pediment; and oppofite to this on the north fide, is the like door-cafe. And in brief, all the apertures are not only judicioufly difpofed for commodioufness, illumination of the fabrick, &c. but are very ornamental.

At the west end is an acroteria of the figures of the twelve apoftles, each about cleven feet high, with that of St. Paul on the angle of the pediment, and those of the four evangelifts, two of each cumbent between as many angles on a circular pediment; over the dials of the clock on the fronts of the two towers also an entablature, and circles of enrichment, where twelve ftones compofe the aperture, answering to the twelve hours.

The said towers are adorned with circular ranges of columns of the Corinthian order, with domes upon the upper part, and at the vertex of each a curious pine-apple.

The choir has its roof fupported with fix fpacious pillars, and the church with fix more; befides which there are eight that fupport the cupola, and two very fpacious ones at the west end. All which pillars are adorned with pilasters of the Corinthian and Compofite orders, and alfo with columns fronting the cross-ifle or ambulatory between the confiftory and morning-prayer-chapel, which have each a very beautiful fcreen of curious wainscot, and adorned each with twelve columns, their entablatures arched pediments, and the king's arms, enriched with cherubims, and each pediment between four vafes, all curiously carved; and these screens are fenced with iron-work, as is also the cornish at the west end of the church, and so eastward beyond the first arch.

The pillars of the church that fupport the roof, are two ranges, with their entablature and beautiful arches, whereby the body of the church and choir are divided into three parts or ifles; the roof of each is adorned with arches, and spacious peripheries of enrichments, as fhields, leaves, chaplets, &c. (the spaces included being fomewhat concave) admirably carved in stone; and there is a large cross-ifle between the north and fouth porticos, and two ambulatories, the one a little eastward, the other weftward from the faid cross-ifle, and running parallel therewith. The floor of the whole is paved with marble, but under the cupola and within the rail of the altar, with fine porphyry, polished and laid in feveral geometrical figures.

The altar-piece is adorned with four noble fluted pilafters, finely painted and veined with gold, in imitation of lapis lazuli, with their entablature, where the enrichments, and also the capitals of the pilafters, are double gilt with gold. These intercolumns are twenty-one pannels of figured crimson velvet, and above them fix windows, viz. in each intercolumniation, seven pannels and two windows one above the other; at the greatest altitude above all which, is a glory finely done. The aperture north and fouth into the choir, are (afcending up three steps of black marble) by two iron foldingdoors, being (as that under the organ-gallery, &c.) exquifitely wrought into divers figures, fpiral branches, and other flourishes; and there are two others at the weft end of the choir, the one opening into the fouth ifle, the other in the north, done by the celebrated artist in this way, monfieur Tijan.

And what contributes to the beauty of this choir, are the galleries, the bishop's throne, lord mayor's feat, with the ftalls; all which being contiguous, compofe one vaft body of carved work of the finest wainscot, conftituting three fides of a quadrangle.

The cupola (within the church) appears erected and elevated on eight pillars of a large magnitude, adorned with pilafters, entablature, circular pediments, and arches of the Corinthian order, and each pillar enriched with a fpacious feftoon; here are alfo as many alcoves fronted with curious iron-work, and over the arches, at a great height

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height from the ground, is on entablature, and on the cornifh an ambulatory, fronted or fenced in with handfome iron-work, extending round the infide of the cupola, above which is a range of thirty-two pilafters of the Corinthian order, where every fourth intercolumn is adorned with a nich and fome enrichments; and, it is faid, that in every foot of altitude the diameter of this decreaseth one inch.

On the outfide of the dome, about twenty feet above the outer roof of the church, is a range of thirty-two columns, with niches of the fame altitude, and directly counter to those aforefaid within the cupola: to thefe columns there is entablament, and above that a gallery with acroteria, where are placed very spacious and ornamental vafes all round the cupola: at twelve feet above the tops of these vafes (which space is adorned with pilafters and entablament, and the intercolumns are windows) the diameter is taken in (as appears outwardly) five feet, and two feet higher it decreases five feet, and a foot above that, it is fill five feet lefs, where the dome outwardly begins to arch, which arches meet about fifty-two feet higher in perpendicular altitude, on the vertex of which dome is a neat balcony, and above this a large and beautiful lantern, adorned with columns of the Corinthian order, with a ball and crofs at the top.

Chrift's hofpital is fituated between Newgate-street and St. Bartholomew's Hospital in Smithfield. Here, as has been obferved already, was anciently a monaftery of grey friars, founded about the year 1325, which, upon the diffolution of monafteries, was furrendered to King Henry VIII. anno 1538, who, in the last year of his reign, tranfferred it to the city of London for the ufe of the poor. King Edward VI. endowed this hofpital (together with thofe of Bridewell and St. Thomas's Hofpital in Southwark) with large revenues, of which the city were made truftees, and incorporated by the name of the mayor, commonalty, and citizens of the city of London, governors of the poffeffions, revenues, and goods of the hospitals of Christ, Bridewell, and St. Thomas the Apostle, to whom the king granted 3,266/. 13s. 4d. per annum.

It was opened in the year 1552, in the month of November; and a good writingfchool was added to this foundation in the year 1694, by Sir John More, knt. and alderman.

The children admitted into this hofpital are prefented every year by the lord-mayor and aldermen, and the other governors in their turns, a lift of whom is printed yearly, and fet up at the compting-houfe, and a letter is fent to each of the faid governors fome days before the admiflion, reminding him of the day of chufing, and how thofe he presents fhould be qualified; wherein is inclosed a blank certificate from the minister and church-wardens, a blank petition to the prefident and governors, and a paper of the rules and qualifications of the child to be prefented: Upon this, the governor having made choice of a child to prefent, the friends of the faid child come to the compting-house on the admiffion-day, bringing the faid petition and certificate, rules, and letter along with him, and on the back fide of the faid petition, the governor who prefents endorseth words to this effect:

I prefent the child mentioned in the certificate on the other fide, and believe the fame to be a true certificate: Witness my hand the Day of

Which the faid governor figneth, and the child is admitted. qualifications are as follows:

17 The faid rules and

1. That no child be taken in but fuch as are the children of freemen of London. 2. That none be taken in under seven years old.

3. That none be taken in but orphans, wanting either father or mother, or both.

4. That no foundlings, or that are maintained at the parish charge, be taken in.

5. That

5. That none who are lame, crooked, or deformed, or that have the evil, rupture, or any infectious difeafe, be taken in.

6. That none be admitted but fuch as are without any probable means of being provided for otherways; nor without a due certificate from the minifter, churchwardens, and three or four of the principal inhabitants of the parish whence any children come, certifying the poverty and inability of the parent to maintain such children, and the true age of the faid child, and engaging to discharge the hospital of them before or after the age of fifteen years if a boy, or fourteen years if a girl, which fhall be left to the governor's pleasure to do; fo that it shall be wholly in the power of the hofpital to difpofe of such child, or return them to the parent or parish, as to the hofpital fhall feem good.

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7. That no child be admitted that hath a brother or fifter in the hofpital already. 8. To the end that no children be admitted contrary to the rules abovesaid, when the general court fhall direct the taking in of any children, they fhall (before taken in) be prefented to a committee, confifting of the prefident, treafurer, or the almoners, renters, fcrutenors, and auditors, and all other governors to be fummoned at the "firft time, and fo to adjourn from time to time: and that they, or any thirteen or more of them, whereof the prefident or treasurer for the time being to be one, fhall ftrictly examine touching the age, birth, and quality of fuch children, and of the truth of the faid certificates; and when fuch committee fhall find cause, they shall 'forbid or fufpend the taking in of any child, until they receive full fatisfaction that fuch child or children are duly qualified according to the rules abovesaid.

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And that fuch children as may be prefented to be admitted in pursuance of the will of any benefactor, fhall be examined by the faid committee, who are to take care ⚫ that fuch children be qualified according to the wills of the donors or benefactors (as near as may confift with fuch wills) agreeing to the qualifications above.' The lord-mayor and court of aldermen prefent each their child yearly, but the reft of the governors only in their turns, which may happen once in three or four years. No child is continued in after fifteen years of age, except the mathematical scholars, who are fometimes in till they are eighteen, and who, at the beginning of the feventh year of their fervice as mariners, are at his majefty's difpofal; and of these children there is an account printed yearly, and prefented to the king the 1ft of January; setting forth, 1. Each boy's name; 2. The month and year when they were bound out; 3. Their age; 4. The names of their mafters; 5. The names of the fhips whereof they are commanders; 6. What country trade they are in; 7. The month and year when they will be at his majefty's difpofal: alfo an account of the forty children annually enjoying the benefit of this mathematical foundation, &c. fetting forth their names and age.

The governors, befides the lord-mayor and aldermen, are many, and commonly perfons that have been mafters or wardens of their companies, or men of eftates, from whom there is fome expectation of additional charities. Out of thefe one is made prefident, who is ufually fome ancient alderman that hath passed the chair; another is appointed treasurer, to whom the care of the house and of the revenues are committed, who is therefore ufually refident, and has a good houfe within the limits of the hofpital. There are two governors alfo, who are called almoners, whofe bufinefs it is to buy provifions for the house and fend them in, who are attended by the steward..

The children are dieted in the following manner: They have every morning for their breakfast bread and beer, at half an hour paft fix in the morning in the fummer-time, and at half an hour paft feven in the winter. On Sundays they have boiled beef and

broth

On Tuef

broth for their dinners, and for their fuppers legs and fhoulders of mutton. days and Thursdays they have the fame dinners as on Sundays, that is, boiled beef and broth; on the other days no flesh meat, but on Mondays milk-porridge, on Wednefdays furmity, on Fridays old peafe and pottage, on Saturdays water-gruel. They have roaft beef about twelve days in the year, by the kindnefs of feveral benefactors, who have left, fome 3 fome 50s per annum, for that end. Their fupper is bread and cheese, or butter for thofe that cannot eat cheefe; only Wednesdays and Fridays they have pudding-pies for fupper.

The diet of these children feems to be exceeding mean and fparing; and I have heard fome of their friends fay, that it would not be eafy for them to fubfift upon it without their affiftance. However, it is obferved they are very healthful; that out of eleven or twelve hundred, there are fcarce ever found twelve in the fick ward; and that in one year, when there were upwards of eleven hundred in this hofpital, there were not more than fifteen of them died. Befides, their living in this thrifty parfimonious manner, makes them better capable of fhifting for themselves when they come out into the world.

As to the education of these orphans, here is a grammar-fchool, a writing-school,a mathematical-school, and a drawing-school.

As to grammar and writing, they have all of them the benefit of these schools without diftinction; but the others are for fuch lads as are intended for the fea-fervice.

The first mathematical school was founded by King Charles II. anno domini 1673. His majesty gave 7000l. towards building and furnishing this fchool, and fettled a revenue of 370l. per annum upon it for ever: and there has been fince another mathematical school erected here, which is maintained out of the revenues of the hofpital, as is likewife the drawing school

This hofpital is built about a large quadrangle, with a cloister or piazza on the infide of it, which is faid to be part of the monaftery of the Grey-Friars; but most part of the houfe has been rebuilt fince the fire, and confifts of a large hall, and the feveral schools and dormitories for the children; befides which there is a fine houfe at Hertford, and another at Ware, twenty miles from London, whither the youngest orphans are usually sent and taught to read, before they are fixed at London.

The College of Phyficians is fituated on the weft fide of Warwick-lane. It is a beautiful and magnificent edifice, built by the fociety anno 1682, their former college in Amen corner having been deftroyed by the fire. It is built of brick and ftone, having a fine frontispiece, with a handsome door-cafe, within which is a lofty cupola erected on strong pillars, on the top whereof is a large pyramid, and on its vertex a crown and gilded ball. Pafling under the cupola we come into a quadrangular court, the oppofite fide whereof is adorned with eight pilafters below and eight above, with their entablature and a triangular pediment; over the door-cafe is the figure of King Charles II placed in a nich, and between the door and the lower architrave, the fol lowing infcription, viz.

VTRIVSQVE FORTVNEÆ EXEMPLAR INGENS ADVERSIS REBVS DEVM PROBAVIT PROSPERIS SEIPSVM COLLEGIJ HVJUSCE 1682. The apartments within confist of a hall, where advice is given to the poor gratis ; a committee-room, a library, another great hall where the doctors meet once a quarter, which is beautifully wainscotted, carved, and adorned with fretwork: here are the pictures of Dr. Harvey, who first discovered the circulation of the blood, and other benefactors; and northward from this, over the library, is the cenfor's room.

VOL. II.

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The theatre under the cupola, at the entrance, is furnished with fix degrees of circular wainscot feats one above the other, and in the pit is a table and three feats, one for the prefident, a fecond for the operator, and a third for the lecturer; and here the anatomy lectures are performed. In the preparing-room are thirteen tables of the muscles in a human body, each mufcle in its proper pofition.

This fociety is a body-corporate for the practice of phyfick within London, and feveral miles about it. The prefident and cenfors are chofen annually at Michaelmas. None can practife phyfick, though they have taken their degrees, without their licence, within the limits aforefaid; and they have a power to search all apothecaries' fhops, and to destroy unwholesome medicines.

By the charter of King Charles II. this college was to confift of a prefident, four cenfors, ten elects, and twenty-fix fellows; the cenfors to be chosen out of the fellows, and the president out of the elects.

By the charter granted by King James II. the number of fellows was enlarged, but not to exceed eighty; and none but those who had taken the degree of doctors in the British or foreign univerfities were qualified to be admitted members of this college.

The fellows meet four times every year, viz. on the Monday after every quarterday; and two of them meet twice a week, to give advice to the poor gratis. Here are alfo prepared medicines for the poor at moderate rates.

The prefident and four cenfors meet the first Friday in every month. The lord chancellor, chief juftices, and chief baron, are conftituted vifitors of this corporation, whose privileges are established by feveral acts of parliament.

22. Bread-street ward contains Bread-ftreet, Friday-ftreet, Diftaff-lane, Bafing-lane, part of the Old-change, part of Watling-street, part of Old Fish-street, and Trinitylane, and part of Cheapfide.

The only publick buildings in this ward are the churches of Alhallows, Bread-street, and St. Mildred, Bread-street.

23. Queenhithe ward includes part of Thames-street, Queenhithe, with the feveral lanes running fouthward to the Thames, Lambeth-hill, Fish-street-hill, Five-foot-lane, Little Trinity-lane, Bread-street-hill, Huggin-lane, with the fouth fide of Great Trinity-lane, and part of Old Fish-street.

Queenhithe lies to the weftward of the Three-cranes, and is an harbour for barges, lighters, and other veffels, that bring meal, malt, and other provifions down the Thames; being a fquare inlet, with wharfs on three fides of it, where the greatest market in England for meal, malt, &c. is held every day in the week, but chiefly on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. It received the name of Queenhithe, or Harbour, from the duties anciently paid here to the queens of England.

24. Baynard's-castle ward contains Peter's-hill, Bennet's-hill, part of Thames-street, Paul's-wharf, Puddle-dock, Addle-hill, Knightrider-street, Carter-lane, Wardrobecourt, Paul's-chain, part of St. Paul's Church-yard, Dean's-court, part of Creed-lane, and part of Warwick-lane.

The publick buildings in this ward are Doctors-Commons, the Herald's-office, the churches of St. Bennet Paul's-wharf, St. Andrew Wardrobe, and St. Mary Magdalen, Old Fish-street.

Doctors-Commons, fo called from the doctors of the civil-law commoning together here as in a college, is situated on the weft fide of Bennet's-hill, and confifts chiefly of one handsome square court. And here are held the court of admiralty, court of arches, and the prerogative-court of the archbishop of Canterbury. Near the commons are the prerogative-office and faculty-office.

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