ARTICLES OF MERCHANDISE. Ezek. xxvii, 18-20, 23, 24. Damascus was thy merchant in the multitude of the wares of thy making, for the multitude of all riches; in the wine of Helbon, and white

2 Kings xii, 15. Moreover, they reckoned not with the men into whose hand they delivered the money to be bestowed on workmen: for they dealt faithfully.

2 Kings xxii, 7. Howbeit there was no reckoning made with them of the money that was delivered into their hand, because they dealt faithfully.

2 Chron. iv, 18. Thus Solomon

2 Chron. i, 16, 17. And Solomon had horses brought out of Egypt, and linen yarn: the king's merchants received the linen yarn at

to and fro occupied in thy fairs: bright iron, cassia, and calamus, were in thy market. Dedan was thy merchant in precious clothes for chariots. Haran, and Canneh, and Eden, the merchants of Sheba, Asshur, and Chilmad, were thy merchants. These were thy merchants in all sorts of things, in blue clothes, and broidered work, and in chests of rich apparel, bound with cords, and made of cedar, among thy merchandise.

Rev. xvill, 12. The merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stones, and of pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all thyine wood, and all manner vessels of ivory, and all manner vessels of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble.

ACCOUNTS, ETC.

Gen. xli, 49. And Joseph gathered corn as the sand of the sea, very much, until he left numbering; for it was without number.

1 Kings v, 11. And Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand measures of wheat for food to his household, and twenty measures of pure oil: thus gave Solomon to Hiram year by year.

1 Kings vii, 47. And Solomon left all the vessels unweighed, because they were exceeding many: neither was the weight of the brass found out.

1 Kings ix, 10--14. And it came to pass at the end of twenty years, when Solomon had built the two houses, the house of the LORD, and the king's house. (Now Hiram the king of Tyre had furnished Solomon with ced ir trees and fir trees, and with gold, ac

abundance: for the weight of the

brass could not be found out.

SPICES.

Gen. xxxvii, 25. And they sat down to eat bread: and they lifted up their eyes and looked, and; behold, a company of Ishmeelites came from Gilead, with their camels bearing spicery and bilm and myrrh, going to carry it down to Egypt.

Rev. xviil, 13. And cinnamon, and odours, and ointments, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and beasts, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and slaves, and souls of men.

TIMBER

1 Kings v, 6. 8--10. Now therefore command thou that they hew me cedar-trees out of Lebanon; and my servants shall be with thy servants: and unto thee will I give hire for thy servants, according to all that thou shalt appoint: for thou knowest that there is not among us any that can skill to hew timber like unto the Sidonians And Hiram sent to Solomon, saying, I have considered the things which thou sentest to me for: and I will do all thy desire concerning timber of cedar, and concerning timber of fir. My servants shall bring them down from Lebanon unto the sea; and I will convey them by sea in floats unto the place that thou shalt appoint me, and will cause them to be discharged there, and thou shalt receive them: and thou shalt accomplish my desire, in giving food for my household. So IIIram gave Solomon cedar-trees, and fir-trees, according to all his

desire.

brought forth out of Egypt a

chariot for six hundred shekels of silver, and an horse for an hundred and fifty: and so brought they out horses for all the kings of the Hittites, and for the kings of Syria, by their means.

(GRAIN AND LAND, see under AGRICULTURE.)

TRADES.
CHRISTIAN RULE.

1 Cor. iv, 12. And labour, work

ing with our own hands: being reviled, we bless; being persecuted, we suller it.

1 Cor. vii, 17, 20, 24. But as God hath distributed to every man, as the Lord hath called every one, so let him walk: and so ordain Í in all churches. Let every man abide in the same calling wherein he was called. Brethren, let every man, wherein he is called, therein abide with God.

2 Thess. iii, 10-12. For even when we were with you, this we commanded you, that if any would not work, neither should he eat. For we hear that there are some which walk among you disorderly, working not at all, but are busybodies. Now them that are such we command and exhort by our Lord Jesus Christ, that with quietness they work, and eat their own bread.

Titus iii, 14. And let ours also learn to maintain good works for necessary uses, that they be not unfruitful.

Acts xviii, 3. And because he was of the same craft, he abode with them, and wrought: for by their occupation they were tent

bless me.

2 Chron. 11, 8-10, 15, 16. Send me also cedar-trees, fir-trees, and algum-trees, out of Lebanon; (for I know that thy servants can skill to cut timber in Lebanon;) and, behold, my servants shall be with thy servants, Even to prepare me timber in abundance: for the house which I am about to build behold, I will give to thy servants, shall be wonderful great. And, the hewers that twenty thousand cut timber, beaten wheat, and twenty thoumeasures sand measures of barley, and twenty thousand baths of wine, and twenty thousand baths of oil.

of

and the barley, the oil, and the Now therefore the wheat, wine, which my lord hath spoken of, let him send unto his servants: And we will cut wood out of Lebanon, as much as thou shalt need; and we will bring it to thee in flotes by sea to Joppa, and thou shalt carry it up to Jerusalem.

PREPARATION of CLOTHING.

Isa. lix, 6. Their webs shall not become garments, neither shall they cover themselves with their works: their works are works of iniquity, and the act of violence is in their hands.

Matth. ix, 16. No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto an old garment; for that which is put in

familles of the house of them that wrought fine linen, of the house of Ashbea.

eth wool and flax, and worketh Prov. xxxi, 13, 19, 24. She seekwillingly with her hands. She layeth her hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff. She maketh fine linen, aud selleth merchant. it, and delivereth girdles unto the

NEEDLEWORK.

Exod. xxvii, 16. And for the gate of the court shall be an hanging of twenty cubits, of blue, and and their pillars shall be four, and Purple, and scarlet, and fine twined their sockets four. linen, wrought with needlework:

2 Chron. iii, 14. And he made the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson, Wrought cherubims thereon. and fine linen, and

EARTHEN-WARE.

Exod. v, 6-9. And Pharaoh commanded the same day the taskmasters of the people, and their officers, saying, Ye shall no more give the people straw to make brick, as heretofore: let them go and gather straw for themselves. And the tale of the bricks, which they did make heretofore, ye shall lay upon them; ye shall not diminish ought thereof: for they be idle; therefore they cry, saying, laid upon the men, that they may God. Let there more work be labour therein; and let them not regard vain words.

the flesh.

ye have laid in the midst of it. they are the flesh, and this city is the caldron: but I will bring you forth out of the midst of it. This city shall not be your caldron, neither shall ye be the flesh in the midst thereof; but I will judge you in the border of Israel.

Ezek. xxiv, 6, 10. Wherefore thus saith the Lord Gop; Woe to the bloody city, to the pot whose scum is therein, and whose scum is not gone out of it! bring it out piece by piece; let no lot fall upon it. Heap on wood, kindle the fire, consume the flesh, and spice it well, and let the bones be burnt.

Matth. ix, 17. Neither do men put new wine into old bottles; else the bottles break, and the wine runneth out, and the bottles perish: but they put new wine into new bottles, and both are preserved.

ment, and the rent is made worse.

Mark ii, 21. No man also seweth a piece of new cloth on an old garment; else the new piece that filled it up taketh away from the old, and the rent is made worse.

Luke v, 36. And he spake also a parable unto them; No man putteth a piece of a new garment upon an old; if otherwise, then both the new maketh a rent, and the piece that was taken out of the new agreeth not with the old.

SPINNING AND WEAVING. Exod. xxxv, 25. 26. And all the women that were wise-hearted did spin with their hands, and brought that which they had both of blue, and of purple, and of spun, scarlet, and of fine linen. And all the women whose heart stirred them up in wisdom spun goats' hair.

(See under DIET and ARCHITECTURE)

WOOD-CUTTING.

2 Kings vi, 4. So he went with them. And when they came to Jordan, they cut down wood.

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1 Chron. iv, 23. These were the potters, and those that dwelt they dwelt with the king for his among plants and hedges: there work.

it as the breaking of the potter's Isa. xxx, 14. And he shall break Vessel that is broken in pieces; he

shall not spare......

Lam, iv, 2. The precious sons of Zion, comparable to fine gold, how are they esteemed as earthen pitchers, the work of the hands of the potter!

treasure in earthen vessels, that 2 Cor. iv, 7. But we have this the excellency of the power may be of God, and not of us.

LEATHER.

Exod. xxxvi, 19. And he made a covering for the tent of rams' skins dyed red, and a covering of badgers' skins above that.

Acts ix, 43. And it came to pass, that he tarried many days in Joppa with one Simon a tanner.

WORKING IN METALS. Gen. iv, 22. And Zillah, she also bare Tubal-cain, an instructer of

every artificer in brass and fron: [ blue, and in the purple, and in the scarlet, and in the fine linen, with cunning work.

and the sister of Tubal-cain was Naamah.

1 Sam. xiii, 19. Now there was no smith found throughout all the land of Israel; for the Philistines said, Lest the Hebrews make them swords or spears.

1 Kings vii, 45. And the pots, and the shovels, and the basons: and all these vessels, which Hiram made to king Solomon for the house of the LORD, were of bright brass.

2 Chron. iv, 11-17. And Huram made the pots, and the shovels, and the basons. And Huram finished the work that he was to make for king Solomon for the house of God; To wit, the two pillars, and the pommels, and the chapiters which were on the top of the two pillars, and the two wreaths to cover the two pommels of the chapiters which were on the top of the pillars; And four hundred pomegranates on the two wreaths; two rows of pomegranates on each wreath, to cover the two pommels of the chapiters which were upon the pillars. He made also bases, and lavers made he upon the bases; One sea, and twelve oxen under it. The pots also, and the shovels, and the flesh-hooks, and all their instruments, did Huram his father make to king Solomon, for the house of the LORD, of bright brass. In the plain of Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zeredathah.

Neh. ill, 11. Malchijah the son of Harim, and Hashub the son of Pahath-moab, repaired the other piece, and the tower of the fur

naces

Prov. xxv, 4. Take away the dross from the silver, and there shall come forth a vessel for the finer.

Jer. vi, 28. They are all grievous revolters, walking with slanders: they are brass and iron; they are all corrupters.

Ezek. xxil, 19. 20. Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Because ye are all become dross, behold, therefore I will gather you into the midst of Jerusalem. As they gather silver, and brass, and iron, and lead, and tin, into the midst of the furnace, to blow the fire upon it, to melt it; so will I gather you in mine anger and in my fury, and I will leave you there, and melt you.

(See under METALS.)

GOLD AND SILVER SMITHS. Exod. xxxix, 3. And they did beat the gold into thin plates, and cut it into wires, to work it in the

Rev. xviii, 22. ...... And the sound of a millstone shall be heard no more at all in thee.

ROADS.

Isa. xxxiil, 8. The highways lle

Neh. ill, 32. And between the going up of the corner nnto the sheep gate repaired the goldsmiths and the merchants.

Esth. i, 7. And they gave them drink in vessels of gold, (the vesone from sels being diverse another,) and royal wine in abundance, according to the state of the king.

Isa. ii, 7. Their land also is full of silver and gold, neither is there any end of their treasures. . . .

LAMPS AND CANDLES.

Job xii, 5 He that is ready to slip with his feet is as a lamp despised in the thought of him that

is at ease.

Luke xi, 33. No man, when he hath lighted a candle, putteth it in a secret place, neither under a bushel, but on a candlestick, that they which come in may see the light.

Rev. xviil, 23. And the light of a candle shall shine no more at all in thee.....

CARVING.

1 Kings x, 18-20. Moreover, the king made a great throne of ivory, and overlaid it with the best gold. The throne had six steps, and the top of the throne was round behind: and there were stays on either side on the place of the seat, and two lions stood beside the stays. And twelve lions stood there on the one side and on the other upon the six steps: there was not the like made in any kingdom.

JEWELRY.

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Isa. xlix, 11. And I will make all my mountains a way and my highways shall be exalted.

Isa. Ivil, 14. And shall say, Cast ye up, cast ye up, prepare the way, take up the stumbling-block out of the way of my people.

Jer. xxxi, 21. Set thee up way. marks, make thee high heaps: set thine heart toward the high

way......

Job xix, 8. He hath fenced up my way that I cannot pass, and he hath set darkness in my paths.

Prov. lii, 23. Then shalt thou walk in my way safely, and thy foot shall not stumble.

Prov. iv, 26, 27. Ponder the path of thy feet, and let all thy ways be established. Turn not to the right hand nor to the left: remove thy foot from evil.

Prov. xvi, 17. The highway of the upright is to depart from evil: he that keepeth his way preserveth his soul.

Isa. xxxv, 8. And an highway shall be there, and a way, and it shall be called The way of holl

Ps. lxiv, 5. They encourage themselves in an evil matter: they commune of laying snares privily; they say, Who shall see them?

Ps. cxix, 110. The wicked have laid a snare for me: yet I erred not from thy precepts.

Ps. cxli, 9. Keep me from the snares which they have laid for me, and the gins of the workers of iniquity.

Ps. cxlii, 3. When my spirit was overwhelmed within me, then thou knewest my path: in the way wherein I walked have they privily laid a snare for me.

Isa. xxiv, 17. Fear, and the pit,

Jer. xxviii, 12, 13. Then the word of the LORD came unto Jeremiah the prophet, (after that Hananiah the prophet had broken the yoke from off the neck of the prophet Jeremiah.) saying, Go and tell Hananiah, saying, Thus saith the LORD, Thou hast broken the yokes of wood; but thon shalt make for them yokes of iron.

Jer. 1, 24. I have laid a snare for thee, and thou art also taken, O Babylon, and thou wast not aware; thou art found, and also caught, because thou hast striven against the LORD.

Lam. iii, 47. Fear and a snare is come upon us, desolation and destruction.

(See under ANIMALS.)

Gen. xxxvii, 24. And they took him, and cast him into a pit: and the pit was empty, there was no water in it.

Job vi, 27. Yea, ye overwhelm the fatherless, and ye dig a pit for your friend.

Job xviii, 8. For he is cast into a net by his own feet, and he walketh upon a snare.

Ps. ix, 15. The heathen are sunk down in the pit that they made: in the net which they hid is their own foot taken.

Ps xxv, 15. Mine eyes are ever towards the LORD, for he shall pluck my feet out of the net.

Ps. XXXV, 7. For without cause have they hid for me their net in a pit, which without cause they have digged for my soul.

Ps. lvii, 6. They have prepared a net for my steps; my soul is bowed down: they have digged a pit before me, in the midst whereof they are fallen themselves. Selah.

Ps. cxix, 85. The proud have digged pits for me, which are not after thy law.

Ps. cxl, 5. The proud have hid a snare for me, and cords; they have spread a net by the wayside: they have set gins for me. Selah.

Ps. cxli, 10. Let the wicked fall into their own nets, whilst that I withal escape.

Prov. xii, 12. The wicked desireth the net of evil men: but the root of the righteous yieldeth fruit.

Jer. xli, 7, 9. And it was so. when they came into the midst of

me.

(NAVIGATION, see under WATER.)

COMMON CUSTOM OF CARRYING PRESENTS. Gen. xxiv, 29, 30. And Rebekah Laban: and Laban ran out unto had a brother, and his name was the man unto the well. And it came to pass, when he saw the ear-ring, and bracelets upon his sister's hands, and when he heard the words of Rebekah his sister, saying, Thus spake the man unto me, that he came unto the man; and, behold, he stood by the

camels at the well.

And she said, These six measures of barley gave he me; for he said to me, Go not empty unto thy mother-in-law.

an ass laden with bread, and a 1 Sam. xvi, 20. And Jesse took them by David his son unto Saul. bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent

lord the king take and offer up 2 Sam. xxiv, 22, 23. And Araunah said unto David, Let my hold, here be oxen for burnt sacriwhat seemeth good unto him: befice, and threshing instruments and other instruments of the oxen

Araunah, as a king, give unto the for wood. All these things did the king, The LORD thy God king. And Araunah said unto accept thee.

1 Chron. xxi, 23. And Ornan and let my lord the king do that said unto David, Take it to thee, give thee the oxen also for burnt which is good in his eyes: lo, I offerings, and the threshing instruments wheat for the meat offering: I give for wood, and the it all.

Job xli, 11. Then came there unto him all his brethren, and all his sisters, and all they that had been of his acquaintance before, and did eat bread with him in his house; and they bemoaned him, and comforted him over all the upon him: every man also gave evil that the LORD had brought him a piece of money, and every one an ear-ring of gold.

Tyre shall be there with a gift; Ps. xlv, 12. And the daughter of even the rich among the people shall entreat thy favour.

Prov. xviii, 16. A man's gift maketh room for him, and bringeth him before great meu.

Gen. xxxili, 8. And he said, What meanest thou by all this drove which I met? And he said, These are to find grace in the sight of my Lord.

Gen. xlv, 23. And to his father he sent after this manner; ten of Egypt, and ten she-asses laden asses laden with the good things with corn and bread and meat for his father by the way.

Dedan were thy merchants; many Ezek. xxvii, 15. The men of isles were the merchandise of thine hand: they brought thee for a present horns of ivory and ebony.

Micah 1, 14. Therefore shalt thou give presents to Moreshethgath: the houses of Achzib shall be a lie to the kings of Israel.

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1 Sam. xxx, 26-31. And when David came to Ziklag, he sent of the spoil unto the elders of Judah, even to his friends, saying, Behold a present for you of the spoil of the enemies of the LORD; To them which were in Beth-el, and to them which were in south Ramoth, and to them which were in Jattir, And to them which were in Aroer, and to them which were in Siphmoth, and to them which were in Eshtemoa, And to them which were in Rachal, and to them which were in the cities of the Jeralimeelites, and to them which were in the cities of the Kenites, And to them which were in Hormah, and to them which were in Chor-ashan, and to them which were in Athach, And to them which were in Hebron, and to all the places where David

ten bulls, twenty she-asses, and ten foals. And he delivered them into the hand of his servants, every drove by themselves; and said unto his servants, Pass over before me, and put a space betwixt drove and drove. And he commanded the foremost, saying, When Esau my brother meeteth thee, and asketh thee, saying, Whose art thou? and whither goest thou? and whose are these before thee? Then thou shalt say, They be thy servant Jacob's; it is a present sent unto my lord Esau: and, behold, also he is behind us. And so commanded he the second, and the third, and all that follow ed the droves, saying, On this manner shall ye speak unto Esau when ye find him. So went the present over before him; and himself lodged that night in the com

himself and his men were wont to pany. haunt.

2 Sam. xvi, 1, 4 And when David was a little past the top of the hill, behold, Ziba the servant of Mephibosheth met him, with a couple of asses saddled, and upon them two hundred loaves of bread, and an hundred bunches of raisins, and an hundred of summer fruits, and a bottle of wine. Then said the king to Ziba, Behold, thine are all that pertained unto Mephibosheth. And Ziba said, I humbly beseech thee that I may find grace in thy sight, my lord, O king.

2 Kings v, 23, 24. And Naaman said, Be content, take two talents. And he urged him, and bound two talents of silver in two bags, with two changes of garments, and and laid them upon two of his servants; and they bare them before him. And when he came to the tower, he took them from their hand, and bestowed them in the house; and he let the men go, and they departed.

2 Kings vili, 8. And the king said unto Hazael, Take a present in thine hand, and go, meet the man of God, and enquire of the LORD by him, saying, Shall I recover of this disease.

4 Gen. xli, 15, 25, 26. And the men took that present, and they took double money in their hand, and Benjamin; and rose up, and went down to Egypt, and stood before Joseph. And they made ready the present against Joseph came at noon: for they heard that they should eat bread there. And when Joseph came home, they brought him the present which was in their hand into the house, and bowed themselves to him to the earth.

1 Sam. xxv, 18, 27. Then Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, and two bottles of wine, and five sheep ready dressed, and five measures of parched corn, and an hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid them on asses. now this blessing which thine handmaid hath brought unto my lord, let it even be given unto the young men that follow my lord.

AND AS COMPLIMENTS.

And

sald, Nay, I pray thee, if now I have found grace in thy sight, then receive my present at my hand; for therefore I have seen thy face, as though I had seen the face of God, and thou wast pleased with me. Take, I pray thee, my blessing that is brought to thee; because God hath dealt graciously with me, and because I have enough. And he urged him, and he took it.

1 Kings x, 10, 13. And she gave talents of gold, and of spices very the king an hundred and twenty great store, and precious stones: there came no more such abundance of spices as these which the queen of Sheba gave to king Solomon. And king Solomon gave unto the queen of Sheba all her desire, whatsoever she asked besides that which Solomon gave her of his royal bounty. So she turned, and went to her own country, she and her servants.

2 Chron. ix, 9, 12. And she gave the king an hundred and twenty talents of gold, and of spices great abundance, and precious stones: neither was there any such spice as the queen of Sheba gave king And king Solomon Solomon. gave to the queen of Sheba all her desire, whatsoever she asked, be sides that which she had brought unto the king. So she turned, and

went away to her own land, she

and her servants.

Isa. xxxix, 1. At that time Merodach-baladan, the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present to Hezekiab: for he had heard that he had been sick, and was recovered.