of the twenty-first of March, 1831, (except the Frankstown line of the Juniata division) for at least one year longer than was anticipated at their commencement, and, owing to causes just detailed, have greatly increased their expense. But while duty has enjoined a rigid compliance with legal requirements, however embarrassing they may have been, patience and perseverance have surmounted the numerous ob. stacles met with in the prosecution of the work; and it now only requires the efforts of another season, to finish all the canals and rail roads of the State, which the laws at present authorize.

As soon after the passage of the act of the sixteenth of February, 1833, as was practicable, operations were recommenced on all the lines for which appropriations were made in that act; since which time, the works have been prosecuted steadily, and upon several of the lines, with great zeal and energy towards completion. A more particular statement of the condition of each line, will be given under their respective heads. (Remainder next week.)

From the Columbian Spy.
MINERALOGY.

On the farm of Mr. Joel Jackson, of Little Britain township in this county, is found octahedral magnetic oxide of iron, in the serpentine ridge.

Massive and crystallized ferruginous oxide of Chrome, or chromate of iron, occurs on a minor ridge of ser When an appropriation is exhausted the whole line is pentine, about a mile north of the main serpentine broken up. The retained per centage, which is design-ridge, on the property of McKim, Sims & Co. of Baltied as a security for the faithfulness of contractors, has to be paid to them. And those contractors who have unprofitable jobs are certain to abandon them. Laborers are scattered, and make engagements elsewhere; and they do not willingly return to a line where employment is so uncertain.

The laws making appropriations are always passed late in the session of the Legislature. After which the scattered corps of Engineers have to be collected and reorganized. Jobs have to be advertised and let-and contracts entered into. Contractors have to collect laborers, teams, provisions, &c.; by which the best sea. son for doing work is wasted, and of course their prices for the work must correspond with the disadvantages. Every thing which encourages re-letting is most per nicious in its effects. It destroys the responsibility and laudable pride which good contractors take in complet. ing their jobs faithfully. It encourages a spirit of speculation or gambling in chances. It covers such lines with many bad contractors, and it enhances the cost and delays the work unreasonably.

While the public works are constructing, they are subject to many casualties which cannot be foreseen or estimated; such as floods, quicksands, hill-slips, a rise in labour or provisions, and a difficulty in procuring materi

more, adjoining Joel Jackson's farm. The disintegrat ed crystals of chromate of iron, are found coating the cavities of all the ravines made in the sides of the hill, and indicate the existence of this valuable material in quantity.

Magnesite. An extensive locality of this valuabl mineral occurs, forming veins in the serpentine of con siderable thickness, same locality; and is now exten sively quarried and manufactured by McKim, Sims & Co. into sulphate of magnesia, (Epsom Salts.) These gentlemen have succeeded in making a purer salt at a much less price than it can be imported; and the Unit ed States are now almost entirely supplied from this es tablishment. Several hundred tons of magnesite have been obtained from this locality, and Wessrs. McKim & Sims manufacture 1,500,000 lbs. of Epsom salt annually.

Actynolite, in green compressed crystals, in tale, serpentine ridge on Joel Jackson's farm.

Noble Serpentine, with delicate veins of amianthus, serpentine ridge on Jackson's farm.

Chalcedony. An interesting locality of this mineral occurs near the magnesite and chromate of iron, above described.

November 15.

THE REGISTER.

PHILADELPHIA, DEC. 21, 1833.

Mr. Chauncey, from the special committee appointed on the 24th September, presented the following Report, which was read.

Whereupon, Mr. Chauncey moved the following resolution,

Resolved, That the said report with the accompany. ing resolution, be adopted.

Upon this motion the yeas and nays were called for, when it was carried by a vote of 12 to 3, as follows. Yeas-Messrs. Willing, Eyre, Bevan, White, Ser

A desire to place the two important papers which are commenced in the present number, in this volume which will terminate next week-precludes an insertion of many miscellaneous artieles properly belong-geant, Fisher, Lippincott, Chauncey, Newkirk, Lewis, ing, in point of time, to this portion of our work-and compels us to postpone them till the next volume-as the remainder of the two documents before alluded to, will occupy the whole of our space in the subsequent number.

Gen. M'Kean has been elected by the Legislature, a Senator of the United States. The vacancy in the office of Secretary of State occasioned thereby, has, by the appointment of the Governor, been filled by the nomination of James Findley, late Speaker of the House of Representatives.

On Saturday night last, a severe snow storm occurred-and on Sunday night a most violent northeaster commenced, which did great damage to shipping at the wharves, and to many houses in the city.

PUBLIC DEPOSITES.

The importance of the questions which are under discussion not only in the legislature of the United States, but in the mind of every reflecting citizen, of all parties, in relation to the public deposites, is so unusually great-and the necessity of reference to documents is of such constant occurrence, that we have thought we could not render a greater service to our subscribers, than to publish in continuity, and consequently with the advantage of juxtaposition, every official paper bearing upon this topic. The peculiar duty of the Register" being to preserve a record of all public acts of general interest, the absence of these papers might justly be deemed an unwarrantable departure from its proper course. The reasons of the Chief Magistrate, and the report of the Government Directors have been already published. We now proceed to the report of the Committee of the Bank of the United States, in reply to those two documents. The reasons assigned by Mr. Taney, Secretary of the Treasury, to Congress, and other official papers will follow in due

66

course.

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Holmes, Biddle, 12.

Nays-Messrs. Gilpin, Sullivan, Wager, 3.

said report be printed for the use of the Stockholders
On motion it was Resolved, that 5000 copies of the
of the Bank.

Extract from the minutes.
S. JAUDON, Cashier.

REPORT.

The Committee to whom was referred on the 24th

of September, a paper signed "Andrew Jackson," purand also another paper signed "II. D. Gilpin, John T. porting to have been read to a Cabinet on the 18th, Sullivan, Peter Wager, and Hugh M'Elderry," bearing date August 19th, 1833-with instructions to consider the same, and report to the Board "whether any, and what steps may be necessary on the part of the Board in consequence of the publication of said letter and report," beg leave to state

That they have carefully examined these papers, and will now proceed to report the result of their reflections in regard to them.

In order, however, to render them more intelligible, it will be proper to recall to the attention of the Board, the actual relations which the Bank has for some years past borne to the Executive.

Since the establishment of the Institution it has devoted itself anxiously and exclusively to the of its creation, the restoration of the currency, the purposes maintenance of the general credit, and the accommodation of the internal and foreign trade of the country. That it has not failed in these objects-that it has indeed realized more than the anticipations of the most sanguine, is attested by all parts of the community. It was in the midst of this career of inoffensive usefulness, when soon after the accession to power of the present Executive, the purpose was distinctly revealed that other duties than those to the country were requir istering its affairs, to consult the political views of those ed-and that it was necessary for the Bank in adminwho had now obtained the ascendency in the Executive. It is understood that soon after that event a meeting was held in Washington of the principal chiefs, thority, and the possession of the Bank was among the to consider the means of perpetuating their new aumost prominent objects of the parties assembled. The first open manifestation of this purpose was in June, 1829, when a concerted effort was made by the execu tive officers to interfere in the election of the Board of Directors at Portsmouth. At the head of this attempt was Mr. Levi Woodbury, now a member of the present Cabinet at Washington, who did not hesitate to avow in a letter to the Secretary of the Treasury, which, though marked "confidential" was consequently ordered to be published by the Committee of Investigation in 1832that he wished the interference of the Government to remove the President of the Branch at Portsmouth, of whom he says:

"The new President, Jeremiah Mason, is a particular friend of Mr. Webster, and his political character is doubtless well known to you,"-and he requests the Secretary of the Treasury "to communicate with some of the Directors of the Mother Bank in favour of such a change."

nity. But now, being relieved from the presence of
Congress, and the legal guardian of the public revenue
being removed, they have ventured on this last act of
violence.
To justify this measure is the purpose of the paper
signed, "Andrew Jackson." Of the paper itself, and
of the individual who has signed it, the Committee find
it difficult to speak with the plainness by which alone
such a document, from such a source,should be describ-
ed, without wounding their own self-respect, and vio
lating the consideration which all American citizens
must feel for the chief magistracy of their country.
Subduing, however, their feelings and their language
down to that respectful tone which is due to the officer

This letter of Mr. Woodbury was transmitted to the Bank by the Secretary of the Treasury, who stated that "from some expressions in his letter, it may be inferred that it is partly founded on a supposed application of the influence of the Bank, with a view to political effect"-in consequence of which he deemed it his duty to present it to the Bank, "with the views of the administration in relation to it." At the same time, Mr. Isaac Hill, acting as the Comptroller of the Treasury until rejected by the Senate, and now a Senator of the United States, sent a memorial from the members of his political party in the Legislature of New Hampshire, requesting the removal of Mr. Mason, In another communication presented to the Bank, he gave it as his opinion, that no measures short of Mr. Mason's remov--they will proceed to examine the history of this mea al would tend to reconcile the people of New Hampshire to the Bank," and that "the friends of General Jackson in New Hampshire, have had but too much reason to complain of the management at Portsmouth." Finally, the Secretary of War ordered the transfer of the pension fund from the Branch Bank at Portsmouth to another Bank in Concord, an act so obviously in vio lation of the laws, that it was first resisted by the Bank, and then retracted by the Secretary.

It became then manifest to the Bank, that there was a combined effort to render the Institution subservient to political purposes; and that it was necessary to come to some immediate and distinct understanding of its rights and duties. This was done in the correspondence of the President of the Bank with the Secretary of the Treasury, of which the following passages will indicate the general purport.

"Presuming that we have rightly apprehended your views, and fearful that the silence of the Bank might be hereafter misconstrued into an acquiescence in them, I deem it my duty to state to you in a manner perfectly respectful to your official and personal character, yet so clear as to leave no possibility of misconception, that the Board of Directors of the Bank of the United States, and the Board of Directors of the Branches of the Bank of the United States, acknowledge not the slightest responsibility of any description whatsoever to the Sec. retary of the Treasury touching the political conduct of their officers, that being a subject on which they never consult, and never desire to know the views of any ad

ministration."

sure, its character and the pretexts offered in palliation of it. Of these in their order-

1st: It would appear from its contents and from other sources of information, that the President had a meeting of what is called the Cabinet, on Wednesday the 18th Sept., and there read this paper. Finding that it made no impression on the majority of persons assembled, the subject was postponed, and in the mean time this document was put into the newspapers. It was obviously published for two reasons. The first was to influence the members of the Cabinet by bringing to bear upon their immediate decision the first public impression excited by misrepresentations, which the objects of them could not refute in time-the second was, by the same excitement, to affect the approaching elections in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and New Jersey. The first design is apparent from the fate which has be fallen these counsellors. Whilst something was hoped from their fears, it was expedient to flatter them, keeping in reserve behind these blandishments, the power to punish disobedience. "By the terms of the Charter," the President says, "the public money is to be deposited in the Bank during the continuance of its otherwise direct." "Unless, therefore, the Secretary Charter, unless the Secretary of the Treasury shall of the Treasury first acts, Congress have no power over the subject, and consequently the public money must remain in that institution until the last hour of its existence, unless the Secretary of the Treasury shall the Secretary of the Treasury over the deposites is unremove it at an earlier day;" and again, "the power of qualified."

Again:-" Accordingly the act of Congress simply Having thus argued the Secretary of the Treasury declares, that for the management of the affairs of the into an exclusive control of the deposites, the President said Corporation, there shall be twenty-five Directors.' proceeds to give his reasons why the Secretary should When these are chosen, the whole administration of the remove them, concluding with this remark-"Far be it Bank is committed to their exclusive care. Their re from him to expect or require that any member of sponsibility for the management of it is to Congress, and the Cabinet should at his request, order, or dictation, to Congress alone: but no Executive Officer of the Go- perform any act which he believes unlawful, or in his vernment, from the President of the United States conscience condemns." Yet notwithstanding these exdownwards, has the slightest authority to interfere in pressions of humility, the moment the Secretary of the it; and there can be no more warrant for suggesting the Treasury dares to resist this intrusion into his Depart views of the administration to the Bank of the United ment, and refuses to do what "his conscience conStates than to the Supreme Court of the United States." demns," he is immediately dismissed from his office, Finally: For the Bank, which has specific duties and denounced in the official Gazette as a "refractory to perform, and which belongs to the country and not subordinate." The same official announces to the oth to any party, there is but one course of honour or of safe-er two offending ministers, "that however he may rety. Whenever its duties come in conflict with the spirit of party, it should not compromise with it, nor capitulate to it, but resist it-resist it openly and fearlessly. In this its interest concurs with its duty, for it will be found at last, such is the good sense of the country, that the best mode of satisfying all parties is to disregard them all.”

These extracts reveal the whole secret of the hostility to the Bank of those, who, finding it impossible to bend it to their purposes, have resolved to break it. For this purpose, all the poisoned weapons of political warfare have, for the last four years, been unsparingly and unceasingly employed against the Institution. Thus far their efforts have failed-they have been defeated before Congress, and discountenanced by the commu

gret the difference of opinion," the President still thinks that the measure is one upon which the members may conscientiously differ from the President and from each other," that is to say, that they are not yet to be dismissed for expressing their opinions, the President being appeased by the sacrifice of the most contumacious of the opposition.

Its purpose to influence the elections is attested by the triumphant exultation of the Official Gazette, that

"We have received intelligence which authorizes the belief, that, in the late election in Pennsylvania, the Legislature of that State has undergone a change which will give the Jackson party a majority of two-thirds, and the same result has been accomplished in Mary. land. We learn from sources to be relied on, that the

2d. The indelicacy of the form of these proceedings corresponds well with the substance of them, which is equally in violation of the rights of the Bank and the laws of the country.

success of the Jackson ticket in some of the Anti-Jack-ed, has been contemplated"-and they further declare son counties in Maryland, was secured by the late ex- their opinion, that in the bonus and the services renderpositions of the corruptions of the Bank, read by the ed by the Bank, "the United States have been amply President to his Cabinet-and we have no doubt that it paid for all the advantages derived from the deposits of had its effect on all the recent elections." their funds in the Bank and its branches." The same views are expressed in another report of the Committee of Finance of the Senate on the 20th of February, 1829. "The Committee repeat their opinion that the charter gives to the Bank the use of the public deposits without The Bank of the United States was chartered by Con- any other remuneration than such as are distinctly augress for certain national purposes; and as it was thought thorized in that instrument; that the exaction of any other expedient to obtain the skill and vigilance of private in- would, in the opinion of the Committee, be a direct viterest in managing the institution. the citizens general-olation of the charter. The 16th section says distinctly, ly were invited to unite their private fortunes with the that the deposits of the money of the United States public capital. They did so, and the charter of the "shall be made in the Bank of the United States and its Bank is in fact an act of partnership between the Go-Branches." This is positive and can not be misunvernment and the Stockholders, specifying the rights derstood. The 20th section says, 'that in consideraand duties of each party. In the charter of the first tion of the exclusive privileges and benefits conferred Bank of the United States, there was on the part of by this act upon the said Bank, the President and Dithe Bank no payment of a bonus-no obligation to rectors, and Company thereof, shall pay to the United transfer the public funds-no performance of the du- States $1,500,000.' The Bank was to pay and has paid ties of the Loan Office-while on the part of the go- the million and a half of dollars. For what? For the vernment there was no stipulation to give the use of the exclusive privileges and benefits conferred by this act. deposits. This defect was supplied in the charter of What are the benefits? The Committee can perceive the present Bank by positive agreement. Thus the none except the deposits for which the Bank has actuBank, in addition to its arduous duty of resorting and ally paid already." sustaining the general currency, agreed by the 15th section, "to give the necessary facilities for transferring the public funds from place to place within the United States or the territories thereof, and for distributing the same in payment of the public creditors, without charging commission, or claiming allowance on account of difference of exchange; and shall also do and perform the several and respective duties of the Commissioners of Loans for the several states, or of any one or more of them, whenever required by law."

The President himself, in his manifesto, is obliged to allow that "the charter to the Bank is to be considered as a contract on the part of the Government-it is not now in the power of Congress to disregard its stipulations—and by the terms of that contract the public money is to be deposited in the Bank during the continuance of its charter, unless the Secretary of the Treasury shall otherwise direct."

It is then admitted on all hands that this is a contract by which the Bank was to pay a sum of money, and to perform certain services, as a consideration for the use of the Government deposits, which the Government stipu lated should remain in the Bank, unless otherwise direct

And again, the 20th section declares-"That in consideration of the exclusive privileges and benefits conferred by this act upon the said Bank, the President, Directors, and Company thereof, shall pay to the United by a particular officer, the Secretary of the Treasury. ed States out of the corporate funds thereof, the sum of one million and five hundred thousand dollars.”

The purpose of giving this power was obviously to prevent any loss of the revenue, and it was designed excluSuch was the consideration to be given by the Bank. sively to enable the Secretary to protect the interests The consideration to be given by the Government, was of the Government if the Bank became unsafe. This "that the deposits of the money of the U. States in was the opinion of the Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. places in which the said Bank and Branches thereof may Crawford, who, in one of his very first communications be established, shall be made in said Bank or Branches to the Bank, in March 17, 1817, declared "hat, by the thereof,unless the Secretary of the Treasury shall other-charter, the public money deposited in places where wise order and direct; in which case the Secretary of the the Bank of the United States, or its Branches, are esTreasury shall immediately lay before Congress, if in tablished, must be deposited in them, except when session, and if not, immediately after the commence there are urgent reasons to the contrary." This was ment of the session, the reasons of such order and di- also the opinion pronounced by the Committee of Firection." nance of the Senate, in their report of the 20th of FeThis contract was deemed so unfavourable to the cit-bruary, 1829. After citing the 16th section, they izens generally, that on the opening of the books, the say:subscription was not filled, from a belief that the in- "The Commitee see, in the power given to the Secvestment upon such terms could not be advantageous-retary, a discreet precaution, and the words they bean anticipation too well realized by the fact that the stockholders have never yet received the legal rate of interest on the principal subscribed. But the only temptation by which they could be induced to unite with the Government was, that while on the one hand they paid in advance to the Government a million and a half of dollars, and performed certain stipulated duties, they should have the benefit of the deposit of public funds until they were wanted in the public disbursements. These were the two essential stipulations-nay, they were in fact almost the only ones. This was the opinion of the Committee of Finance of the Senate, when on a proposition to make the Bank pay for the use of the Deposits, they reported on the 21st of April, 1828, that "Such measures as are within the reach of the Secre "the 16th section directs that the deposits of the mo-tary of the Treasury, have been taken to enable him to ney of the United States shall be made in the Bank and its branches. No change can be made therein without a direct violation of the charter, which the faith of the nation is bound to sustain. No view of that kind could be contemplated by any person, and none, it is presumVOL. XII.

50

lieve convey only the idea, that if, at any time, the Secretary shall be of opinion that there will be a danger of loss to the United States, by its money remaining in the vaults of the Bank, he may remove it for safety, and report his reasons to Congress. No other construction can, in the opinion of the Committee, be given to that part of the 16th section."

This too was the opinion expressed by the President himself in his message to Congress on the fourth of December, 1832, in which he recommends an inquiry, in order to allay "the apprehension that it is no longer a safe depository of the money of the people;" and in the same message he adds:

judge whether the public deposits in that institution may be regarded as entirely safe; but as his limited power may prove inadequate to this object, I recommend the subject to the attention of Congress, under a firm belief that it is worthy of serious investigation."

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