(n) The terms' wife' and 'husband' do not include a wife or husband by reason of a proxy or picture marriage.

Section 29 (Authorization of Appropriation). The appropriation of such sums as may be necessary for the enforcement of this Act is hereby authorized. Section 30 (Act of May 19, 1921). The Act entitled 'An Act to limit the immigration of aliens into the United States', approved May 19, 1921, as amended and extended, shall, notwithstanding its expiration on June 30, 1924, remain in force thereafter for the imposition, collection, and enforcement of all penalties that may have accrued thereunder and any alien who prior to July 1, 1924, may have entered the United States in violation of such Act or regulations made thereunder may be deported in the same manner as if such Act had not expired.

Section 31 (Time of Taking Effect). (a) Sections 2, 8, 13, 14, 15, and 16, and subdivision (f) of section 11 shall take effect on July 1, 1924, except that immigration visas and permits may be issued prior to that date, which shall not be valid for admission to the United States before July 1, 1924. In the case of quota immigrants of any nationality, the number of immigration visas to be issued prior to July 1, 1924, shall not be in excess of 10 per centum of the quota for such nationality, and the number of immigration visas so issued shall be deducted from the number which may be issued during the month of July, 1924. In the case of immigration visas issued before July 1, 1924, the four-month period referred to in subdivision (c) of section 2 shall begin to run on July 1, 1924, instead of at the time of the issuance of the immigration visa.

(b) The remainder of this Act shall take effect upon its enactment.

(c) If any alien arrives in the United States before July 1, 1924, his right to admission shall be determined without regard to the provisions of this Act, except section 23.

Section 32 (Saving Clause in event of Unconstitutionality). If any provision of this Act, or the application thereof to any person or circumstances, is held invalid, the remainder of the Act, and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby. Approved, May 26, 1924.

(4) STATEMENT ISSUED TO THE PRESS BY PRESIDENT COOLIDGE ON THE 26TH MAY, 1924, REGARDING THE IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1924 1

In signing this Bill, which in its main features I heartily approve, I regret the impossibility of severing from it the exclusive provision which, in the light of existing law, affects especially the Japanese. I gladly recognize that the enactment of this provision does not imply any change in our sentiment of admiration and cordial friendship for the Japanese people, a sentiment which has had and will continue to have abundant manifestation. The Bill rather expresses the determination of the Congress to exercise its prerogative in defining by legislation the control of immigration instead of leaving it to international arrangements. It should be noted that the Bill exempts from the exclusion provision government officials, those coming to this country as tourists or temporarily for business or pleasure, those in transit, seamen, those already resident here and returning from temporary absences, professors, ministers of religion, students, and those who enter solely to carry on trade in pursuance of existing treaty provisions. But we have had for many years an understanding with Japan by which the Japanese Government has voluntary undertaken to prevent the emigration of labourers to the United States, and in view of this historic relation and of the feeling which inspired it, it would have been much better in my judgement, and more effective in the actual control of immigration, if we had continued to invite the co-operation

1 Reprinted from International Conciliation, No. 202, of September 1924 ( An Analysis of the American Immigration Act of 1924' by John B. Trevor).

which Japan was ready to give and had thus avoided creating any ground for misapprehension by an unnecessary statutory enactment. That course would not have derogated from the authority of the Congress to deal with the question in any exigency requiring its action. There is scarcely any ground for disagreement as to the result we want, but this method of securing it is unnecessary and deplorable at this time. If the exclusion provision stood alone I should disapprove it without hesitation, if sought in this way at this time. But this Bill is a comprehensive measure dealing with the whole subject of immigration and setting up the necessary administrative machinery. The present Quota Act, of 1921, will terminate on June 30th next. It is of great importance that a comprehensive measure should take its place, and that the arrangements for its administration should be provided at once in order to avoid hardship and confusion. I must therefore consider the Bill as a whole, and the imperative need of the country for legislation of this general character. For this reason the Bill is approved.

(5) PRESIDENT COOLIDGE'S QUOTA PROCLAMATION OF THE 30TH June,

1924.1

Whereas it is provided in the act of Congress approved May 26, 1924, entitled 'An Act to limit the immigration of aliens into the United States, and for other purposes' that—

The annual quota of any nationality shall be 2 per centum of the number of foreign-born individuals of such nationality resident in continental United States as determined by the United States census of 1890, but the minimum quota of any nationality shall be 100. (Sec. 11 (a).)

For the purposes of this Act nationality shall be determined by country of birth... (Sec. 12 (a).)

The Secretary of State, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Labor, jointly, shall, as soon as feasible after the enactment of this Act, prepare a statement showing the number of individuals of the various nationalities resident in continental United States as determined by the United States census of 1890, which statement shall be the population basis for the purposes of subdivision (a) of section 11. (Sec. 12 (b).)

Such officials shall, jointly, report annually to the President the quota of each nationality under subdivision (a) of section 11, together with the statements, estimates, and revisions provided for in this section. The President shall proclaim and make known the quotas so reported. (Sec. 12 (e).)

And whereas satisfactory evidence has been presented to me that the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Labor, pursuant to the authority conferred upon them in the act of Congress approved May 26, 1924, have made the statement and the quotas therein provided,

Now, therefore, I, Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States of America, acting under and by virtue of the power in me vested by the aforesaid act of Congress, do hereby proclaim and make known that on and after July 1, 1924, and throughout the fiscal year 1924-5, the quota of each nationality provided in said Act shall be as follows:

1 Reprinted from the Annual Report of the Commissioner-General of Immigration, 1924 (Washington: Government Printing Office).

Quota

Country or area of birth.

1924-5.

Australia, including Papua, Tasmania, and all islands appertaining

Irish Free State (3)

28,567

Italy, including Rhodes, Dodekanesia, and Castellorizzo (5)

3,845

*100

142

Netherlands (1, 5, 6)

1,648

New Zealand (including appertaining islands) (3, 4)

100

Norway (5)

6,453

*New Guinea, and other Pacific Islands under proposed Australian

mandate (4)

*100

Palestine (with Trans-Jordan, proposed British mandate)

Samoa, Western (4) (proposed mandate of New Zealand)
San Marino

100

100

*Siam

*100

South Africa, Union of (3)

100

South-West Africa (proposed mandate of Union of South Africa)

Country or area of birth.

Tanganyika (proposed British mandate)

Togoland (proposed British mandate)
Togoland (French mandate)

Turkey

*Yap and other Pacific islands (under Japanese mandate) (4) Yugoslavia.

Quota 1924-5.

100

100

100

100

*100

671

*For each of the countries indicated by an asterisk (*) is established a nominal quota according to the minimum fixed by law. These nominal quotas, as in the case of all quotas hereby established, are available only for persons born within the respective countries who are eligible to citizenship in the United States and admissible under the immigration laws of the United States.

1. (a) Persons born in the portions of Persia, Russia, or the Arabian peninsula situated within the barred zone, and who are admissible under the immigration laws of the United States as quota immigrants, will be charged to the quotas of these countries; and (b) persons born in the colonies, dependencies, or protectorates, or portions thereof, within the barred zone, of France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, or Portugal, who are admissible under the immigration laws of the United States as quota immigrants, will be charged to the quota of the country to which such colony or dependency belongs or by which it is administered as a protectorate.

2. The quota-area denominated 'Arabian peninsula' consists of all territory except Muscat and Aden, situated in the portion of that peninsula, and adjacent islands, to the southeast of Iraq, of Palestine with TransJordan, and of Egypt.

3. Quota immigrants born in the British self-governing dominions or in the Empire of India will be charged to the appropriate quota rather than to that of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. There are no quota restrictions for Canada and Newfoundland.

4. As shown on Chart No. 1262a, Hydrographic Office, United States Navy Department.

5. Quota immigrants eligible to citizenship in the United States, born in a colony, dependency, or protectorate of any country to which a quota applies, will be charged to the quota of that country.

6. In contrast with the law of 1921, the immigration act of 1924 provides that persons born in the colonies or dependencies of European countries situated in Central America, South America, or the islands adjacent to the American continents (except Newfoundland and islands pertaining to Newfoundland, Labrador, and Canada), will be charged to the quota of the country to which such colony or dependency belongs.

General Note.—The immigration quotas assigned to the various countries and quota-areas should not be regarded as having any political significance whatever, or as involving recognition of new governments, or of new boundaries, or of transfers of territory except as the United States Government has already made such recognition in a formal and official manner. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.

Done at the city of Washington, this thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty-four and of the independence of the United States of America the one hundred and forty eighth.

By the President :

CHARLES E. HUGHES,
Secretary of State.

(Signed) CALVIN COOLIDGE.

V. The Recognition of the U.S.S.R. by Great Britain.

(1) BRITISH NOTE, DATED THE 1ST FEBRUARY, 1924, RECOGNIZING THE GOVERNMENT OF THE U.S.S.R.1

I have the honour, by direction of my Government, to inform Your Excellency that they recognize the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics as the de jure rulers of those territories of the old Russian Empire which acknowledge their authority.

2. In order, however, to create the normal conditions of complete friendly relations and full commercial intercourse, it will be necessary to conclude definite practical agreements on a variety of matters: some of which have no direct connexion with the question of recognition; some of which, on the other hand, are intimately bound up with the fact of recognition.

3. In the latter category may be cited the question of existing treaties. His Majesty's Government are advised that the recognition of the Soviet Government of Russia will, according to the accepted principles of international law, automatically bring into force all the treaties concluded between the two countries previous to the Russian Revolution, except where these have been denounced or have otherwise juridically lapsed. It is obviously to the advantage of both countries that the position in regard to these treaties should be regularized simultaneously with recognition.

4. Technically unconnected with recognition, but clearly of the utmost importance, are the problems of the settlement of existing claims by the Government and nationals of one party against the other and the restoration of Russia's credit.

5. It is also manifest that genuinely friendly relations cannot be said to be completely established so long as either party has reason to suspect the other of carrying on propaganda against its interests and directed to the overthrow of its institutions.

6. In these circumstances His Majesty's Government invite the Russian Government to send over to London, at the earliest possible date, representatives armed with full powers to discuss these matters and to draw up the preliminary bases of a complete treaty to settle all questions outstanding between the two countries.

7. In the meantime I have been given the status of Chargé d'Affaires pending the appointment of an Ambassador; and I am to state that his Majesty's Government will be glad similarly to receive a Russian Chargé d'Affaires representing the Government of the Union at the Court of St. James.

(2) REPLY, DATED THE 8TH FEBRUARY, 1924, FROM THE GOVERNMENT OF THE U.S.S.R.2

I have the honour, on behalf of the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, to inform your Excellency that my Government has taken cognizance with satisfaction of the contents of the British note of February 1, 1924, in which the British Government recognizes de jure the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, whose authority extends throughout all the territories of the former Russian Empire, with the exception of those which have been severed with the consent of the Soviet Government and in which independent States have been constituted.

2. Expressing the will of the Second Congress of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which proclaimed that friendly co-operation between the

1 Reprinted from The Times, 2nd February, 1924. The note was dispatched on the 1st February to Mr. Hodgson, the British representative in Moscow, for presentation. Reprinted from The Times, 9th February, 1924. The note was addressed to Mr. MacDonald and signed by M. Rakovski.