Franklin, Benjamin, uncle of Benjamin,

10, 11, 14.

Franklin, Abiah (Folger), mother of Ben-
jamin, 12, 17.

Franklin, Benjamin, ancestry and pa-
rentage, 9-13; birth, 12 and note;
schooling, 13, 14; learning his father's
trade of tallow-chandler, 14-18; an
early instance of misdirected public
spirit, 15; his indifference in regard to
his food, 16, 17; fondness for reading,
19, 20; becomes an apprentice in his
brother James's printing-office, 19, 20;
writes and sells ballads, 20; practices
prose-writing, 20-23; becomes a vege-
tarian, 23, 24; his studies, 24, 25;
writes for the New England Courant,
27, 28; his disputes with his brother
James, 28-30; a new arrangement
with his brother, 29; asserts his free-
dom and goes to New York, 29, 30; the
journey from New York to Philadel-
phia, 31-35; first day in Philadelphia,
35-37; finds employment and lodgings,
37-39; urged by the governor to set
up a printing business in Philadelphia,
40, 41; goes home with a letter from
the governor to his father, 41, 42; his
father refusing, on account of his
youth, to set him up in business, he
returns to Philadelphia, 42-45; rela-
tions with Collins, 46, 47; promises of
assistance from the governor, 47, 48;
vegetarianism and argument, 48-51; be-
comes attached to Miss Deborah Read,
50; his acquaintances in Philadelphia,
50-53; on the governor's assurances of
financial assistance he sails for London
to buy an outfit for his printing-office,
53-55; arrival in London and disclos-
ure of Governor Keith's faithlessness,
56, 57; finds employment at Palmer's
printing-house, 58, 59; makes acquain-
tances, 59, 60; breaks with his friend
James Ralph, 61; enters Watts's print-
ing-house, 61; his temperate habits,
61-63; his lodgings, 63-65; his swim-
ming powers, 65-68; enters the em-
ployment of Mr. Denham, a Philadel-
phia merchant, and sails for America,
67, 68; as a merchant's clerk in Phila-
delphia, 70; very ill of pleurisy, 71; by
the death of Mr. Denham he is thrown
out of his situation, and he again
enters the printing-house of his old em-
ployer, Keimer, 71; is discharged by
Keimer without cause, but is after-
wards reëngaged, 74-76; agrees to a
partnership with Hugh Meredith in
a printing business, 75; makes friends
in New Jersey, 76, 77; morality and
religion, 77-79; leaves Keimer and
starts business with Meredith, 79, 80;
forms a debating club called the Junto,
80-82; industry in business, 82, 83;
starts a newspaper, The Pennsylvania
Gazette, 83, 84; increasing business,

85, 86; his partnership with Meredith
is dissolved, and with the assistance of
friends he continues the business alone,
86-88; advocates an increase of the pa-
per currency, 88, 89; growing business,
89-91; courtship and marriage, 92-94;
establishes the first subscription library
in America, 94-98; assisted by the in-
dustry and frugality of his wife, 99;
his religious beliefs, 99-101; his plan of
moral improvement, 101-114; his pro-
ject of founding an international so-
ciety or sect for the practice of virtue,
115-117; publication and success of
Poor Richard's Almanac, 118-119; his
manner of conducting his newspaper.
119; sends one of his journeymen to
South Carolina under a partnership
arrangement, 120; his relations with
Rev. Mr. Hemphill, 121; learning lan-
guages, 122, 123; visits Boston and
Newport, 124; loses his little boy, 124;
brings about the enlargement of the
Junto's usefulness by the formation of
subordinate clubs, 125, 126; chosen
clerk of the General Assembly of
Pennsylvania, 126; turns an enemy
into a friend, 126, 127; is made post-
master at Philadelphia, 127; accom-
plishes the reform of the city watch,
128; through his instrumentality a fire
department is organized, 129, 130; his
acquaintance with the Rev. George
Whitefield, 133, 134; increasing pros-
perity, 136; forms partnerships in other
colonies, 137; starts a movement for an
academy, 138; establishes the Ameri-
can Philosophical Society, 138; his
successful efforts in behalf of the pub-
lic defence, 138-145; his rule as to
public office, 141; invents the Frank-
lin stove, or Pennsylvania fireplace,
147, 148; founds an academy, which
afterwards became the University of
Philadelphia and finally the University
of Pennsylvania, 149-152; takes Mr.
David Hall into partnership to man-
age his business, 151; elected to mem-
bership in the Assembly and other
offices, 152, 153; furthers Dr. Thomas
Bond's plans for a hospital in Phila-
delphia, 154-157; advice to a solicitor
of subscriptions, 157, 158; his share in
bringing about the paving, cleaning,
and lighting of Philadelphia streets,
159-161; his project for the clean-
ing of London streets, 161-164; post-
master-general for America jointly
with Mr. William Hunter, 165; takes
a journey to New England, where he
receives the degree of Master of Arts
from Harvard College, 165, 166; ap-
pointed one of the commissioners
to arrange an alliance with the Six
Nations, 166; his plan for a union of
the colonies, 166-168; his pleasant re-
lations with Governor Morris, 169, 170;

his services in procuring money from
the Assembly to be used by the gov-
ernment of Massachusetts in an attack
upon the French, 172, 173; procures
transport wagons and supplies for Gen-
eral Braddock's expedition against
Fort Duquesne, 173-180; his unheeded
warning to Braddock, 180, 181; recom-
mendatory letters from Braddock,
184; partially successful efforts to se-
cure the return of servants which had
been enlisted in the army, 184; diffi-
culties with the owners of transport
wagons, 185; forebodings as to the
outcome of the expedition, 185, 186;
appointed on a commission to spend an
appropriation for the defence of the
Province, 188; promotes the formation
of a militia, 188, 195; raises troops
and commands an expedition to build
a line of forts against the Indians, 188-
193; colonel in the militia, 195, 196;
incurs the enmity of the proprietor of
the Province, 196, 197; his relations
with Governor Morris, 197, 198; his
electrical experiments and discoveries,
199-203; chosen a member of the
Royal Society, 203; receives a medal
from the Royal Society, 203; his first
meeting and subsequent relations with
Governor Denny, 203-205; appointed
agent of the Province of Pennsylvania
to present and support its petition to
the crown against the Penn family,
205; his relations with General Lord
Loudoun, 206-212; delayed in starting
for London and on the voyage by Lord
Loudoun's indecision and procrastina-
tion, 207-209; unsuccessful efforts to
secure reimbursement for money ad-
vanced to buy provisions, etc., for the
army, 211, 212; events of the voyage,
212-216; lands at Falmouth_and pro-
ceeds to London, 216; visits Dr. Foth-
ergill and Mr. Peter Collinson, 217;
his conversation with Lord Granville,
217, 218; his negotiations with the
proprietaries, 218-223; his stay in
England, 223-231; makes purchases
for his wife, 224-226; makes friends
in England, 227; visits his ancestral
home, 227, 228; his ideas as to the im-
portance of America to England, 228,
229; advice to Mary Stevenson as to
reading, 229, 230; returns to America,
231, 232; makes a tour through the
northern colonies to inspect and regu-
late the postal system, 232; his services
during the riots of the "Paxton Boys"
against the converted Indians, 233;
a short period of unpopularity, 234;
again sent to England as agent for the
Province, 234; his services to the col-
onies, 234-237; makes purchases for
his wife, 235, 236; returns to America,
237; unanimously chosen a delegate to
the Continental Congress, 237; letter

to Mr. William Strahan, 237; letter to
another English acquaintance, 237;
goes to Canada as one of three commis
sioners to solicit assistance, 238; takes
part in the discussions leading to the
Declaration of Independence, 238, 239;
represents the United States in France,
240-242; his personal appearance at
this time, 241; one of the peace com-
mission, 241, 242; a letter to Mrs.
Hewson, 241; a letter to his daughter,
242; returns to America and is made
president of the State of Pennsylvania,
243; last years, 243; death, 244; his
epitaph, 244.

Franklin, Mrs. Benjamin, her married
life, 94; her death, 94 n., 241; her in-
dustry and frugality, 99; 223; Frank-
lin's letters to, 224, 227, 235; 232. See
Read, Miss Deborah.

Franklin, James, brother of Benjamin,
19, 23, 24; publishes the New England
Courant, 26, 27; his treatment of his
brother Benjamin, 28; trouble with
the authorities, 28, 29; makes another
arrangement with Benjamin, 29; Ben-
jamin leaves him, 30; 42; reconcilia-
tion with Benjamin, 124.
Franklin, John, brother of Benjamin,
18, 43.

Franklin, John, uncle of Benjamin,
9, 10.

Franklin, Josiah, father of Benjamin,
10, 11; emigrates to New England, 12;
his family, 12; 13-15; his person and
character, 15, 16; his grave, 17; 18-
23, 28, 30, 42, 43.

Franklin, Samuel, first cousin of Benja
min, 18.

Franklin, Samuel, second cousin of Ben-
jamin, 10.

Franklin, Sarah, daughter of Benjamin,
226, 227, 232, 236; a letter from her
father, 242.

Franklin, Thomas, grandfather of Benja-
min, 9, 10.

Franklin, Thomas, uncle of Benjamin,
10, 227, 228.

Franklin, William, son of Benjamin, ap-
pointed clerk to the General Assembly
of Pennsylvania, 153; 176, 188, 216,
223-225; his marriage and appointment
as governor of New Jersey, 232 n.
Franklin family, the, 9-12.
Franklin stove, the, 147, 148.
French, Colonel, of Newcastle, 40, 55.

Georgia, settlement of, 132, 133.
Gnadenhut, 188-194.
Godfrey, Thomas, 79, 81, 92, 93.
Godfrey, Mrs. Thomas, 92, 93.
Gordon, Major, Governor of Pennsyl
vania, 70.

Grace, Robert, 82; his kindness to
Franklin, 87; manufactures the Frank-
lin stove, 147.

Granville, Lord, 217, 218.

Halifax, 209.

Hall, David, taken into partnership with
Franklin, 151.

Hamilton, Andrew, 55, 57, 86, 89.

lin as colonial agent in, 216-231, 234-
237.

Lor, M. de, 202.

Lotteries, 142 and note.

169.

Louisburg, 209.

Lutwidge, Captain, 213.
Lyons, a surgeon, 59.

Macclesfield, Lord, 203.
Madeira, 231.

Stevenson), a letter from Franklin,
241.

Holmes, Captain Robert, 39-42.
House, George, 79.

Hume, David, 184.

Humility, 104, 112-114.
Hunter, William, 165.

Indians, a treaty with, 153; their fond-
ness for rum, 153, 154; conference
with the chiefs of the Six Nations, 166,
167; in the French and Indian War,
180-183, 188-192, 209; massacres of
converted, 233.

Innis, a Philadelphia messenger, 208.

Jefferson, Thomas, 238.

John Thompson, Hatter, Franklin's an-
ecdote, 238, 239.

Junto, the, organization of, 80-82; 88,
89, 94, 95, 113, 119; foundation of sub-
ordinate clubs, 125, 126; 128, 129,
138 n., 149.

Keimer, Samuel, the printer, 37-41, 48;
his arguments with Franklin, 49; pro-
poses founding a new sect, 49; as a
vegetarian, 49, 50; 70; engages Frank-
lin to manage his printing-house, 71;
72, 73; picks a quarrel with Franklin
and discharges him, 74; his financial
condition, 75; reëngages Franklin,
75, 76; 82-84; fails and goes to Bar-
badoes, 90, 91.

Keith, Sir William, Governor of Penn-
sylvania, 40-43; proposes to set Frank-
lin up as a printer, 47, 48; his post-
poned promises to Franklin, 53, 54;
his faithlessness discovered, 56, 57;
70, 78.

Kennedy, Captain, 213, 215.
Kennedy, Mr., 166.

King of Denmark, the, 98.
Kinnersley, Ebenezer, 199, 200.

Kite, Franklin's experiment with a,
202.

Lamps, street, 160, 161.
Lawrence, Colonel, 139, 140.
Le Roy, Jean Baptiste, 202.
Libraries, subscription, 94-98.
Library, the Philadelphia, the founding
of, 94-98.

Logan, James, 143, 144.

London, Franklin's life as a journeyman
printer in, 56-68; lighting and clean-
ing of the streets in, 161-164; Frank-

Mandeville, Dr., 59.
Mansfield, Lord, 221.
Maugridge, William, 81.
Meredith, senior, 86, 87.

Meredith, Hugh, 71, 74; arranges a part-
nership with Franklin in a printing
business, 75; 76, 81, 85; his partner-
ship with Franklin having been dis-
solved, he settles in North Carolina,
87, 88.

Mickle, Samuel, 80.

Militia, organization of a, 138, 139, 188,
195.

Mitchel, Dr., 200.

Money, paper, 88-90.
Morality, 77-79, 101-114.

Moravians, their opinions as to bearing
arms, 189; their manner of life, 194,
195.

Morris, Governor Robert Hunter, his
appointment, 168; his disputes with
the Assembly and his personal friend-
ship with Franklin, 169, 170, 197, 198;
172; vetoes money-bills of Assembly,
187; 193.

Morris, James, 142, 143.

New England Courant, the, 27-29.
Newspapers, libel in, 119, 120.
New York, Franklin in, 31.
Nollet, Abbé, 201, 202.
Norris, Isaac, Speaker of the Pennsyl-
vania House, 153, 166.

Order, 103, 104, 107-110.
Orme, Captain, 183.
Osborne, Charles, his acquaintance with
Franklin, 51-53.

Palmer, Mr., the London printer, 58, 59.
Paris, Ferdinand John, 219, 221.
Parsons, William, 81.
Partnerships, 137.

"Paxton Boys," the riots of the, 233.
Pearson, Isaac, 77.
Pemberton, Dr., 59.
Pembroke, Lord, 216.

Penn, John, grandson of William, 166;
Governor of Pennsylvania, 233, 234.
Penn, Thomas, son of William and chief
proprietor of Pennsylvania, his hos-
tility to Franklin, 196, 197; 204, 218.
See Proprietors of Pennsylvania.
Penn, William, anecdote of, 143, 144.
Penn family. See Proprietors of Penn
sylvania.

Pennsylvania Gazette, The, Franklin's
newspaper, 84, 85, 119, 122, 136.
Peters, Secretary Richard, 166.
Philadelphia, Franklin's life in, 34-54,
70-207, 231-234, 237-240, 243, 244.
Philosophical Society, the American, 138.
Pilgrim's Progress, 19, 31, 32.
Poor Richard's Almanac, publication of,
118; its success and its influence for
good, 118, 119.

Potts, Stephen, 71, 72, 81.
Pownall, Governor Thomas, 172.
Presbyterian minister, a, 100, 101.
Pride, 112-114.

Proprietors of Pennsylvania, the (Thomas
and Richard Penn), disputes of the Pro-
vince with, 170, 171, 204–207, 217-223.

Quakers, their attitude towards offensive
and defensive war, 138, 141–147.
Quincy, Col. Josiah, grandfather of the
Josiah Quincy who was second mayor
of Boston, 172, 173.

Ralph, James, his acquaintance with
Franklin in Philadelphia, 51-53;
Pope's allusion to, 53 and note; sails
for England in company with Franklin,
54; life in London with Franklin, 57-
60; becomes a country schoolmaster,
60; breaks with Franklin, 61; 68, 78;
his later reputation as a writer, 205.
Read, John, Franklin lodged at his
house, 39; 57.

Read, Miss Deborah, her first sight of
Franklin, 36, 39; Franklin becomes
attached to, 50; 54, 58; her unhappy
marriage with one Rogers, 70; 78;
marries Franklin, 93, 94. See Frank-
lin, Mrs. Benjamin.

Reading, 230.

Recluse, a female, 64, 65.

Religion, 77-79, 99-101, 116, 131.
Riddlesden, an attorney, 56, 57.
Rolls, episode of the, 35.

Rose, Aquila, 31, 38.

Rum, its effect on the Indians, 153, 154.

Scull, Nicholas, 81.

Self-examination, 101-114.

Ships, speed in, as affected by building,
rigging, lading, and sailing, 212-214.
Shirley, William, Governor of Massachu-
setts and commander-in-chief of the
British forces in America at the begin-

Vegetarianism, 23, 24, 48-50.

Vernon, Mr., 43, 86; Franklin's debt to,
45-48, 73, 78, 86.

Virtues, the cultivation of, 102-114.

Washington, George, letter from Frank-
lin to, 243.

Watch, the city, of Philadelphia, 128.
Watson, Joseph, his acquaintance with
Franklin, 51-53.

Watson, Sir William, physician, botanist,
and electrician, 203.

Watts, the printer, 61, 62.

Webb, George, 72, 73, 81, 83, 84.
Welfare, Michael, 146.

Wharf, building a, 15.

Whitefield, Rev. George, one of the

founders of Methodism, 131-136.
Wilcox, a London bookseller, 59.
Wilton, England, 216.
Wolfe, General James, 209.
Women, the education of, 120, 121.
Wright, Dr., 202.

Wygate, Franklin's acquaintance with,
65, 66.

Wyndham, Sir William, 67, 68.