dunt itaque misericorditer infirmitatibus peccatorum, ac propterea viam struunt faciliorem et certiorem quo poterunt ad alliciendos in rectam semitam peccatores. Quoniam igitur via contritionis, seu attritionis formatæ, non minus est dura, quam incerta peccatoribus, idcirco viam hanc alteram, per sacramentorum susceptionem, multo mitiorem et securiorem docent, utpote ob quam nihil exigitur, nisi ut non ponatur obex, vel infidelitatis, vel peccati mortalis." Joan. Fisher Roffens. Ep. adv. Luther. Art. I. Opp. Wirceb. 1597. p. 339.

6" Dico ergo, peccata remitti per hoc sacramentum in voto, quia hoc sacramentum ita nunc est institutum ut ejus susceptio pertineat ad integram dispositionem, seu satisfactionem, ex parte nostra necessariam ad remissionem peccati: nan hinc fit ut quamvis remittatur peccatum existente sola contritione, semper id fiat in ordine ad confessionem." (Disputationum in 3. P. Div. Thom. Autore P. D. F. Suarez. e Soc. Jes. Lugdun. 1603. tom. IV. p. 272.)" Tertia expositio est Caietani dict. q. 84. art. 1. qui distinguit triplicem attritionem. Una est, quæ cum voto sacramenti, ante illum in re susceptum sufficit ad justificationem, et tanta est, inquit, ut ex voto sacramenti fiat contritio." Ibid. p. 284.

7" Sunt enim nonnulli, qui propterea hæc tam temere loquuntur, et in barathrum cupiditatum suarum miserabiliter labuntur, eo quod divinorum præceptorum transgressores, sanctæque Dei Ecclesiæ dehonoratores atque expoliatores non continuo puniantur: non animadvertentes, neque animadvertere volentes, quod Deus nullum peccatum inultum dimissurus sit." (Epist. Synod. Aquisgran. II. ad

Pippinum. c. I. (A. D. 836.) Labb. et Coss. VII. 1729.

æр

Ne ænig man mid unandettan hearod leahtrum hurles ne abýɲize· ac andette J bete æn he hurel icze. (Bibl. Bodl. MSS. Junii 99. Lupi Episc. Hom. f. 41.) Let no man with unconfessed heavy sins taste the Eucharist, but let him confess and amend ere he take the Eucharist. Bishop Lupus lived at the beginning of the eleventh cen

tury.

9 Donne man to his serifte ganze þænne rcèal he mid rpipe micelan zoder eze· 7 mid micelɲe eadmodnýrre beoropan him hine relpne apenian⚫

hine biddan pepende rterne he him dæd-bote tæce þara zýlta þe he onzean goder pillan zedon hæbbe he rceal him andettan his misdæda þ re racend pite hpilce dæd-bote he him tæcan rceale. (Brit. Mus. MSS. Cotton. Tiberius, A. 3. f. 94.) When a man goes to his confessor, then shall he, with very great fear of God, and with great humility, prostrate himself before him, and pray him, with weeping voice, that he would teach him the satisfaction of the guiltinesses which he has done against God's will; and he shall confess to him his misdeeds, that the priest may know what satisfaction he shall teach him. See also the 30th inter Capitula Incerta Editionis. Spelman. Conc. I. 605. Bed. Eccl. Hist. IV. 25. in edit. Wheloc. p. 336.

Capit. XI. Ut in capite jejunii omnes publice pœnitentes in civitate veniant ante fores ecclesiæ nudis pedibus, et cilicio induti Episcopo suo se repræsentent. In capite quadragesimæ omnes pœnitentes qui publicam suscipiunt, aut susceperunt,

pœnitentiam, ante fores ecclesiæ se repræsentent Episcopo sacco induti, vultibus in terram prostratis, reos se esse ipso habitu et vultu proclamantes. Ibi adesse debent archipresbyteri parochiarum, id est, presbyteri pœnitentium, qui eorum conversationem diligenter inspicere debent: et secundum modum culpæ pœnitentiam per præfixos gradus injungant. Post hæc in Ecclesiam eos introducat, et cum omni clero septem pœnitentiales psalmos in terram prostratus, cum lachrymis pro eorum absolutione decantet. Tunc resurgens ab oratione, juxta quod canones jubent, manus eis imponat, aquam benedictam super eos spargat, cinerem prius mittat. Deinde cilicio capita eorum cooperiat, et cum gemitu, et crebris suspiriis eis denuntiet; quod sicut Adam projectus est de paradiso, ita et ipsi pro peccatis ab Ecclesia abjiciuntur. Post hæc jubeat ministris, ut eos extra januam Ecclesiæ expellant. Clerus vero prosequitur eos cum responsorio, In sudore vultus tui &c. Ut videntes sanctam Ecclesiam pro facinoribus suis tremefactam atque commotam, non parvipendant pœnitentiam. In sacra autem Domini Coena rursus ab eorum presbyteris Ecclesiæ luminibus repræsentur." (Capitula Theodori Archiep. Cantuar. ex edit. Jac. Petit. p. 21.) See also Du Pin's New Eccl. Hist. VI. 47.

"In the first among king Alfred's ecclesiastical laws, which is against the wilful violation of solemn engagements justly and lawfully contracted, it is decreed, that every such violator should be detained forty days in the king's prison, and popige þær rpa birceop him rcpire suffer there, as the bishop shall shrive him. (i. e. enjoin him, upon his confession.)

The seventh among Æthelstan's ecclesiastical laws denies Christian burial to any person, convicted of perjury, unless he have given satisfaction, i. e. done penance for his offence, according to the directions of his confessor, rpa hir serift him sife as his shriver has shriven him, and his repift shriver have certified, within thirty nights, to the bishop, that he is willing to give satisfaction. If a perjurer should have failed to obey the directions of his ordinary priest within that time, the bishop was to decide upon his penance.

The third of Edgar's ecclesiastical laws restrains any one of the king's household, who might have shed a Christian's blood, from appearing in the royal presence ere he has done penance, as the bishop may have taught him, and his confessor directed him. Spelman, Conc. 365, 400, 420.

13 66

Capitula collecta ex fragmentis. Cap. 35. Confessio Deo soli, si necesse est, agi licet." Pœnitentiale Theodori, Archiep. Cantuar. Lut. Par. 1677. tom. I. p. 47.

This canon gave naturally considerable offence, on its publication, to those who were zealous for the Romish sacrament of penance, and Theodore's authority was accordingly treated in such quarters rather contemptuously. His editor, M. Petit, however, justifies him satisfactorily from the charge of innovation, in a second volume which he eventually published.

13 "XXXIII. Quidam Deo solummodo confiteri debere dicunt peccata, quidam vero sacerdotibus confitenda esse percensent: quod utrumque non sine magno fructu intra sanctam fit ecclesiam. Ita dumtaxat ut et Deo, qui remissor est peccatorum,

U

confiteamur peccata nostra, et cum David dicamus, Delictum meum cognitum tibi feci, et injustitiam meam non abscondi. Dixi, Confitebor adversum me injustitias meas Domino, et tu remisisti impietatem peccati mei: et secundum institutionem Apostoli, Confiteamur altereutrum peccata nostra, et oremus pro invicem ut salvemur. Confessio itaque quæ Deo fit purgat peccata; ea vero quæ sacerdoti fit, docet qualiter ipsa purgentur peccata. Deus namque salutis et sanitatis auctor et largitor, plerumque hanc præbet suæ potentiæ invisibili administratione, plerumque medicorum operatione.” Conc. Cabilon. II. (A. D. 813.) Labb. et Coss. VII. 1279.

14 Nam secreta satisfactione solvi mortalia crimina non negamus. Cotidiana vero leviaque peccata, sine quibus hæc vita non ducitur, dominica oratione purgantur, quorum est dicere, Dimitte nobis, sicut et nos dimittimus." Brit. Mus. MSS. Cotton. Tiberius, C. I. f. 144.

15 Seventhly, through penitence, (dædbote,) as David saith, I am turned in my sorrow, when my back is broken: as if he said, So soon as I give over my pride and my vices, and accomplish repentance and satisfaction for them, ( heoɲa hɲeorunze 7 dædbote do,) before God, so have I forgiveness. (Capit. incert. edit. c. 37. Spelman, Conc. p. 612.) These canons are taken from the Capitulars of Theodulf, bishop of Orleans. The passage cited from David here is the latter clause in the fourth verse of the thirty-second Psalm, rendered in our authorized version, "My moisture is turned into the drought of summer." (Conversus est succus meus in siccitatem æstivam. Vulg. Venet. 1542.