of caudal peduncle 2 to 23 times in length of head. Superciliary margin slightly swollen with a short fringed tentacle above each orbit; interorbital space concave; snout almost vertical, with a patch of hairlike filaments or cirri on upper lip and a few smaller ones on the lower; maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior margin of orbits, upper lip overhangs lower. Dorsal xii 21; commences in line with posterior margin of operculum, notched, and is joined to base of caudal by a short membrane. Spines weak and slightly lower than rays; spinous portion slightly higher in centre and separated from soft portion by a deep notch caused by shortening of posterior and especially last spine. Pectorals 14; slightly longer than head, broad and pointed. Ventrals 12; to length of head. Anal 22; slightly less in height than soft dorsal, membranes incised. Caudal slightly longer than head, rounded, rays divided at extremities. Lateral line very indistinct. Colour (of preserved specimens), body with a few indefinite transverse streaks anteriorly and with black spots posteriorly; spinous dorsal with black spots arranged in horizontal lines, soft dorsal with black spots in lines passing backwards and upwards. Two specimens, 60 mm., 62 mm. in length respectively, from Mr. Robinson, Natal; caught in bathing pool at Bluff, Durban. SALARIAS DUSSUMIERI, C. and V. Salarias dussumieri, Cuv. and Val., xi., p. 310; Jerdon, M.J.L. and Sc., 1851, p. 144; Günth., Catal., iii., p. 251; Playfair, Fish. Zanz., p. 77, pl. ix., f. 6, 7. ? Salarias striato-maculatus, Kner. and Steind., Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien., 1866, liv., p. 368, f. 4. No canine teeth. Depth of body equals length of head and is 5 to 5 times in total length excluding caudal. Distance from eye to point of snout equals diameter of eye, which is twice interorbital width and 34 to 4 times in length of head; depth of caudal peduncle nearly length of head. A crest-like flap about diameter of eye in height on head from interorbital space to neck, a many-fringed tentacle above each orbit and one on anterior nostril; head blunt, profile of snout almost vertical; upper lip thick and overhanging lower, maxillary reaches beyond vertical of posterior margin of orbits; eyes prominent, placed high up and far forward. Dorsal xiii 20-22; originates above base of pectorals and reaches to base of caudal, to which it is joined by a membrane, a notch between spinous and soft-rayed portions caused by shortening of posterior spines. The spines are weak and flexible, about subequal to the 5th, from which to the 9th they are slightly longer and about length of head, the last 3 spines successively shorten; soft portion of fin higher than the spinous, the 1st ray slightly lower than succeeding ones, which are about length of head. Pectorals 14; rounded, about length of head, lower rays incised. Ventrals 13; about length of head, 3rd ray minute. Anal 25-26; first 2 rays very small, remainder about height of longest dorsal spines, membranes deeply incised. Caudal broad and rounded, inner rays divided at end and the middle ones longest, about length of head. Colour (of preserved specimens), brown, body crossed by numerous dark lines which here and there become broad and fuse, forming irregular dark bands across the body; spinous dorsal with dark marks forming parallel horizontal lines, a black spot behind top of first spine, margin of soft dorsal spotted, dark line over the fin passing upward and backwards from head, dark spots on upper half of caudal. Six specimens, ranging in length from 63 mm. to 83 mm., from Mr. Robinson, Natal. CLINUS, Cuv. Carnivorous fish living generally amongst the rocks and seaweed on the littoral, and in some cases on rocky banks in deeper water; generally viviparous; mostly of small size, ranging from 3 or 4 inches to 12 or 14 inches in length. Some species are very abundant in South African waters, and many of them are of excellent flavour and much esteemed for the table. Body elongate and usually covered with small scales more or less deeply embedded in the skin. Teeth either in a single series or as an outer row with a band or clusters of smaller teeth behind; usually a curved band on vomer. Eyes generally placed high on the head and more or less movable in all directions like a chameleon's. With or without orbital tentacles. Dorsal fin continuous, extending the whole length of the back and sometimes joined to the caudal; consisting of many spines and one or more soft rays. Sometimes the first three spines form a more or less elevated crest, a little removed from but joined to the succeeding spines. Anal fin with two spines and many soft rays. Ventrals with one spine hidden in the skin and two or three soft rays. Colour uniform or in many shades and patterns. to 1. Anterior crest high-in males falciform, from 2. Crest lower and triangular, about the same in both sexes. 3. Crest more or less fan-shaped, with slender flexible spines. Snout obtuse. D. iii xxx-xxxiii 6-8, A. ii 25-28, V. 1 2 .. 4. Crest lower than last spine of dorsal, separated from remainder of fin by a deep notch, the membrane joined to the base of 4th spine; a shallow transverse depression behind orbits; eyes placed high up and slightly directed upwards. Scales distinct and comparatively large. D. iii xxxii 5, A. ii 23, V. 1 3 (2) No orbital tentacles 5. Crest low; succeeding spines grouped in twos and threes, the membranes connecting groups generally transparent. Caudal peduncle long and slender. D. iii xxiii-xxiv 3-4, A. ii 15-17, V. 13 C. superciliosus. C. superciliosus, var. arborescens. C. ornatus. C. brevicristatus. .. C. mus. 6. Crest not much elevated, semi-detached, the connecting membrane attached low down on 4th spine. D. iii xxvii-xxviii 4-5, A. ii 21-22, V. 1 3 .. .. 7. Dorsal more or less undulating, crest rounded and 8. Crest not much elevated, 3rd spine a little removed from (b) No DORSAL CREST. (1) With orbital tentacles. 9. Dorsal low anteriorly, spines erect and increasing in height posteriorly; soft part of fin more elevated than spinous. Snout sub-conical. D. xxxi-xxxiii 5-7, A. ii 21-22, V. 1 2-3 C. laurentii. C. fucorum. C. pavo. C. acuminatus. 10. A transverse groove behind orbits, head rounded. Eyes prominent and with a pronounced ridge over them. D. xxxii-xxxiv 4-6, A. ii 21-24, V. 1 2-3 11. Dorsal with membranes of anterior spines notched, especially between 3rd and 4th spines. A transverse groove behind orbits. Orbital tentacles very pronounced and heavily fringed. Aspect fierce. D. xxxii-xxxv 5-6, A. ii 22-24, V. 1 3 12. Dorsal low in anterior third, subequal posteriorly; soft rays nearly twice as high as spines. A slight transverse groove behind orbits. Posterior nostrils prominent. D. xxxiv 9, A. ii 26, V. 1 3 13. Anterior spines of dorsal erect and strong, further apart individually, especially the 3rd and 4th, the remainder generally subequal. Soft rays more elevated than spines. Lips with perpendicular corrugations. D. xxxii-xxxiv 10-14, A. ii 27, V. 1 3.. C. cottoides. C. taurus. C. latipinnis. C. robustus. 14. Dorsal with 1st spine weak and generally shorter than C. capensis. 16. Dorsal with only one soft ray. Spines low anteriorly, 17. Dorsal joined to caudal by a membrane forming a deep notch between them: first four spines a little further apart individually. Body elongate. D. xlviii-xlix 3-4, A. ii 33-36, V. 1 3 18. Similar to preceding, but head more pointed. Snout conical. Longitudinal bands on body. D. xli-xliv 2-3, A. ii 31, V. 1 3 (2) No orbital tentacles. 19. Dorsal with a notch between spinous and soft-rayed portions. First 3 spines a little apart from others, 1st and 2nd close together. Head blunt. D. xxix 9-10, A. ii 23-24, V. 1 3 20. Dorsal with first 3 spines erect, strong, higher than succeeding and slightly further apart individually; anterior soft rays about 1 times height of adjacent spines. Scales relatively distinct. D. xxxi-xxxiii 5–6, A. ii 21–24, V. 13.. C. anguillaris. C. striatus. C. brachycephalus. C. graminis. 21. Dorsal with last soft ray curved and joined to caudal by a broad membrane. A row of pores on each side of lateral line. No scales on body. D. xxxix-xl 3, A. ii 27-28, V. 13 22. Dorsal spines of uniform height, soft rays a little higher. D. xxx 6, A. ii 21 .. CLINUS SUPERCILIOSUS, L. C. biporosus. .. C. heterodon. Clinus superciliosus, Linn. Syst., i., p. 442; Cuv. and Val., xi., p. 360, pl. 331; Cast. Mém., p. 51; Günth., iii., p. 268; Bleeker, Vische v. d. Kaap, pp. 55, 70; Kner, Novara, p. 200. Blennius capensis, Forst., Descr. An., p. 408. ? Blennius rubescens, Lichtenst., Travels. Blennius versicolor, Pappe, Synops., p. 19; Bleeker, Vische v. d. Kaap, pp. 55, 70. Clinus dubius, Cast. Mém., p. 51. Clinus pantherinus, Cast. Mém., p. 52. Clinus marmoratus, Cast. Mém., p. 52. Teeth, an outer row of strong sharp teeth on each jaw, with smaller teeth behind; a curved band on vomer. Depth of body 3 to 4 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 to 4 times. Distance from eye to point of snout 1 to 1 times diameter of eye, which is from slightly under 1 to 13 times interorbital width and 4 to 6 times in length of head; depth of caudal peduncle 21 to 3 times in length of head. Profile of head more or less pointed; interorbital space flat or slightly convex, generally with a slight longitudinal groove or indent down the middle; eyes situated high on the head; a tentacle over upper posterior angle of each orbit consisting of a fleshy stalk slightly flattened at the end and divided, with two or three filaments on end and sides, the colour generally a dark blackish brown or liver colour; jaws about equal, the lower sometimes slightly longer; cleft of mouth lateral, maxillary reaches to vertical of middle or posterior margin of orbits. In deep-water specimens the lips appear to be thinner than in those of the littoral, and the mouth more cavernous. Dorsal III Xxx-xxxviii 5-9; commences about in line with posterior margin of preoperculum and extends to within a short distance of base of caudal. The first 3 spines are separated from the remainder by a membrane whose length is equal to or slightly greater than the distance between the bases of the 1st and 3rd spines; this membrane is attached somewhat low down on the |