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And from him the first month of the Roman year was denominated Januarius: Ovid calls him "O principium Deorum!

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V. M. Eis, ONE: Kugios, THE LORD. Hesychius also explains the article I, by , One; referring to Hom. Iliad, vi. 422.

Οι μεν παντες ΙΩ κιον ΗΜΑΤΙ Αιδος εισα

"They all, in one day, went into Hades," i. e, were slain.

Thus following the ancient scholiast, who explains μati, by εν μια ημερα : while to mark, as it seems, its descent from Ia, he renders the same phrase Ia uari, afterwards, Ev Tη autḥ nμega, “in the same day."

And that this was the leading idea attached to the name of God, IAN, IETN; ZAE, or ΖΕΥΣ by the earliest Greek writers, will appear from the following instances:

*

When

The later Greek philosophers derived the name of their Supreme God Zeus from Lew, " to glow or be hot," evidently referring it to the Sun. As Macrobius expressly states: "Nec 1PSE JUPITER, Rex Deorum, SOLIS na"turam excedere videtur."-" Not even Jupiter himself, "the King of gods, seems to rise above the Sun's nature,"

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When the Oracle of the Clarian Apollo (founded, it is said, at Claros, a city of Ionia,

not

*ture." Sat. i. 23. But the Greek Zeus is more rationally derived from the Hebrew mm, the most sacred name of God; which, by the Phanicians, was pronounced Iɛʊw, (as we learn from a fragment of Sanchoniatho, preserved by Scaliger De Emend. temp. Fragm. p. 37); whence Isus, by changing the Hebrew termination 1, or 2, into the ancient Median or Greek Σ; and thence Zeus, by transposition of kindred consonants I and Z, all over the world: thus Zemindar, "a farmer," is pronounced at present, in the vulgar dialect of Hindostan, Iemindar; and the Saxon Zour is the present English Your.

And that this is the true derivation of Zeus, we learn from Euripides, by whom it is substituted as equivalent to I, the abridgment of Izw, (the most ancient pronunciation of m', IAHOH). Medea, 148.-1251.

Αιες ω ΖΕΥ, και ΓΑ, και ΦΩΣ,
Ιαχαν διαν ὁ δυςανος μέλπει νυμφα!

"Hear, O JOVE, and EARTH, and LIGHT: "What a frantic wish does this wretched Bride "whine !"

ΙΩ, ΓΑ τε, και παμφαής ακτις
ΑΕΛΙΟΥ, κατείδετε, είδετε ταν
Ολομεναν γυναίκα, πριν φοινιαν
Τεκνοις προσβάλειν χερ' αυτοκτονον..

not far from Colophon, by Manto the daughter of Tiresias, in the second Theban war; and

conse

"Jove, and EARTH, and All-illumining Ray
Of THE SUN, look down, behold

"This wretched woman, before her bloody

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Self-murderous hand, she on her children lay.”

Here I, in the second parallel invocation, (which by the Editors is most unskilfully degraded into a mere interjection Oh!) plainly corresponds to ZEY, in the first; the other Divinities, the Earth, and Light, or Ray of the Sun, being the same in both; and Euripides, Baccha, 583, has given us the true rendering of In, namely Acorns, " Master," or "Lord," in the exclamation of the Bacchanals, ΙΩ, ΙΩ, Δεσποτα! Δεσποτα! Exactly according with the Septuagint; which expresses pm in Greek characters, IN-ZEAEK, "THE LORD

OF RIGHTOUSNESS," Jer. xxiii. 6, and which renders mm, or IN, by Aɛσñoтns, Prov. xxix. 26, and generally by Kup, which is synonymous therewith.

The Latin Jupiter is usually derived from Zeus, or from Juvans Pater; but its true descent is from Iw; for the nominative was originally IOVIS, as it occurs in Ennius, and is found since on ancient coins, IOVIS CUSTOS. See Parkhurst, H. L. p. 174. And it actually appears in the radical part of the oblique cases, Io-vis, lo-vi, Io-vem, &c. and is fully confirmed by Virgil, En. x. 17.

IO-PATER, Io-Hominum Divumque æterna potestas! in which, this consummate antiquary has given the true

composition

consequently in the heroic age) was consulted which of the Gods is He to be accounted who is called IA, the oracular response is thus preserved by Macrobius, Saturnal. i. 18.

Όργια μεν δεδαωτας έχρη νηπευθεα κεύδειν
Εν δ' απατη παυρη συνεσις και νας αλαπαδνος

Φράζεο

composition of Jupiter, in Io-pater, Io!—with equal unskilfulness, degraded by the Editors with two interjections: O Pater! O!The root is preserved, in the phrases Io, Bacche! Io triumphe!

The Latin Deus, is usually derived from the Greek,

; but more naturally from Zeus, which in the Doric or Eolic dialect, (the parent of the Latin,) was Acus. Hesychius.

These emendations, (which, though novel, are not, I trust, fanciful or unsatisfactory,) may serve to shew the importance of Oriental etymology, when cautiously applied, to explain and illustrate the Greek and Latin classics; and on the other hand, several elementary Hebrew terms, whose leading or radical significations are not to be found in the present scanty stock of themes, furnished by the single volume of the Old Testament, and which are not satisfactorily supplied even by the kindred Oriental dialects, may sometimes be found in the more copious remains of the ancient Greek language; as well as the Latin or Teutonic: in all which a considerable analogy has lately been traced to the Sanscrit, or ancient Syriac, by the curious and successful researches of Jones, Halhed, Wilkins, and Wilford.

Φράζεο τον πάντων ὑπατον Θεον εμμενΙΑΩ

Χειματι μεν τ' ΑΙΔΗΝ ΔΙΑ δ' έαρος αρχομενθιο d'eapos ΗΕΛΙΟΝ δε θερευς-Μετοπωρα δ' αθρον ΙΑΩ·

"The initiated are bound to conceal Orgies not to be " inquired into:

"But in disguise is small understanding and a feeble' "mind.

“Learn then, that IAHOH is GOD SUPREME OF

"ALL:

“In Winter, PLUTO; DIS when Spring begins;

The SUN in Summer; in Autumn, bounteous IA"HOH," or [LACcnus.]

On the authority of which, according to Macrobius, was founded the following Orphic

verse:

Εἰς ΖΕΥΣ, εἷς ΑΔΗΣ, εις ΗΛΙΟΣ, εις ΔΙΟΝΥΣΟΣ "One Jove, One PLUTO, One SUN, One BACCHUS."

In this curious and valuable commentary on the oracle, 1. AIE is expressed by ZETE; and 'ACgos IAS," the Bounteous or Festive "God of Autumn," by BACCHUS; whose Grecian title, ΔΙΟΝΥΣΟΣ, is best perhaps explained by Macrobius, AIOE NOTE, “The "Mind of Jove," whence I strongly suspect that IA, the last word of the Oracle, was originally IAXON, the "Mystical Iacchus" before mentioned. 2. It is remarkable, that

all

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