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On we accordingly proceeded, till a dreadful noise, rumbling along the horrible crevices of the cave, gave us to understand we were near a river: to this then we, as fast as we were able, hurried. But defcripiion is inadequate to any thing like a reprefentation of the fcene. A vaft ocean feemed roaring in upon us; in fome places bursting with inconceivable impetuofity, and at others falling through dreadful chafms, burst into shaggy forms to give it vent: through this our journey was to continue, A cry of light, however, alarmed us: the confinement of the air, and the narrowness of our track, had extinguished all our torches; the candles too, all but one fmall end, were totally expended. We knew not what to do. In vain the miners hallooo'd for the fupply which was to have come behind; no answer was to be heard. Our fate feemed inevitable; but the principals of the party, fortunately, expreffed no fear. In this extremity, a gallant fellow, who yet was ignorant of the place, but from experience knew the danger we were in, fuddenly disappeared, and after groping for a confiderable time in the dark and difmal horrors of the place, at length returned to us with a fupply of candles, having difcovered his companions, unto whom they were given in charge, almoft petrified with fear, and unable to follow us from apprehenfion. Reprieved in this manner from a death which feemed to wait us, in its moft horrid form, we onward proceeded with a fresh recruit of fpirits; and plunging into the river above our waifts, fcarce tenable from the impetuofity of the torrent, cautiously picked our steps, and, at length, after a four hours moft unfpeakable fa tigue, arrived at about three hundred yards beyond the fpot, where the fubterranean paffage we had the day before explored, was expected to find an entrance into this dreadful place.

But here we were obliged to stop; a fall into a yawning gulph, in which I was providentially faved by the corner of a rock catching me by the knee, had hitherto given me an inconceivable degree of pain; but I had not spoke; it now be came scarce bearable; out, however, I was to crawl, and that too upon this tortured limb. The retreat accordingly began; but no anguish could surpass the excess of torment I was in. Often did I wish to remain where I was; no fuccour or assistance could be given me every man was painfully bufied in the charge of his own fafety, At length, having almoft worn out the other knee, and torn both my fides and back by forcing myself in thofe pofitions, I was compelled to call out for help, as we happily came to the firft opening where I could be raifed. Languor and faintnefs from what I had fuffered, had totally deprived me of my strength: I was feated on a rock, where I breathed a little freer, and fo refreshed in a few minutes, having collected myfelf as much as poffible, that I tottered through the rest of the cavern, helped where affiftance could be given me, and in that manner got to the blessed sunshine of the day,

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All the feft of the explorers were tolerably well, excepting two of our guides, one of whom had received a violent contufion on his head from a rock; and another feveral bruifes from a fall, in climbing up the laft aperture. Altogether, the depth we had defcended was about one hundred and forty fathom, or nine hundred and eighty feet, and the length about three miles, according to the miner's calculation. Neither at this diftance were we at the end; a paffage ftill continued, but fo filled with water, and fo fall of peril, that the miners themfelves were averfe to farther trial."

In treating of remote parts of the country, it is not furprifing if fome topographical inaccuracies fhould efcape the attention of a traveller. We believe, however, that our au thor's narrative is chargeable with, very few blemishes of this kind. The moft obfervable that occurs to us is his mentioning Glenorchy as a fire. If all the geographical accounts which we have seen of Scotland, be not erroneous, Glenorchy is only a district of Argylefhire.Mr. Salivan is a pleafing and fentimental traveller, fond of entertaining both himself and his readers with poetical defcription; and is fo much the philofopher, as well as facetious writer, that we find him moralizing even on the terrace at Windfor, where, we believe, the glories of the earth afford fabject of fpeculation more frequently than the nature of man.

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The New Annual Regifter, or General Repofitory of Hiftory, Politics, and Literature, for the Year 1784. To which is prefixed, Abort Reviews of the State of Knowlege, Literature, and Tafte, in this Country, from the Acceffion of Edward the First, to the Acceffion of Henry the Fourth. 8vo. 6s. 6d. half bound. Robinson.

WE

E are pleafed at feeing this collection improve in fpisit, and in tafte, while its appearance is not fo late as to lofe the bloom of youth, and the grace of novelty. We would recommend to the compiler a careful attention to the time of publication, as we fhould be glad to receive the volume earlier, if it were confiftent with the perfection which it may now boast.

The Short View of the State of Knowlege is brought down to the acceffion of Henry the Fourth, and is executed with accuracy. The British and Foreign History is related with greater precision than in the former volumes. This period of British hiftory is highly important, not on acCount of contending factions, but of the magnitude of the

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objects, and importance of the debates. We began to fee different parts of the legislature contending with each other; and, in the difpute, each party feemed to have loft fight of thofe limits by which the feparate functions and duties were conftitutionally defined. It was the beginning of anarchy; but fortunately the tumult did not run in different directions: if the people were not unanimous, there was fo great a majority on one fide, that the conteft ceafed from a deficiency in the number of contenders. It is the fate of popular delusion to fpread by ways the leaft fufpected, and a celerity almoft unexampled. This part of the work is diftinguished by its great accuracy and the juftness of the reflections; the enlightened defender of the conftitution is not filenced by the clamour of faction; nor is the judicious enquirer loft in the zealous partizan. We shall tranfcribe the concluding remarks: they deferve attention and applause.

The conduct of Mr. Pitt, in the courfe of this long and important conteft, was a fabject of much animadverfion. Those, who form their opinion from faccefs; and thofe, who regard every proceeding with admiration that is marked with inflexibility and perfeverance, have of course extolled it as a perfect and unblemished model of heroic virtue. Others, on the contrary, whofe fufpicions of obftinacy are as rooted and violent as the prejudices of the former are unreasonable, have allowed no merit to the conftancy of the minifter in the purfuit of an object, which they, in the first inftance, decided to be unjustifiable and criminal. It may, however, be doubted, whether the uniformity of Mr. Pitt were fo great, as either the admirers or the enemies of that quality have fuppofed it to be. It may reasonably be queftioned, whether he forefaw the end from the beginning; and whether he did not act upon the principle of thofe men, who, believing they have engaged in a just and an honourable caufe, pretend not to perceive, and puzzle themselves not with the investigation of the confequences of their exertions. This feems to have been the meaning of the reasonings so often repeated by Mr. Pitt. He accepted of office, and continued in it, for the fake of averting the pernicious effects of Mr. Fox's India bill, and he was fatisfied that no mifchief could refult from his perfeverance, fo greatly to be dreaded and fo much to be deplored as those which had fo lately impended over his country. Nor is it probable, either, that when the minifter authorised Mr. Bankes to make the affurances we have related upon the fubject of a diffolution, he forefaw that he should be the adviser of that measure; or that, when he pointed out to the house

of commons two conftitutional modes of removing him from the councils of his fovereign, by impeachment or by addrefs, he had formed the defign of continuing in office, notwithftanding the addreffes which were afterwards prefented.'

The different occurrences are selected with great care, and they are pointed to the important events of the period in which they occurred. The extracts are collected with judgment, from the publications of the year. The Biographical Sketch of Johnson, by Tyers, is properly preferved in this collection; and the life of the brave, the enterprifing, but unfortunate colonel Humberton, excites both our admiration and our pity. The laft is an original communication, very well written.

In the Poetry we meet with nothing original; but the different parts are well chofen. The accounts of Domestic and Foreign Literature are somewhat extended, but the decifions are generally juft: indeed this department of the work is executed with great propriety, and affumes an increasing importance. On the whole, we are much pleased with this volume; fince, like Virgil's Rumour,' it acquires force in its progrefs.

Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica. No. XXI. 4to. IS. Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica. No, XXII. 4to. 1s. 6d. Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica. No. XXIII. 4to. 95. Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica. No. XXIV. 4to. 1s. 6d. Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica. No. XXV. 4to. ìs. 6d. All published by Nichols.

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F the former Numbers of this work we have given an account at different times.-N° XXI. contains the Hiftory and Antiquities of Ecclefhal Manor and Castle; and Lichfield Houfe in London. By Mr. Pegge.-Ecclefhal, which lies in the county of Stafford, is fuppofed to derive its name from the ecclefia, or church, which, therefore, it is probable, was built at an early period. That there was a church here in the eleventh century, appears from Domesday Book; and Mr. Pegge is of opinion that it had been erected long before. The manor is extenfive, and, according to the authority of that regifter, belonged to the bishop of the diocefe.

Concerning the epifcopal houfe of Lichfield, Mr. Pegge ob. ferves that it flood at firit in the city: for, that Hugh, bishop of Coventry, he fuppofes Hugh de Novant, purchased a house for himself and fucceffors, which, by the defcription of it,

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appears to have been fituated there. But bishop Meyland or Mulent, about the year 1260, removed his habitation from the city, by making a new purchase in the Strand, on the spot where Somerset-house was afterwards erected.

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N° XXII. contains Obfervations on Croyland Abbey and Bridge. By Mr. Effex-The triangular bridge of Croyland, as the author obferves, is a ftructure worthy of notice, on ac count of the fingularity of its form. It confifts of three fquares, and an equilateral triangle about which they are placed. The bridge has three fronts; three ways over it, and the fame number beneath. The abutments are feparated by three ftreams, and are fupposed to stand in three different counties. It is in reality but one arch, compofed of three half arches, formed of three ribs, which are fegments of a circle infcribed within the three abutments, and, fpringing from low-water-mark, form three pointed arches, which unite in the triangle of the crown of the arch.

Croyland abbey was firft founded about the year 716, by king Ethelbald, who gave three hundred pounds in filver, and one hundred pounds, for ten years, towards building the church and offices belonging to it. About a hundred and fifty-four years after it was built, it was deftroyed by the Danes, who, after plundering the place of every thing valuable, burnt the church and offices. In the year 948, Tur. ketyl, the fixth abbot, began to rebuild them, and they were completed by Egelric the elder, his kinfman and fucceffor. Before the year 984, all those buildings, except the church and the abbot's apartment, were built of wood, covered with lead. The upper part of the tower of the church was likewife of wood, and probably covered with lead. In this tower began the fire which happened in Ingulphus's time. The church was again destroyed by fire, between the years 1142 and 1170, but re-built by the abbot of that time, and his two imme❤ diate fucceffors. Between the years 1253 and 1281, the west end of the church, with its turrets, and great part of the nave, were thrown down by a strong wind. Our author afterwards relates fome other changes which this place underwent, until the diffolution of the abbey by Henry VIII. He observes that the buildings and offices belonging to this abbey must have been very extenfive, as appears from the number of monks and lay-brothers, befides fervants, refident there, and upwards of a hundred monks of other monafteries, who all, when they came, had a stall in the choir, a feat in the refectory, and a bed in the dormitory. They likewise often entertained many strangers, who found among them a comfortable

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