C

CAB

AB, a Hebrew measure of capa- the people, that the whole nation city, both liquid and dry; the might not perish. Doubtless he sixth part of a seah, and eighteenth meant that his death was necessary of an ephah, containing about 96 so- to prevent the Romans destroying lid inches: the liquid measure con- their nation; but the Spirit of God, tained two English pints; but that of who directed his lips in this sencorn two pints and five-sixths of a tence, intended to signify, that Jepint, 2 Kings vi. 25. sus's death was necessary for the CABIN, a small cell, a room in a salvation of souls, whether Jews or prison, Jer. xxxvii. 16. Gentiles, John xi. 49, 50. CABUL, dirty, (1.) A city on the When Jesus was apprehended by frontier of the lot of Asher, Josh. the servants of Caiaphas and others, xix. 27. (2.) The name that Hiram, he was first brought to, and examined king of Tyre, gave to the country by Annas; next he was brought to which Solomon presented him with, Caiaphas's hall, where the priests to mark his displeasure with it, 1 and elders were convened to judge Kings ix. 13.

him. When nothing could be provCÆSAR, a title borne by all the ed to purpose by their suborned witemperors from Julius Cæsar down to nesses, Caiaphas, in order to find a the destruction of the Roman empire, charge against him, adjured him by and confirmed by a decree of the se- the living God, to declare whether nate. It was also a title of distinc- he was the Christ, the true Messiah, tion for the intended or presumptive or not. Jesus acknowledging that heir to the empire. In scripture the he was, and would afterwards apreigning emperor is called Cæsar, pear gloriously in the clouds, Caiawithout any other distinguishing phas, as if shocked, rent his clothes; name, as Tiberius, Matt. xxii. 21. and taking the company to witness Nero, Acts xxv. 10. that they had heard his blasphemy,

CAGE, for birds and wild beasts. asked what they thought he deserv Wicked men's houses are represent-ed? They all agreed, that he deed as filled with deceit, and what is served death. No doubt Caiaphas obtained by it, as a cage is with attended the council the next day, birds, Jer. v. 27. The Antichristian when they delivered up Jesus to Pistate, chiefly Rome, is a cage of every late, and begged he might be cruci unclean and hateful bird; is full of fied, John xviii. 13–28. Mat. xxvi. abominable persons, offices, officers, 57–66. Luke xxii. 54-66-69. doctrines, and customs, Rev. xviii 2. Mark xiv. 53-64. Soon after, he, CAIAPHAS; the high priest of at a meeting of the sanhedrim, exthe Jews, who succeeded Simon the postulated with the apostles, why son of Camith about A. D. 16, or 25, they durst, contrary to orders, preach as Calmet thinks, and married the up Jesus as the Messiah: they redaughter of Annas. It is certain he plied, they were obliged to obey God was high priest that year in which our rather than men, Acts v. 27-32. Saviour suffered. When the priests In A. D. 35, Caiaphas and Pilate and Pharisees, heartily vexed at the were both deposed by Vitellius, the raising of Lazarus from the dead, Roman governor of Syria; and Joconsulted whether they should ap-nathan, a son of Annas, was made prehend Jesus or not, and put him high priest in his stead.

to death, Caiaphas upbraided them CAIN, possession, the eldest son with their stupidity, and told them, of Adam. When his mother Eve it was necessary Jesus should die for bare him, she seems to have imagin

ed him the Person promised, who not kill him. This is almost the same should destroy the head, the power with what is said in Exod. x. 1, that of the devil. When grown up, he God did set signs before the Egypapplied himself to cultivate the tians; and Isa. Ixvi. 19, that he would ground, as his brother Abel did to set a sign before the heathen. Where the feeding of flocks. On the last it is evident, that God did not mean day of the week, or at the end of any particular mark which should be the year, Cain offered his first-fruits, set on their bodies, but only those and Abel the best firstling of his flock. signs and wonders which he wrought Cain having offered his oblation with in Egypt, to oblige Pharaoh to let an unbelieving and wicked heart, his people go; and the miraculous God did not show any respect to it manner wherein he delivered them by the descent of fire from heaven, from the Babylonish captivity. This or any such similar token as he did explication is natural, and agreeable to Abel's. Cain was enraged to see to the methods of divine providence, his brother thus acknowledged, and which is wont to convince the inevidenced the same by his sullen credulous by signs and wonders.countenance, and surly temper. God Nor could any less thing assure Cain, expostulated with him, and told him, in the fear he was under, that the that his neglect of his offering was first that did meet him should not kill solely owing to his own wickedness; him, after what God had said to him that if he speedily believed and re- in upbraiding him with his crime. pented, he should be accepted: but See Patrick's Commentary, and Sauif not, his sin, that already lay on rin's Dissertations. his conscience, would speedily bring Upon God's denouncing his judgruin on his head; and hinted, that ments against Cain, our translators he had no reason to be enraged at make Cain reply, My punishment is Abel, as he still continued in his greater than I can bear, Gen. iv. 13. wonted subjection to him as a supe- But as the Hebrew word AVEN derior in age. notes iniquity rather than punishment, Contemning his Maker's admoni- and the verb NASHA signifies to be tion, Cain went with his brother into forgiven, as well as to bear, the the field and murdered him. The words may be rendered, by way of Lord quickly called him to account; interrogation, Is my sin too great to and interrogated him, what was be- be forgiven? Can I find no mercy, come of Abel his brother? Cain angrily no mitigation of the punishment I replied, that he knew not, and had no have brought upon myself? Behold, business to be his brother's keeper. every one that findeth me shall slay God charged him with the murder, me, ver. 14. Hereupon God was represented its horrid nature and pleased so far to favour him, as to consequence;-that Abel's blood, give orders that no one should kill however hidden, cried for venge- him; and to this purpose (as our ance against him; that the earth translators render it,) he set a mark which had covered it should never upon him. But, as the word AOTH more yield him a plentiful crop, or is a sign or token (for so the bow in a settled abode. the firmament is called,) the passage

Almost all the versions have com- more properly signifies, that God mitted a mistake, in translating Gen. gave or appointed to Cain a sign or iv. 15. that God put a mark upon token, i. e. he assured him that no Cain, lest any finding him should kill one should kill him; which renders him. The original says no such all the guesses and conjectures about thing; and the Septuagint have very the particular mark God set upon well rendered it thus, That God set him absurd. a sign before Cain, to persuade him

Driven from the east of Eden, where that whosoever should find him should the symbols of the Divine Presence

were often visible, he retired to the stomach; and when it is burnt with country called NoD, from his unset- turpentine, the fume is thought to tled condition, and there built a city heal diseases of the breast. It was called Enoch, after the name of his a part of the Tyrian trade with the son. There his family increased Grecians and Danites, Ezek. xxvii. and spread through a great part of 19. and an ingredient of the Jewthe world. They continued till the ish sacred perfume, Exod. xxx. 23. flood, in seven generations, famous Isa. xliii. 24. Some writers think for invention of arts, and for their that saints are likened to it: they are impiety. By intermarriages with acceptable to God and his people, them did the posterity of Seth cor- Song iv. 14. rupt themselves, and provoke God to bring on the general deluge. See boiling in, 1 Sam. ii. 14. The place LAMECH, Gen. iv. and vi. where wicked men are tormented CAINAN, possessor, or KENAN, and ruined by God's judgments, is the son of Enosh. He was born the caldron, and they are the flesh A. M. 325. Seventy years after he boiled in it, Ezek. xi. 3, 4. and xxiv. begat Mahalaleel; and died, aged 1, 2. Jer. i. 13, 14. 910, Gen. v. 9-14. 1 Chron. i. 2. Luke iii. 37.

CALDRON, a large vessel for

CALEB, as an heart (1.) The son of Jephunneh, brother of Kenaz, and CAKE. The cakes of the Jewish descendant of Judah. When the offerings were of fine flour, kneaded spies returned from the search of with oil, Exod. xii. 39. The ten tribes the promised land, Caleb and Joshua, of Israel were a cake not turned; endued by the Spirit of the Lord, while on the one side they professed opposed the rest, represented Cathe true religion, and on the other naan as a good land; and rending they were practical idolaters; while their clothes for grief, that the conon the one side they were scorched gregation, believing the rest, were with judgments, and on the other on the point of returning to Egypt, they remained stupid and unteacha- earnestly endeavoured to persuade ble, Hos. vii. 1. them, that, with the assistance of

CALAH, opportunity, an ancient God, they could easily conquer it. city of Assyria, built soon after the To reward their piety, they alone, flood, by Ashur; from it the country of all the twelve spies, survived that about, on the north-east of the Ti-day; they only, of all the armed men gris, and south of the Gordian moun- that came out of Egypt entered into tains of Armenia, was called Calla- Canaan; and Moses promised Cachene, or Calacine, Gen. x. 11. leb the possession of the places about CALAMITY, grievous outward Hebron, where, without dismay, he affliction, Jer. xviii. 17. A foolish had seen the monstrous giants. Forson is the calamity of his father, ty-five years after, Caleb's strength grieves his spirit, disturbs and dis- and courage being no way abated, credits his family, and wastes his he requested, that Joshua, who was substance, Prov. xix. 13. going to divide the land, might give

CALAMUS, or sweet CANE, is him the country of the giants, as an aromatic reed, found in pieces of Moses had predicted; that, depend10 or 12 inches long, knotty in the ing on the assistance of heaven, he manner of a common reed, but not might have the honour to expel so thick. Its hollow is filled with a them. Joshua blessed him, and spungy substance, somewhat similar granted him his request. Assisted to cobwebs, but of a most agreeable by a part of his brethren of Judah, he smell, when newly opened up. It marched against Hebron, and slew grows in the East Indies, is often there the children of ANAK. Thence used for sauce, and is said to refresh he marched to Debir; and, as the and heal the heart, and to cleanse the place was extremely strong, he of

fered his daughter Achsah to the xxxi. 2. (4.) To create, to produce hero that should take it. Othniel his things by a word, and act of the will, nephew took it, and obtained Ach-Rom. iv. 17. Ezek. xxxvi. 29. (5.) sah, with a considerable portion of To invite and charge to duty, by the ground. When or how Caleb died ministry of the word, dispensation of we know not. By his three sons, providence, or motions of the Holy Iru, Elah, and Naam, he had a nu- Ghost, Isa. xxii. 12. Prov. i. 24. merous and honoured posterity, Matt. xxii. 14. (6.) To invite and Numb. xiii. and xiv. Josh. xiv. 6 draw sinners into a state of union with 15. and xv. 13-19. Judg. i. 9-15. Jesus Christ, by the preaching of the 1 Chron. iv. 15-20. word, and the operation of the Holy 2. CALEB, or CHELUBAI, the son Spirit. The person is convinced of of Hezron, and brother of Jerah- his sin and misery; hath his mind meel; his wives, perhaps in succes- enlightened in the knowledge of sion, were Azubah-Jerioth, Ephrath; Christ, as able and willing to save and Ephah and Maachah, concu- him; and is enabled to embrace Jesus bines; his sons were, Jesher, Shobab, Christ as offered to him in the gos Ardon, Hur, Mesha, Haran, Moza, pel. This call is high, proceeds from Gazez, Sheber, Tirhanah, Shaaph, the Most High God, and interests us Shevah, and a daughter called Ach-in the highest glory and happiness, sah; and perhaps others. His pos- Phil. iii. 14. It is holy in its author, terity was very numerous, 1 Chron. means, and end. As we are called ii. 9, 18-20. 42-45. by the glorious power and almighty

3. CALEB, the son of Hur, and virtue of God's grace, so we are grandson of the former Caleb. His called to glory and virtue, to holiness sons were, Shobal, Salma, Hareph. and happiness, 2 Pet. i. 3. It is His posterity peopled the whole heavenly, comes from above, interests country about Beth-lehem, Kirjath- us in, and prepares us for, heaven, jearim, Beth-gader, &c. 1 Chron. ii. Heb. iii. 1. (7.) To acknowledge, Heb. ii. 11. (8.) To esteem, va

50-55.

4. CALEB, which is thought to be lue, Isa. Iviii. 5, 13. Mal. iii. 15. the same as Caleb-Ephrath, a city (9.) To proclaim, Joel i. 4. and ii. where it seems Caleb the son of 15. To call God for a record on one's Hezron and Ephrath had dwelt. To soul, is solemnly to appeal to him, the elders of Caleb, David sent part 2 Cor. i. 23. To call on God, is to of the spoil he took from the Ama- worship him, particularly by prayer lekites, 1 Sam. xxx. 14. and praise, Psal. 1. 15. and cv. 1. CALF. See BULL. Perhaps calling on the name of the CALKERS, carpenters who stop Lord, Gen. iv. 26. may denote worthe leaks of ships, Ezek. xxvii. shipping him in public assemblies; 9, 27. though some render it, to profane To CALL, (1.) To name a person the name of the Lord. Lawful employor thing. To be called or named by ments are termed a calling; men are one, is to derive a name from him. by Providence invited to and furJacob's name was called upon the nished for them, 1 Cor. vii. 20. The sons of Joseph, when they were heavenly Glory is a calling; we are named Israelites, and each commen-invited and drawn to it; and the ced parent of a tribe, Gen. xlviii. 16. enjoyment of its happiness should Persons are called by the name of be our chief business to secure, 2 Christ, when called his people or Thess. i. 11.

followers, or called CHRISTIANS, CALNEH, all we, CALNO, a city from CHRIST, Jam. ii. 7. Acts xi. built by Nimrod in the land of Shi26. (2.) To invite, require, request, nar, Gen. x. 9. Isa. x. 9. If it be the Exod. ii. 7. (3.) To invite to, ap-same with Canneh, the inhabitants point, and furnish for an office, Exod. traded with the Tyrians, Ezek, xxyii.

23. It is probably the same with give the Arabs that revengeful turn Ctesiphon, on the river Tigris, which they generally have. They about three miles from Selucia; and kneel down to receive their burden, which was for some time the capital or to have it taken off. There are of the Parthians, and was exceed-four kinds of camels: (1.) The ca ingly enlarged and beautified by Pa-mel with two hairy bunches on its corus one of their kings. back which is principally produced

CALVARY, or, as it is called in about the east of Persia, and will Hebrew, GOLGOTHA, which signi- bear 1300 weight. This is by some fies the place of a skull: either from falsely called the dromedary. (2.) its resemblance to the skull of a man's The camel with one bunch, which is head, or because it was the place chiefly used in Arabia and the north where malefactors were beheaded, of Africa. The most handsome of was a small hill to the west of Jeru- this kind is the dromedary, which is salem. It is said Adam was buried of rounder shape, and has a lesser here but it is far more certain that bunch than the others; is able to Jesus was crucified here, and buried carry a far less burden, but is of proIn an adjacent garden. Over his digious swiftness; said, by the Arabs, sepulchre, Helena, the mother of to run as far in one day as their best Constantine, about A. D. 330, built horses will do in nine, and so chiefly a magnificent church, which, to used for riding, 1 Kings iv. 28. Esth. this day, is visited by superstitious viii. 10. (3.) The Peruvian camel, pilgrims of the Christian name, with whose back is even, and its breast great ceremony, and pretence of de- bunchy. (4.) The Pacos, which has votion, Luke xxiii. 33. no bunch at all.

To CALVE, to bring forth young; chiefly a calf or young deer, Psa. xxix. 9.

Though camels chewed the cud, yet, as the division of their feet was not complete, they are marked out by CAMEL, a four-footed beast with- the law as unclean, and may repre out horns. It has no fore-teeth in sent wicked persons, haughty, and the upper jaw, and chews the cud. revengeful, Lev. xi. 4. Deut. xiv. 7. It has six or eight in the lower, The Jews were like swift dromeda broad, and standing outward. It has rics traversing their ways, for their three tusks in its upper jaw, and two levity and inconstancy in God's serIn the lower, situate at some distance vice, Jer. ii. 23. Multitudes of caone from another. Camels are co-mels and dromedaries, of Midian, vered with a fine fur, which they Ephah, Sheba, and flocks of Kedar, cast in the spring; and it is gather- and Nebaioth, covering the church, ed up, and a kind of stuff made of imports that all nations shall be conit. Their neck and legs are long verted to Christ, and use their power and slender. When they lift up their and wealth in his service, Isa. Ix. head, it is very high. Their ears 6-8. are short, and their feet broad and CAMELION, or CHAMELEON, & exceedingly sure; their tail is about kind of a lizard, with a long flat tail, a foot long; some of them, not- and usually of a greenish yellow cowithstanding excessive heat, can live lour. On each of its four feet it without water four or five, nay, has five toes, two or three of which some say, nine or twelve, days. adhere together. Its snout is long: They are not only used as beasts of it has two small openings for nosburden in the hot and dry countries, trils: its eyes move much and often but the Turks eat the flesh of young with a contrary motion; it has no ones, and their milk is much used neck; its back is sharp, and its skin by the Arabs to prevent the dropsy. grained like shagreen. It can hang Some think, that as the animal is re- to the branches of trees by its feet vengeful, its milk may contribute to or tail. To catch flies, it can dart its