pire, he drew a considerable part of the Austrian forces from their conquests on the side of Hungary.

The effects of this diversion were soon manifest. As Leopold could not pursue the war with the same vigour as before in Hungary, the splendour of the Ottoman arms was for a time restored by the new Grand Vizir. He collected a numerous army; reëstablished discipline; recaptured Semendria, Widdin, and Belgrade; and recovered the provinces beyond the Danube. At the same time, Tekeli, with a Turkish force, burst into Translyvania. Joined by tumultuary hordes from the neighbouring provinces, he declared himself Prince by the authority of the Porte; defeated the united Imperialists and Transylvanians; captured General Heusler with other Austrian officers; confined Abaffy almost to the walls of Clagenfurth; and extorted the homage of the States.

A month, however, scarcely elapsed before the Margrave of Baden, in the summer of the year 1690, leaving the Danubian provinces to their fate, forced the passes of Transylvania; surprised and drove Tekeli into Moldavia; and, with the consent of the States, reinstated Abaffy. Having intrusted the defence of Transylvania to General Veterani and the government to a provisional regency, he maintained this administration itself until the conclusion of the war, in opposition to the combined efforts of the Turks and

by their Sultan; the Imperialists, by Prince Eugene of Savoy : who was now, for the first time, placed at the head of an army. The Sultan, collecting his forces at Belgrade, took Titul by storm, and threatened Peterwaradin : but, on the approach of the imperial General, who had sent detachments to reduce the rebels and who strengthened himself with reinforcements from Transylvania, he suddenly crossed the Danube, and ascended the Teiss with the intention of surprising Segedin and of subjugating upper Hungary or Transylvania. Eugene, however, instantly threw a garrison into Segedin, and fol. lowed the movements of the enemy. Learning from his parties, that the Turks had abandoned their design on Segedin and were crossing the Teiss at Zenta orer a temporary bridge, he hastened to attack one part of their army while separated from the other. On the 11th of September, his army adranced in twelve columns : and, by four in the afternoon, it was formed in sight of the enemy; the flank supported on the Teiss, the right stretching into the country. As the Turkish caralry had already passed, and as the day was rapidly dcclining ; he did not hesitate to commence the attack, although their bridge was corered by a triple entrenchment defended with seventy pieces of artillery. Having reconnoitred the disposition of the enemy, he bent his army into the form of a crescent, to embrace the works ; strengthened the flanks with bodies of

pitated into the Teiss: and of 30,000, who had not crossed the river, scarcely one thousand escaped alive. This complete victory, which cost only 500 men, was gained within the short space of two hours : and, to use the emphatic expres. sion of the heroic commander, the sun seemed to linger on the horizon to gild with his last rays the victorious standards of Austria.

The Ottomans were now completely humbled : and, what was gained by the sword, was immediately afterward ratified by the pen. Plenipotentiaries were assembled, on the 14th of November 1697, from all the Powers in alliance against the Porte : the negotiations were conducted under the mediation of England and Holland : and, in little more than two months, a general accommodation was effected.

The peace of Carlowitz forms a memorable era in the history of the House of Austria and of Europe. Leopold secured Hungary and Sclaronia, which for a period of almost two hundred years had been occupied by the Turks ; and consolidated his Empire by the important acquisition of Transylrania. At the same time, the Sultans lost nearly half their possessions in Europe : and, from this diminution of territorial sorereignty, the Ottoman Power, which once threatened unirersal subjugation, CEASED TO BE FORMIDABLE TO CHRISTENDOM!

· Coxe's llist. of the House of Austr. vol. iii. chap. 66. p. 394-403.