spine in height. The first 2 soft rays are slightly higher than the adjacent spines; the 3rd ray is shorter and removed from them by a space equal to the diameter of the eye, and the membranes connecting it with the 2nd ray and with the caudal peduncle are transparent. Pectorals 12; about length of head; membranes of middle rays scalloped, outer ones incised. Ventrals 1 3; longest ray to length of head. Anal 11 20-22; rays anteriorly about equal in height to last spines of dorsal, slightly longer posteriorly; membranes incised. Caudal from to the same length as the head, slightly rounded, membranes scalloped. The profile of the body is elevated, especially at the shoulder; lateral line not very distinct, curved over pectorals. Colour, a ground of reddish or purple brown, with a row of dark ocellated spots at base of dorsal, and irregular wavy bands of silvery white markings from snout to caudal along the base of the dorsal and above and below lateral line; sometimes dark bands on back passing through the dorsal spines alternated with 6 similar bands from anal across the lateral line. Pectorals, ventrals, and caudal barred with brown and white. Two specimens, 56 mm. and 88 mm. in length respectively, from weedy rock-pools at St. James and Kalk Bay; not often to be found. CLINUS ACUMINATUS, C. and V. Clinus acuminatus, Cuv. and Val., xi, p. 370; Günth., iii, p. 269; Kner, Novara, p. 302. Teeth, a band of sharp-pointed, slightly recurved teeth on each jaw; the outer row sometimes enlarged, especially anteriorly, in mature specimens; a small chevron-shaped band on vomer. Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 to 4 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 1 to 12 times diameter of eye, which is 4 to 6 times in length of head; interorbital width to 1 diameter of eye; depth of caudal peduncle 3 to 4 times in length of head. A short tentacle above posterior upper angle of each orbit, consisting of a short fleshy stalk or base with 4 or 5 cirri at the end; interorbital space convex. Snout subconical; jaws about equal, the lower sometimes slightly longer than upper; maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third or middle of orbits; mucous pores on head and round posterior margin of orbits; dorsal profile slightly elevated at shoulder. Dorsal xxxi-xxxiii 5-7 ; commences in line with posterior margin of preoperculum and reaches almost to base of caudal, slightly emarginate; spines erect and moderately strong, usually with extremities free and a short lobe on each; the first 2 or 3 generally about length of head, the succeeding spines gradually lengthening until the last is about 1 times as high as the 1st. Soft portion of fin higher than spinous, anteriorly the rays are about longer than adjacent spines; posteriorly they successively shorten, giving a rounded margin to fin. Pectorals 12, rounded, middle rays longest, from to length of head. Ventrals 1 2-3; from to length of head, 3rd ray when apparent is very short. Anal II 21-22; the rays anteriorly are about same height as last spine of dorsal, posteriorly they lengthen slightly; extremities of rays free, membranes incised. Caudal rounded, about length of head. 0 Colour, usually light green, or light greenish or yellowish brown or grey, speckled with minute white spots and with from 4 to 6 irregular dark brown transverse bands on body; sometimes the ground colour is of a darker shade, often with irregular clusters of white specks along base of dorsal fin; belly of a light shade. Over 40 specimens examined, ranging from 22 mm. to 102 mm. in length. A shapely, active, rather shy little fish, abundant on the littoral of the Cape Peninsula, frequenting rock-pools and ledges about low tide mark. CLINUS COTTOIDES, C. and V. Clinus cottoides, Cuv. and Val., xi, p. 367; Günth., iii, p. 269; Kner, Novara, p. 202. Teeth, a row of sharp, slightly curved teeth, with 2 clusters or a band behind the anterior part, on each jaw. Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 to 41 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 1 to 13 times diameter of eye, which is 1 to 13 times interorbital width and 3 to 4 times in length of head; depth of caudal peduncle 3 to 4 times in length of head. A tentacle over each orbit, consisting of a fringe of 5 or 6 cirri on a broad peduncle or base; interorbital space with a longitudinal depression, with a bold orbital ridge; a transverse depression behind orbits. Profile of head rounded, snout blunt; cleft f mouth wide, jaws about equal, maxillary reaches to vertical of ddle of orbits; eyes prominent. Dorsal xxxii-xxxiv 4-6; slightly emarginate, commences in line with or a little behind posterior margin of preoperculum and reaches almost to base of caudal; spines erect and moderately strong, low anteriorly. First spine to length of head, succeeding 5 or 6 lengthen rapidly, the remaining spines more gradually; the last spine is generally from 1 times to twice the length of the 1st. The anterior soft rays are a little longer than adjacent spines, the posterior rays successively decrease. Pectorals 13; broad, rounded, and to length of head, reaching to in line with origin of anal. Ventrals 1 2-3; from to length of head, 3rd ray when apparent 3 7 is very small. Anal II 21-24; about equal in height to longest spines of dorsal; membranes incised. Caudal slightly rounded, to length of head. Colour, usually yellowish brown, yellowish or brownish green of various shades, or light green; mottled with brown or yellow and often speckled with grey and white; a row of dark, irregularlyshaped spots or blotches along the base of the dorsal extending on to the fin; a dark, irregularly shaped spot on operculum. About 60 specimens examined, ranging from 23 mm. to 120 mm. in length, from False Bay; common in the weed-grown rock-pools on the foreshore, and apparently quite at ease in sun-heated tidal pools 2 or 3 inches deep. It does not seem to attain any much larger size. CLINUS TAURUS, n. sp. Teeth, an outer row of strong close-set pointed teeth on each jaw, with smaller teeth behind in a lunate band, broader on upper jaw; broad chevron-shaped band (about 4 rows) on vomer. Depth of body 3 to 4 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 to 4 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 1 to 11 times diameter of eye, which is 3 to 4 times in length of head; interorbital width to 1 diameter of eye; depth of caudal peduncle 3 to 43 times in length of head. A tentacle above each orbit, consisting of a short broad stalk or peduncle frequently twisted or bifurcated and heavily fringed at the end, often resembling a shaggy eyebrow; interorbital space flattened or slightly concave, and with a prominent ridge over each orbit; eyes prominent; head broad; profile blunt, rising abruptly from snout to orbits; snout short and broad; mouth wide and cavernous, maxillary reaches the vertical of the middle or posterior half of the orbits, jaws equal; many mucous pores on interorbital space, occiput, and shoulders, and a row of irregular clusters down posterior margin of preoperculum. Dorsal xxxi-xxxv 5-6; commences a little in advance of posterior margin of preoperculum and extends nearly to the root of the caudal; emarginate, especially anteriorly, the notch between 3rd and 4th spines usually deep. Spines erect and strong, especially the first 3; the 1st and 2nd are about equal in length and to length of head; the 4th spine is the shortest, the next 3 or 4 gradually lengthen, the succeeding spines being of uniform height, slightly longer than the 1st; the last is the longest in the fin, but lower than the soft rays; the anterior rays are 1 to 1 times the length of the 1st spine; posteriorly the rays shorten, giving a rounded termination to the fin. Pectorals 12, from to length of head, broad and pointed, the rays of the lower half longer than those of the upper, membranes incised. Ventrals 13; from to length of head, 3rd ray minute, sometimes only just apparent. Anal II 22-24; slightly higher posteriorly, the rays having about their length free and membranes deeply incised. Colour, often very striking and bizarre, especially in the adult specimens, very variable as to the shades and arrangement of the hues. Usually a ground of yellow ochre, reddish brown, dark brown or bronze green, with 3 or 4 dark transverse bands; body, head, and anterior portion of dorsal often splashed or blotched with large irregular patches of white or red; fins generally tipped with orange or red, and often mottled with brown or green. Sometimes irregular pinkish blotches (which get very vivid when the fish is frightened or angry), covering head and shoulders and showing on upper part of body and on dorsal fin between the transverse bars; the throat and lower part of cheek and opercles often covered with irregular yellow and black markings. The fish, which when mature has rather a fierce aspect, possesses in a marked degree the power of changing its colour. It is found on most of the foreshore of the Cape Peninsula where rock, sand and weed intermingle; and in its immature or half-grown stage is often difficult to distinguish from C. cottoides. About 30 specimens examined, ranging in length from 97 mm. to 185 mm., from False Bay and Kommetje. CLINUS LATIPINNIS, C. and V. Clinus latipinnis, Cuv. and Val., xi, p. 394; Günth., iii, p. 264 (quoted); Cast. Mem., p. 53. Ophthalmolophus latipinnis, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1860, p. 103. Teeth, a row of sharp-pointed teeth on each jaw, with a band or cluster of smaller ones behind on anterior portion of jaws; a curved band on vomer. Depth of body 4 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 5 times. Distance from eye to point of snout equals diameter of eye, which is 4 times in length of head; interorbital width diameter of eye; depth of caudal peduncle 31 times in length of head. Profile of head rounded; a slight transverse depression behind orbits, which have their upper margin swollen, interorbital space concave; a short thick fleshy tentacle at upper posterior angle of each orbit, slightly flattened at the end and branched, and with a broad fringe or row of cirri; posterior nostrils very prominent as open tubes, anterior nostrils with a plain tentacle; snout blunt; cleft of mouth oblique, maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior third of orbits; mucous pores on interorbital space, round the eyes, and on shoulder and preoperculum. Dorsal xxxiv 9; commences a little behind posterior margin of preoperculum and reaches almost to caudal; low anteriorly, the 1st spine about length of head, the succeeding 8 or 9 lengthening to a little more than length of head and the remainder subequal up to the last 3 or 4, which are slightly longer. Soft portion of fin more elevated than spinous, the anterior rays about longer than adjacent spines. Pectorals 13, broad and rounded, more than length of head, membranes of lower rays incised. Ventrals 1 3, nearly length of head, 3rd ray minute. Anal II 26; anteriorly the rays are about equal in length to last spine of dorsal, posteriorly they are about longer; membranes incised. Caudal nearly length of head, slightly rounded, membranes scalloped. Tubes of lateral line (66) well marked. Colour (of preserved specimen), brownish, with minute dark specks on body and faint indistinct transverse bands; pectorals and caudal with brown dots forming transverse bars. One specimen, 102 mm. in length, caught at St. James (False Bay). CLINUS ROBUSTUS, n. sp. Teeth, an outer row of strong conical teeth on each jaw, with an inner band broad at the symphysis on the upper jaw, and a cluster on each side of symphysis of lower jaw, the teeth in the posterior row of each cluster being longer than the others; a broad curved band on vomer. Depth of body 3 to 4 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 33 to 4 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 1 to 2 times diameter of eye, which is equal to or a little greater than interorbital width and 5 to 7 times in length of head. Depth of caudal peduncle 4 to 5 times in length of head. Head broad and |