94. Columbian Sharp-tailled Grouse, Prairie Chicken. Pediocaetes phasianellus columbianus. Abundant resident everywhere, especially in the country west of Lake Winnipeg. north to the narrows of Lake Winnipeg, and thence eastward as far as Long Lake and Pic River, on Lake Winnipeg (Bell). This species lives by preference on the prairies in summer and in the wooded districts during winter, so that it is in a sense migratory.

95. Passenger Pigeon. Ectopistes migratorius. In 1885 I wrote as follows: "Common summer resident, probably everywhere, as it was noted on Riding Mountain, along the Assiniboine, on Big Plain, on Turtle Mountain (Coues) and northward, as well as all over the Red River Valley. throughout the Winnipegosis region. Often abundant during the migrations. I am not aware of the existence of any extensive 'rookeries.' Arrives early in May; departs in October."

In 1908 my notes on the species are: "The following are all the specimens I know of in Manitoba:Adult male taken at Winnipeg in 1892, now in collection of Father Blain, St. Boniface College; adult male taken at Winnipeg in 1894 by E. Wilson, now in possession of J. K. Hardy of St. Boniface; adult male taken at Winnipegosis on 13 April, 1898, by J. J. G.Rosser.'

The last year in which the Pigeons came to Manitoba in force was 1878. Next year they were comparatively scarce, and each year they have become more so. In the early eighties a few were seen each season. The above three specimens were the last reliable recorded. None have been seen since. It is interesting to note that 1878 was also the last year of the vast Buffalo herds on the Saskatchewan. In my collection are three specimens of Passenger

Pigeon: young male taken at Carberry, Man., by
Miller Christy, 30 Aug.,1883; adult male and female
taken at Fort Holmes, Ind. T., U.S., by C. Dewar,
Jan. 1889.

96. Mourning Dove. Zenaidura macroura carolinensis. Formerly far from common, now abundant in all parts of the Alleghanian region where there is timber, frequenting barnyards that are near the woods.

97. Turkey Vulture. Cathartes Vulture. Cathartes aura septentrionalis. Common summer resident of the prairie region, probably breeding here.

98. Swallow-tailed Kite. Elanoides forficatus. Geo. Grieve tells me that two have been taken at Winnipeg, one in 1889 and one in 1892, neither seen by me. I observed one in Minnesota, near Pembina, in 1883. Coues reports it as occasional at Pembina, and R. H. Hunter writes me that he has seen it at Selkirk, Pembina Mountain, and Fort Qu'Appelle. 99. Harrier. Circus hudsonius. Abundant summer resident. The adults, in blue plumage, are common in spring and fall. Arrives April 15; departs October 15.

100. Sharp-shinned Hawk. Accipiter velox. Common summer resident in all wooded regions. Arrives April 15; departs October 15.

101. Cooper Hawk or Chicken Hawk. Accipiter cooperi. May be entered as a rare summer resident. Reported by Hine and Hunter. I saw one at Edmonton, but do not know of a specimen taken in the Province.

102. American Goshawk. Astur atricapillus. Common fall and winter visitant, usually appearing in August. Not noted during the breeding season.

103. Red-tailed Hawk. Buteo borealis. Common summer resident of the wooded regions. Apparently complementary of the Swainson Hawk, which is found in more open country and on the prairie. Arrives April 15; departs October 15.

103a. Krider Hawk. Buteo borealis krideri. Three specimens of this beautiful Hawk have been taken at Winnipeg-one shot at Rosenfeld by Charles Stewart, Sept. 20, 1905; two now in the collection of A. Calder.

104. Red-shouldered Hawk. Buteo lineatus. R. H. Hunter writes me that he found this species in Eastern Manitoba.

105. Swainson Hawk. Common Henhawk Buteo swainsoni. Very abundant summer resident of the prairie region; breeds perhaps twice each season. Have seen several black specimens. Arrives April 15; departs October 15.

106. Broad-winged Hawk. Buteo platypterus. Regular summer visitant wherever there is woods. In my collection are two specimens, one collected near Winnipeg May 3, 1905, by Ashley Hine.

ported from various parts of the Province where well timbered, and is generally distributed, though not abundant. A. Calder has a beautiful melanistic specimen, killed at Winnipeg, April, 1907.

107. American Rough-legged Hawk. Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis. Migrant; only seen in spring and fall, but not numerous.

108. Red Roughleg, Gopher-hawk. Archibuteo ferrugineus. One in the collection of E. W. Darbey was shot, in 1895, at Niverville, fifteen miles south-west of Winnipeg, by Geo. Grieve. There is another specimen in the Manitoba Museum.

109. Golden Eagle. Aquila chrysaetos. Rare, but apparently resident.

110. Bald Eagle. Haliæetus leucocephalus.

Summer

visitant, of general distribution wherever there are fish.

111. Gray Gyrfalcon. Falco rusticolus. A rare winter visitant. A specimen was killed near Winnipeg in the fall of 1904, and mounted by E. W. Darbey for the Manitoba Museum. Two fine specimens taken by W. R. Hine were at one time in the same collection.

112. Duck Hawk. Falco peregrinus anatum. Much like the Goshawk in movements and distribution. Probably breeds in the neighborhood of the large lakes. Quite common on the Big Plain about August.

113. Pigeon Hawk. Falco columbarius. Common spring and fall migrant, breeding in the woods of northern Manitoba.

113a. Richardson Merlin. Falco columbarius richardsoni. A Plains race, said to be a regular summer resident along Souris River. A fine specimen was killed in Winnipeg during the summer of 1900 and brought in the flesh to A. Calder, in whose collection it may now be seen.

114. American Sparrow-hawk. Falco sparverius. Abundant summer resident; of general distribution wherever there is woods.

115. American Osprey. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis. A summer resident about all the fish-stocked rivers and lakes. Reported from all parts of the Province, but rare.

116. American Long-eared Owl. Asio wilsonianus. Sum

mer resident in all wooded sections.

15; departs October 20.

Arrives April

117. Short-eared Owl, Marsh-owl. Asio flammeus. Common summer resident in all marshy and prairie sections. Arrives April 1; departs October 30.

118. Barred Owl. Strix varia. Summer resident of the wooded sections. The records show it to be more widely differed than was once believed. In 1886 I saw a specimen taken at Kenora. In my collection is one taken at Winnipeg, March 30, 1906, by Harry Jones. E. W. Darbey writes me that he had four, taken at Winnipeg in 1906, and one early in April, 1908. At Portage la Prairie I was shown a female taken by G. E. Atkinson, May 19, 1899. J. S. Charleson writes me that on May 9, 1901, while canoeing up the Assiniboine near Winnipeg, he saw a Barred Owl in a tree. Also he secured a specimen from Riding Mountain in January, 1905; it was killed by T. S. Kittson, and had in its stomach a flying squirrel. Arrives about April 1; departs about November 1.

119. Great Gray Owl. Scotiaptex nebulosa. One specimen, taken on the Big Plain, September 29, 1884. Rather common along the Red River, and resident in the woods about Lake Winnipeg.

120. Richardson Owl. Glaux funerea richardsoni.

A

cornmon winter visitant in the Alleghanian region, but probably resident and breeding in the Canadian part of the Province.

121. Saw-whet Owl. Glaux acadica. Rare, but apparently a permanent resident.

122. Western Horned Owl. Bubo virginianus pallescens. Common resident wherever there is woods.

122a. White Horned Owl. Bubo virginianus subarcticus.