of its offical

First, The curtailing of the immense power and pa

rity of the tronage of the Governor.

In 1825, a C

of 23 TCT ›ject had be

otes were ention"

ngs to be sta

The proper"

their C

5 specific advantage t Tem chat

to the n

all ujah

the cost

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en we set ince the

the regis under an Dion, and aston

e see the

Second, Confiding to the people the election of a number of officers, and the exercise of rights, which are vitally connected with their safety and happiness, from which the present Constitution debars them.

And third, The abolition of the term of holding offi. ces for life.

merged in the exalted love of freedom and of our country. When the great strife of principle is to be met, let our little preferences for men and names be forgotten. The prize we fight for, is the prize for which our fathers contended-let us turn our eyes to them, be cheered by their example, breast the shock, and breast it nobly, of corrupt pensioners, fatlings of office, and aristocratic contemners of the people, and of the people's dearest rights-and he who doubts our success, is ignorant of the character of the honest yeomanry of Pennsylvania.

We do not believe that a single man can be found amongst us, who values his reputation, or who regards the interests of the people, who can, or who dare refuse his assent to all of these principles, purely democratic Our enemies are vigilant and active to deceive. They as they are in their character. He who denies their represent our numbers as small, they impute interested truth, denies the possibility of republican government, motives to us, they flood the country by their influence for upon them the permanency of such government en- over the presses of the country, with high wrought eutirely depends. The people understand them so tho-logies on the prosperity of the state, and ascribe it all to roughly, that we deem argument in their support su- the "golden reign" of the present Constitution, forgetperfluous and unnecessary. They are self-evident, and ting that the spirit of freedom, which actuates the peocarry irresistible conviction to every mind that contem- ple, has animated the population of the state, advanced plates them. We therefore submit them to the unbias-its prosperity, and elevated its character, in defiance of ed judgment of the public without fear.

the crippling restraints imposed by submission to goLet it not be said that our resolutions contain a single vernors, of almost despotic power, by the misrule of novel proposition. We apprehend, that each and eve- officers who acknowledge no direct responsibility to ry measure recommended, has been sanctioned and re- the people, and by the paralysing reign of men, placed duced to practice, with the happiest effects, in most of over us beyond reach, as our "task masters" for life. The people of Pennsylvania are as enlight-The state is indeed prosperous, but how much more so ened, as honest, as incorruptible, as those of any other would it have been under the blessings of a free, equal, state in the Union, and if they are not wanting in that and truly Republican Constitution? spirit of freedom which has ever distinguished them, they will soon be as free.

our states.

There is one subject presented for the consideration of the people, on which we have not expressed our decided opinion, which seems entitled to especial notice. It is, "whether some limitation on the power of the Legislature to borrow money on the credit of the state, ought not to be marked out in the Constitution?" Debts improvidently contracted, without any certain or visible means of repayment, are as unwise and injurious to the state, as to individuals. It becomes the people to inquire, whether it is prudent to suffer its Legislature to entail upon the state a public debt of twenty millions of dollars, without deriving from its expenditure enough to discharge the interest; and still retain the power of plunging the treasury deeper in this "slough of despond," unchecked and unrestrained.

Your Constitution, fellow citizens, ought to be the guarantee of your rights-it ought to spread over you as the shield of your personal independence-it ought to say to your rulers, thus far shall ye go, and no farther."

We must persevere even unto the end. The sneers and derision of our adversaries should only awaken our energies, and incite our zeal. Those who live by the corruptions of government, will oppose their correction, they have ever in all countries, and at all times done so; and can we expect the nature of such men to change?

The pioneers of reform must learn, and that patiently, to be assailed and abused. It is the evidence they have of faithfully discharging their duty. Every man in society is deeply interested in the struggle for free princi ples. Every man can do something; however small his influence, it is his duty to wield it in the cause.

The purity of the right of election-the permanency of the Constitution itself-the very existence of all liberty worth enjoying-the happiness of the present and of future generations, in this state, are all at stake in this contest between the friends and the enemies of reform; the free born sons of Pennsylvania who falters at this momentous crisis, must forget the regard which he owes to himself, the protection due to his children, and the manly devotion of a patriotic heart to the welfare of his country.

We have also requested the people to fill up this Con- The following resolutions were then passed. vention with Delegates from every county and district in Resolved, That this Convention adjourn to meet on the state, to convene here on the glorious eighth of Jan- the 8th of January 1834, and that the people be requestuary, and adopt such a plan of operations as circum-ed to meet in county conventions as early as practicable, stances may require; to secure success to our efforts; and fill up this Convention with a number of Delegates, and "if need be," to form such a Constitution, as they equal to the number of members of the Senate and asmay be instructed to frame, which they shall submit to semby representing each county and district of the state; the consideration of the people of Pennsylvania. The and that the people of every county in the state be deright of the people to vest their Delegates with the pow-sired to instruct their Delegates, to form a Constitution er of framing a Constitution for their government, can- to be submitted to the people for adoption or rejection, not be controverted. Nature has interwoven it in the if such mode be deemed advisable, or to petition the structure of society-the "bill of rights," which consti- Legislature to take any other step upon the subject tutes a part of the Constitution, has declared the rights which seems most likely to attain the object of the asof the people, to "alter, reform, amend, and abolish sembly of the Convention. their form of Government"--and it has further declared Resolved, That we earnestly recommend to our feltheir right peaceably to assemble for that purpose.' "low citizens in every county of the state, that they call The right being conceded, its exercise is a matter of policy. If the Legislature should refuse to pass the necessary law for enabling the people to call a convention, or should they pass it in such a form as to cause the defeat of the measure, the people can only rise in the majesty of their power, and provide "new guards for the public safety." Some will call this a revolutionary measure. It will be indeed a peaceful, tranquil revolution, effected by public opinion.

In the pursuit of an object, Fellow Citizens, let party feelings, party bickerings, and party distinctions, be VOL. XI.

22

upon all candidates for the Legislature for their sentiments in writing, upon the proposed call of a Convention, to submit its proceedings to a vote of the people; and that they vote for no candidate at the election who does not avow himself favorable to the object.

Resolved, That we earnestly recommend, that the friends of Reform in every township in the state exert themselves to get petitions favorable to a Convention extensively signed and presented to the House of Representatives on the opening of the next session of the Legislature.

hood. Hence it might almost be considered an equi-
poised question, whether the youth in humble life,
whose station in society must necessarily render him
dependent in manhood upon his manual labour, should
not have his education more prominently directed to
some mechanical pursuit attended with mental instruc-
tion according as time would permit,—rather than have
the earlier years of his boyhood consumed in idleness,
or languidly pine in abecedarian tasks; and then appren.
tice him to some employment necessary for after life, in
which he may possibly forget all his former reluctantly
acquired information. If both branches of education-
the manual and the mental-could be simultaneously
combined, in a manner that the transition from the ma-
nual to the mental instruction would prove a relaxation
an anticipated amusement,rather than that instruction in
school should be considered a compulsory obligation
acquiesced in by the parents from the force of custom,
or to keep their children from something worse; and
by the children from the dread of authority or the force
of fond persuasion-reason and experience must con-
vincingly come to the conclusion, that the mechanical
pursuits of the man, and the progress and success in
life of the man, are more certainly secured by proba- Attached to these furnaces, in separate houses, are a
tionary employments in manual labour during childhood. smithery for the iron work-a turning shop for wood
Those who are destined to acquire a livelihood by and metals-a carpenter's shop for making the boxes
handicraft practices, should certainly have their spring necessary for package, &c.—a shoemaker's house,—
of life engaged in the necessary preparations for such tailor's apartments.-a pottery establishment,-
-a de.
practices and that in the most prominent and effective partment for preparing and compounding the ingredi
manner; making however as far as possible the educa- ents for the pots, and another for the glass-in short
tion of the mind and of morals a necessary concomitant. there is no branch or almost process of employment that
We have been induced to adopt more decidedly such such a manufactory will require from necessity or for
an opinion, from a visit to the extensive factory of convenience or despatch, that has not a divisional de
glassworks at Dyottville, Kensington, on the banks of partment allotted to it-and where all regularly pro-
the Delaware, north of this city-where we had an ex-ceeds from the incipient to the completing steps of the
cellent opportunity of seeing in successful practice manufacture-and where all are employed, according
what we have considered preferable in theory.
as their skill, or as circumstances may require. Even
These works had been for some time established by at the wicker work for covering the demijohns, are
Dr. T. W. Dyott of this city; but had not been brought employed rosy little urchins-who are emulous to
to their present basis of discipline, till within the last excel, and pleased at having their work noticed or
three or four years-when he procured the effective praised by visiters. This appears to be among the first
assistance of his brother, as resident superintendant. useful employment of the youngest apprentices; and
Then the proprietor was enabled to put his philanthro- the well inculcated system of honorable rivalry and
pic plans into practice; although previously they had dispensed rewards, leads them on from step to step, and
been approximating to this state.
from one employment to another-till they arrive at a
proficiency in the trade, and terminate their appren-
ticeship. The more proficient of the apprentices are
appointed and rewarded to teach the deficient; and
every apprentice, on completing his stipulated period
of service, is at liberty to continue in the employ as a
journeyman, or to rove at will. But few do leave the
establishment, except some of the inconsiderate who
are tempted to try for employment elsewhere-but,
like the liberated dove of Noah, they soon hasten to
return.

the vial into an oven adjacent, where it is permitted to
remain in a gradually cooling state till the evening of
the following day. Such is the repeated process at
every furnace.

The fuel employed in some instances is rosin: and in
others kiln dried wood; and every used furnace must
be kept constantly fed night and day. Every evening,
the cylindrical poets at each section of the circular fur-
nace is replenished with the composition for the glass
which is thus molten into the consistency required
for the work of the ensuing day. The composition is
of course properly proportioned according to the color
and nature of the vial required: for this, there are dif-
ferent persons and places allotted-so that by this ad-
justment and accumulation of labor, there are consum-
ed daily about 10,000 pounds of glass; and annually
about 12 tons of red lead, 185 of pot and pearl ashes,
680 of sand, 120 of pot clay, 12 of wrought iron for
the necessary instruments (all manufactured at the
factory) and 110 of packing hay--about 2300 bushels
of lime, and 1500 of salt-15,000 barrels of rosin for
fuel, 1800 cords of pine and oak wood, and 1200 bushels
of coal, &c.

At present there are considerably upwards of three hundred persons directly or indirectly connected with the factory, either engaged in the glassworks, or the pursuits rendered usefully auxiliary: and of these, more than two hundred are apprentices. These, with such of the workmen as are not married, are resident on the premises; and are subjected to a system of discipline conducive to their health, their manners, their morals, the improvement of their minds in the common branches of knowledge, as well as to their daily labour in their allotted employments. Boys of every age from infancy to puberty, we saw in the establishment during our visit on Thursday evening-variously employed, and working with a degree of alacrity seldom witnessed; and many of them working with an ability correspondent to their will.

Indeed the inducements to continue at Dyottville cannot elsewhere be found: for every married person connected with the factory may have in its vicinity, a comfortable house at a trifling rent, and other advantages for themselves and their families too numerous to be specified.

There are at present four furnaces in operation in di- But the discipline of the apprentices, is particularly vided compartments of the factory; and a fifth that will deserving of commendati n, as superior to most esta be in operation in five or six weeks; and the proprietor blishments of a similar nature-whether intended for conceives the hopes of being enabled to add another in learning a mechanical employment, or scholastic knowthe spring of next year. Around each of these furnaces ledge. They are considered and treated in every respect are placed ten or twelve persons-according to the ca as scholars, in a well regulated boarding school. They are pacity of each for holding the pots, containing the melt are well lodged, well fed, well taught and well clad. Their ed glass-employed in making every species of vials dormitories are well arranged, so separated that too many from one containing a drum to one containing three or do not sleep in each; yet so connected that their teach four gallons. This is effected by blowpipes-each per-er can control all. They have a house to wash, &c. son being furnished with one of length sufficient to en- in; another as a wardrobe, where each boy has his own sure him from any danger in blowing the glass for the place-indeed in our visit through the apartments we vial. Having so prepared the glass, fashioned it by a saw a place for every thing, and every thing in its place. mould made according to any form required, and ad- Their dining room is spacious, and their diet of a wholejusted the neck and bottom, a lad attendant on every some and superior quality, and abundant in quantity. one or two of the glass blowers, immediately conveys The men resident dine in a separate apartment. The

school room is well fitted up, and contains books and materials for every progress of instruction; and a school master is on the spot to superintend the instruction of the boys-indeed to take charge of them at all times when not at their manual employments-and to have in charge all their wearables, books, &c.

During the day when not immediately engaged at work or school, the apprentices are permitted to play or divert themselves as discipline will allow-and the proprietor has a boat for their special use whenever they require it during playtime. So that the varied exercises and employments give health and relaxation, contentment and comfort. The manifest desire evinced by the proprietor to contribute to their enjoyments, renders them subordinate, diligent and grateful; and teaches them to consider him as a substituted parent. Indeed we were astonished on seeing them at work pursue their employments with a degree of confidence and constancy, unchecked and unvaried by the presence or absence of any. Such is the happy result of mutual regard, where kindness begets confidence, and confidence produces diligence.

The religious instruction of the youths is fortunately a point of material moment with the proprietor; and the course pursued at this establishment proves with certainty that whatever tends to produce "glory to God in the highest," will necessarily promote "peace on earth, and good will towards man." Dr. Dyott-aware of the efficacy of such a system of promoting moral obligation among his apprentices and workmen, built lately a neat chapel for their accommodation-and not merely for theirs, but for any in the neighborhood, who may be religiously disposed. Besides having a clergyman to lecture or preach thrice every Sabbath, the evenings of each week day have some religious employment allotted-for prayer meetings, for lectures, for sacred music, &c. The evening we visited (last Thursday) was that appropriated for the instruction in sacred music, which was given gratuitously by a gentleman of this city, in the medical profession-but who gives thus his time and talents, partly from philanthropic motives, and partly as a friend to the proprietor. From his mode of instruction, none would dissent; and with the proficiency of his pupils, every auditor must be pleased; and perhaps be induced to exclaim with the sacred poet,

Lord how delightful 'tis to see,

A whole assembly worship thee; At once they sing; at once they pray; They hear of heav'n, and learn the way. Every apprentice is made intimate with the terms of his indenture, and all with the regulations of the establishment as printed copies of each are pasted in a conspicuous place. A temperance society is formed among them, and no ardent spirit is allowed to be used by any employed. Temperance meetings are regular-1 ly held; and the apprentices and workmen are taught the evil results of intemperance.

METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER.

Extract from the Meteorological Register, taken at the
State Capitol-Harrisburg, Pennsylvania,
BY JAMES WRIGHT, Librarian.
JULY, 1833.

Time of observation at 9 A M. and 1 and 5 o'clock P. M.

Days of the Month

Days of Week.

1|Monday
2 Tuesday
3 Wednesd

7 Sunday
8 Monday
9 Tuesday
10 Wednesd
11 Thursd'y
12 Friday
13 Saturday
14 Sunday
15 Monday
16 Tuesday
17 Wednesd
18 Thursd'd
19 Friday
20 Saturday
21 Sunday
22 Monday
23 Tuesday
24 Wednesd
25 Thursd'y
26 Friday
27 Saturday
28 Sunday

4 Thursd'y

73

70 68

N W

5 Friday

73

70

68

N W

6 Saturday

75

75

71

W

70

82

82

78

S W

74

The brother of the proprietor is superintendant of 4 all the factory and the farm: for there are nearly 400 30 acres of land along the river belonging to the establish- 5 25 ment-from which are got the milk, butter, and such like household provisions.

Did every proprietor of an extensive factory imitate such an example, how fortunate would it prove to the state of society among us! how ameliorative of the condition of our operative classes! how close the connection between the employer and the employed! how improved the moral and mutual obligation of both! and how advantageous to the happiness of all both here and and hereafter.-American Sentinel.

Atmosphere.

Morning. Afternoon.

22 days

Fair

Fair

2 days

Fair

Rain

1 day

Rain

Fair

1 day

Cloudy Fair

1 day

Fair

Cloudy

1 day

Cloudy

Cloudy

1 day

Cloudy

Rain

Rain

Wind

ER.

'chack P

est.

On the 24th at noon, Thermometer at 91° the high-central rail road through the northern part of Pennsylvania to the mouth of French creek, and by the canal to Erie harbor.

On the 4th in the morning, Thermometer at 60° the lowest. Range 31°

The wind has been 3 days east of the Meridian, 18 days west of it, 8 days north and 2 south.

There was rain on the 2d, 3d, 9th, 14th, 25th, and
30th, and at night on the 6th and 11th.

Mean temperature of this month 1o colder than last
July.

From the Venango Democrat.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.

As the improvement of our internal communications
is the grand hobby upon which the welfare of this part
of the country must in future depend, I trust that it will
not be unacceptable to your readers to give my ideas
upon this subject.

It does appear to me, that in the widely extended range of canal and rail road improvements undertaken by this Commonwealth, that one very important communication has been neglected by the Legislature and citizens generally.

Thus it will be seen that this route gives Philadel phia the decided advantage in point of distance over all others, and by this communication will supersede New York and Baltimore in the Lake trade, but otherwise, either of those places will have the advantage. meeting of our citizens upon this subject; perhaps a I would suggest the propriety of calling a public convention of the counties interested, would be an agreeable proposition, at some suitable place soon.

A FRIEND TO IMPROVEMENTS.

ANTHONY WAYNE,

We have justly heard much said in favor of a connexion with Lake Erie: much has been said and written in favor of the different interests, and of course each neighGENERAL ANTHONY WAYNE. borhood feels an anxiety for a canal or rail road to open The following Biographical Sketch of this upright, a communication to market for their surplus produce.able and gallant Pennsylvanian, is taken from the thirBut in this scramble for minor interests, "there is danger teenth and last volume of the Encyclopædia Americana, that the general good may suffer. This is of primary recently published by Messrs. Carey, Lea & Blanchimportance, and should ever be the polar star to guide ard. the Legislature in the making of extensive appropriations for improvements. However, far be it from me to say, that any thing now done or proposed, is not for the general good-no neighborhood can be benefitted by improvements, unless the public are in some measure the gainers. I believe that every county should have a canal or rail road uniting them with the sea board, and the time is fast coming, when a canal or rail road will be considered as necessary as a public road is at this time. But the great leading artery connecting the great body politic, should first be made, and then the branches leading to every possible avenue of trade. In order to show more fully my views, I will make a comparative statement of the distances from the three great Atlantic cities, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, (the great competitors for the Western trade.) to Lake Erie.

1st, New York, via the Hudson and Erie canal
to Buffalo,

2d, New York, via the New York and Erie rail
road to Lake Erie, (not less than)
3d, Philadelphia via the Pennsylvania canal
and rail road to Pittsburg, and Beaver, and
Shenango route to Erie harbor,
4th, Philadelphia via the Pennsylvania canal
and rail road to Pittsburg, to the Ohio canal
and to Cleaveland harbor,
5th, Philadelphia, via the Pennsylvania canal
to the mouth of the Kiskeminetas, and of
the Allegheny river to the mouth of French
creek and by canal to Erie harbor,
6th, Baltimore via Baltimore and Ohio rail road
to Pittsburg, and Beaver and Shenango
route to Erie harbor,

7th, Baltimore to Pittsburg via Baltimore and Ohio rail road, and to the Ohio canal and to Cleaveland harbor,

8th, Baltimore to Pittsburg, as before, up the Allegheny river to French creek and to Erie harbor,

475

A distinguished general in the American army, was born in the township of Eastown, Chester County, Pennsylvania, Jan. 1, 1745. His father was a farmer of great respectability, and passed a long life of usefulness to his country, having frequently occupied a seat in the provincial legislature, and repeatedly distinguished himself in expeditions against the Indians. His grandfather was a warm friend of liberal principles, and commanded a squadron of dragoons, under King William at the memorable battle of the Boyne. He emigrated to America in 1722. The subject of this sketch received a good education, though, for some time after his entrance into school, he spent much more time in planning and executing military amusements, Miles. than at his books; but, in consequence of a threat of his father to consign him to the drudgery of the farm, he ap508 plied himself assiduously to study, and in mathematics, attained great proficiency. After leaving the Philadelphia Academy at eighteen years of age, he took up his residence in his native county, and commenced the bu siness of a surveyor, in which he acquired great repu tation and success, devoting also a portion of his time to practical astronomy and engineering. On these subjects he left manuscripts, which have obtained high commendation from adequate judges. He likewise filled some county offices, and took a very active part in the preparation for the struggle which resulted in the independence of these United States. He was one of the provincial deputies, who, early in the year 1774, were chosen by the different counties of Pennsylvania to take into consideration the alarming state of affairs between Great Britain and her colonies, and report concerning it; and a member of the Pennsylvania convention, which shortly afterwards assembled at Philadelphia, and excited powerful emulation in the other colonies. In the same year, he was chosen a representative of Chester county, in the provincial legislature, and in the summer of 1775, was appointed a member of the committee of safety, to whom the duty appertained of calling into actual service the associators (as they were termed,) and providing for the defence of the province against invasion from abroad and insurrection at home.

563

580

528

493

510

518

The foregoing are the principal routes or lines of communication that have engaged the public mind for some time past. I will now give the distance from Philadelphia by the Pennsylvania canal and rail road, and a