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CHAP.
XVII.

Glaris.

1527.

S. Gallen. 1526.

and themselves by lukewarmness and timidity!) and hence he himself proceeded with great caution. He appears, however, to have been upright on the whole; and the confidence which he expressed in the steadfastness of his flock, and in the final triumph of the truth at Schaffhausen, was, through God's mercy, not disappointed. But the Romanists were for the time emboldened, and failed not to advance wherever their opponents receded. Those who on the approach of death had recourse to the ceremonies of the church were buried with honour, while to others religious rites were refused at their interment; and by external circumstances of this kind the popular mind is frequently more influenced than by the most weighty considerations.1

The state of things in Glaris, at this period, seems to have resembled that at Schaffhausen: though there also it subsequently became more favourable.2

At S. Gallen the reformation decidedly gained ground. It was in the year 1526 that Vadian was elected first magistrate; and under his zealous and able direction the citizens followed closely in the steps of Zuric. A conference was held in the town with some divines of the neighbourhood; after which all images and pictures were removed from the parish church; and a consistory was established for deciding matrimonial causes, and administering ecclesiastical discipline. Superfluous festivals were abolished. Wetter would no more celebrate the mass. Burgawer and some others retained it a few months longer, and then successively discontinued it. The pastors of the town, with those of Appenzel, and some from the lands

1 Ru. i. 394-5, 479-80.
2 Ru. i. 323, 480-1.

Gerd. ii. 324, 349.
Gerd. ii. 296, 350, 367.

of the abbey of S. Gallen, and the Rheinthal, met in a kind of synod, and agreed on regulations for their churches, and on renewing their meeting periodically. The next year, after mature deliberation, rules were drawn up for the celebration of the sacraments and other parts of divine service, and for the ordering generally of affairs connected with religion. Extraordinary attention was also paid to the relief of the poor. The citizens founded a house of charity for the reception of those whose necessities required it; and many sold their jewels and other valuables, and gave the proceeds for their support. The magistrates applied to the same object the superfluous funds of the religious houses, and the sums raised by disposing of certain ornaments withdrawn from the churches. Whether the particular measures adopted may be approved or not, let it not be said, with such instances of private as well as public liberality before us, and with even the general practice as presented to us in this history, that the reformation superseded the care of the poor, while the Romish church systematically made provision for them.1

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A. D.

1527.

1527.

In the Tockenburg a general assembly of the Tocken people was held in the month of August, 1527, burg. at which all the inhabitants, whether naturalborn subjects or not, were allowed to attend— "because," said their governors, religion and the glory of God, which are to be the topics for deliberation, are equally the concern of all men." After this meeting, the images and altars were demolished through a great part of the country. The abbot of S. Gallen, who

1 Ru. i. 395-6, 491-2. Gerd. ii. 326-7, 333.

XVII.

CHAP. had jurisdiction over the Tockenburg, expostulated strongly against such proceedings, and even appeared personally in the council to oppose them but his efforts were unavailing.

The ana

baptists.

The anabaptists still continued to trouble Switzerland, and ran into incredible extravagances and enormities, amounting in one instance at least to the deliberate commission of murder. A young man, in the presence of his father and a numerous family, demanded to take off the head of his brother, under the pretence of imitating Abraham's sacrifice of his son; and the brother actually submitted to the execution, with the exclamation, "Father, thy will be done!" 1 At this period also it was, that the severe laws against these infatuated people began to be carried into effect in the reformed cantons. But into so painful and revolting a history I am little disposed to inquire, or to add to the statements of my learned predecessor.2

1 Ec. et Z. Epist. fo. 91. Ru. i, 418-421, 453–458. Gerd. ii. 325, 335-6.-See also Scultet. 77-79. Zuing. Op. ii. 7-39, or Epist. 81-113.

Milner, v. 496, 504—514. (1095, 1104-1114.) Mantz was drowned by the sentence of the magistrates of Zuric, in January, 1527. It should be observed, that one learned historian of recent date denies, that Zwingle was ever so far wrought upon by the vexatious and even outrageous conduct of the anabaptists, as to countenance capital punishment for simple rebaptization-a crime of which Dr. Milner finds him guilty. Weismann, Introd. in Hist. Sacr. i. p. 1585. Hess roundly denies the reformer's ever having proved unfaithful to his principles of tolerance." pp. 235, 240. But his is not a work of sufficient research to be relied on in such a question. Gerdes in treating of these subjects quotes a sentence of the emperor Maximilian's, which, as coming from such a quarter, deserves to be transcribed. He is reported to have said: "All other things are subject to human laws; religion alone cannot be the subject either of compulsion or of (human) command." Ger. ii. 336.

INDEX.

Melancthon and Zwingle are here referred to by the initial letters of their names:
T. is also used for the Council of Trent.

ACCOUNTABLENESS, what necessary | Argents de paix, 388

to, 197

Adam, imputation of his sin, 267
Adiaphoristic controversy, 48, 111
Adrian VI. his briefs to Z. and
others, 433

Æpinus of Hamburg, 135, 168
Afflictions, M. on, 162-171
Agency, free, 193

Agricola, one of the authors of the
Interim, 24

Albenga, bishop of, at T. 292
Albert of Bavaria, 105
Alexandria, cardinal of, 304
Alifi, bishop of, his testimony to the
morals of the Protestants, 38
Alva, duke of, 9, 10: detains the
Landgrave of Hesse, 11
Amanus, professor of Greek at Zuric,
416, 544

Amburg, bailiff of Thurgau, 496
Ambiguous terms, M's. aversion to,
149, 156

Am-Grut, his opposition to Z. 514,

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Aristotle, M. on, 212

Arnobius on the Psalms, 562-3
Articles of religion, M. on, 155-157
Artopæus, 154

Assurance, M.'s doctrine of, 239-

241: discussed in T. 275, 283
Ater an albus, meaning of, 519
Augsburg, 6: Maurice there invest-

ed with the electoral dignity, 17:
popish worship restored there, 22:
tyranny of the emperor in enforc-
ing the Interim there, 31, 76:
protestantism restored, 83: peace
of religion established by the diet
held there, 85

Augusti, professor, 177, 185, 189
Augustine: his doctrine of justifi-
cation, 121, 122: of predestination,
255, 278, 279: on the authority of
the church, 261: on original sin,
267, 268

Augustus, elector of Saxony, 9, 19:
his persecution of Peucer, 171
Aurifaber, John, 16: drawn to the
party of Flacius, 111: his death,

139

Austria reformation eagerly de-
manded there, 101-104: Swiss
alliance with, 551: regency of, 568
Avius, 144

Baden publication of indulgences,
362 proposed disputation, 505-
507 disputation of, 549-557
Baptism, its effects, 268, 270: of
infants, 523
Basle: reformers there, 367, 418,
419: progress of reformation, 454,
529-534: visit of Farel to, 531-
533: singing of Psalms there, 562:
letter of Capito to, 572

bishop of, (Chris. d'Utten-
heim,) 369, 419, 529, 539, 570

Bavaria: diffusion of reformed prin- | Bothan, Jerome, 571

ciples there, 105

Bavarian Articles, the, M. on, 145,
214, 253-255

Beausobre, remark on, 341
Benefices, abuses concerning, 389,

390

Bremgarten, repulse of Samson
there, 363. See Bullinger.
Brentius, his sufferings in the Smal-
kaldic war, &c. 32: received by
Ulric of Wurtemberg, 32: his
confession of faith, 77: went to T.
79: on the sacramental contro-
versy, 110: his death, 139: letters
of M. to him, 121, 211
Brenwald of Embrach, 466, 521
Briçonet, bishop of Meaux, 41
Broetlin, John, 456
Brothers, Z.'s noble address to his,

408-414

Berlin, letter of M. to, 54
Berne: publication of indulgences,
360-362: reformers there, 367:
the people of, 380, 421: labours
of Haller and Meyer, 382, 420,
422: opposition to the reforma-
tion, 423 proceedings concerning
Brunner, 424: and after the dis-
putation of Zuric, 452: adopts
proposals for reformation, 509,
527: further proceedings, 525-
528, 558-562: its conduct be-
tween the other cantons and Zuric,
546-548 its alliance with Lau-Brunswick, Eric of, 4.
sanne, 548 its firmness, 566
Bersi, Mark, of Basle, 529, 571
Bertram on the sacrament, 332
Bible, Swiss translation of, 521-2
Bicocca, battle of, 393
Biderman, Wolf. of Rothweil, 537
Bienne, reformation of, 359, 537
Binder of Zuric, 416

Brucker, on M.'s Common Places,
186

Bishops: encroachments of the popes

on, 266: their residence and right,
284, 301, 305, 308: those assem-
bled at T. 323
Biveroni, James, the Grison reform-
er, 420, 542

Blaurer, Ambrose, 383, 35.-Thomas,

383

Brugiere, John of Auvergne, 41
Brunner, Fridolin, 342. George, 423
-425

Ernest of, 12-14

Philip of, 4.

Bucer of Strasburg, 372: his rejec-
tion of the Interim, 25: retires to
England, 35, 135

Bugenhagius, his death, 137
Bull, bp. his scheme of justification,

121

Bullinger, senior, repels Samson,
363. Junior, xvi. engages in the
sacramental controversy, 110: at
Cappel, 569

Burgawer, Benedict, 419, 473-4, 537,

578

Burgdorf, the dean of, 424, 428
Burkli, James, 420

Body of Christ, different senses of, Cæsaremontanus, or Keiserberger,

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authority of the Greek and Hebrew
scriptures only, 262

Calvin, 110: letter of, to M. 49: his
edition of M.'s Common Places,
184: M.'s correspondence with
him, 215

Brandenburg, John of, 4: his oppo-Cajetan, cardinal, acknowledged the
sition to the Interim, 290:-Joa-
chim of, neutral in the Smalkaldic
war, 4 his unsatisfactory con-
duct, 22, 25: he receives the In-
terim, 28: treatment of his ambas-
sadors at T. 78: Albert of, 66, 83:
two of that name, 115
Bohemia subjected by Ferdinand,
22: persecutions, 107
Books prohibited by the church of
Rome, 300

Bossuet, his cavils against M. 121,

147

Calvinism, in T. 276
Camerarius, Joac. letter of M. to, 1:
his history of the Smalkaldic war,
44: his friendly offices to M. 144,
145. Jerome, letter of M. to, 161:
his death, 165

Candles, use of at Rome, 297

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