The Lehigh Valley: A Natural and Environmental History

acres agricultural Allentown American American kestrel amphibians aquatic Berks County Bethlehem birds Blue Mountain called cement Center chapter chestnut chestnut oak common continued Creek deciduous deciduous forest Delaware River Dendroica early Eastern Easton edge environment environmental farms field fish floodplains flowers frog Game Geologic habitats Harrisburg Hawk Mountain hemlock Indian industrial insects invaders invertebrates lake land landscape larvae lawn Lehigh and Northampton Lehigh Canal Lehigh County Lehigh River Lehigh Valley limestone located major mammals maple meadows miles mixed oak forest Moravian moth museum native nest Northampton County Northern Park patterns Penn Pennsylvania percent plants and animals Poconos ponds population region ridge Road rock Route salamander season shrew shrubs slopes snake soil South Mountain sparrow species spring stream swamps temperature trail trees Trexler turtle types typical valley's vegetation visitors warbler wetlands wild wildlife Wind Gap woodland woodlots woods