she had rendered to Heracles for him, and of his subserviency to Thetis (comp. xx. 146); intimating that she can bring him round (373). 384. Hereupon she arms, and mounts as before the chariot of Here, to intimidate Hector (377). But Zeus threatens them, especially Athenè, through Iris, with thunderbolt gashes, that ten years will not heal. Hereupon Herè expresses to Athenè a change of mind; they drive back to Olümpos (397-435) in vexation. Zeus further rebukes and threatens them (444-456). She bears it in silence (459), while Herè and Zeus rail.

x. 245. Loves Odūsseus: Odūsseus and Diomed, 553 (cf. xxiii. 782; Od. iii. 221).

274. Sends to him and Diomed a heron as a favouring

omen.

277, 283 Each prays to her (sup. IV.) 295. She assents. 367. Gives strength to Diomed that he may overtake Dolon, and

482. That he may slay the Thracians. Follows him, 516. 460. Odūsseus dedicates to her the spoils of Dolon (570) with invocation.

507. Admonishes Diomed to retire lest còs aλos give the alarm to the Trojans (sup. IV. in fin.).

578. Libation to Athenè.

xi. 45. Jointly with Herè, thunders in honour of Agamemnon armed.

437. Would not suffer the spear of Sokos, which had wounded Odüsseus, to reach a vital part.

714. Had come as ayyedos from Olumpos in Nestor's youth to bid the Pylians arm against the Elians: had caused Nestor to arm, and to excel (721).

736. Invoked by the Pylians, together with Zeus, when they engaged (758). She bid them desist from the pursuit.

xiv. 178. Embroidered an ambrosial garment for Herè. xv. 121–142. Rebuke of Arès, in Olympian palace (sup. V D.); whom she replaces in his seat.

xvii. 543-573. The turning point of the Poem (cf. xviii. 239). With commission from Zeus, whose design (vóos) is now changed, she descends to incite the Greeks in the battle over the body of Patroclos (sup. V. A.), and inspires Menelaos with active daring.

xviii. 203-218. Covers Achilles with her aigis, and casts a halo round his head, for his appearance (unarmed) and his shouts from the trench, whereat the Trojans are confounded. She answers (echoes?) the shout.

xix. 349-354. Commissioned by Zeus, eagerly descends and instils nectar and ambrosia into the breast of the fasting Achilles to sustain him.

xx. 32-37. With the other gods of the Greek party, takes her place by the ships for the Theomachy. 48. Shouts for them from the wall and the shore. 69. Pitted against

Arès.

94-96. Cited as shedding light in front of Achilles on the field, and bidding him slay.

313. How, with Herè, she had sworn many oaths never to rescue or spare a Trojan.

438-441. In the preluding encounter, diverts the spear of Hector from Achilles, and causes it to return to him.

xxi. 400-433. In the Theomachy, vainly struck by Arès on her Aigis, she dashes him to the ground with a great stone (sup. V. D.). She then, incited by Herè, and herself eager, overthrows Aphroditè in like manner, by a blow on the breast with her massive hand," who was leading him off; and is amazed (430) at the audacity of the two.

xxii. 174-187. Zeus having started the idea of perhaps saving Hector, she remonstrates; he may do it, but not with the approval of the rest.

ἔρδ ̓ ἄταρ οὐ τοι πάντες ἐπαινέομεν θεοὶ ἄλλοι.

He disclaims any set purpose; and encourages her to work her will. She descends, and (214-224) mightily encourages Achilles, promising joint action (voi y Añа . . . Έκτορα δηώσαντε, κ.τ.λ.).

226-247. Personates Deiphobos to induce Hector to engage : and then (294-299) abandons him. He recognizes her fraud (ἔμε δ ̓ ἐξαπάτησεν ̓Αθ.).

275-277. She picks up the overthrown spear Achilles had discharged, and gives it back to him, unseen by Hector. xxiii. 388. Restores to Diomed his whip; 392 breaks the yoke of the chariot of Eumelos; 399-405 gives courage and speed to Diomed's horses, and gets him the victory.

768-777. Secures to Odüsseus, when losing, the victory in the foot-race.

xxiv. 25. Mindful of the ary of Paris, she has no pity for the dead Hector.

100. Cedes to Thetis on her arrival the place of honour by Zeus.

Here her action naturally ceases. She can have no interest in the remainder of the proceedings, as they are for the mitigation of the Trojan woe.

(b.) The Action of Athene of the Odyssey.

i. 44-62. In the Olympian Council, agreeing that Aigisthos suffers rightly, she pleads for Odüsseus, detained from home by Calipso, though constant in the duty of sacrifice. 80-95. Zeus having admitted the plea, she proposes-(@) that Hermes shall carry to Calipso the decree for the return; (b) that she herself shall repair to Ithaca, embolden Telemachos to protest against the misdeeds of the Suitors, and attend him to Pulos and Sparta on a voyage of inquiry.

96-112. With foot-wings and a spear she appears as Mentes, amidst the revels at the palace of Odūsseus, sup. VIII. (2.).

113-143. Known as a reinos by Telemachos, is welcomed and set at a table apart, before discourse. After the Suitors have feasted, questioned by Telemachos, she describes herself as Mentes (180), assures him his father is alive (196), and, although no prophet or augur, predicts his return home (203).

221-229. Inquires as to affairs in Ithaca.

274-305. After warning Telemachos by references to his father, advises him to summon an Assembly, publicly require the Suitors to return home, and his mother also if she be desirous to remarry; then himself to make a tour of inquiry about his father, and wait a year for him if alive,

but, if dead, celebrate his funeral rites and slay the Suitors, as Orestes slew Aigisthos.

319-323. Having filled him with courage she flies away in the form of the bird Anopaia, VIII. (3.), and in the act is recognized by him as a deity.

363-364. Sheds sleep on the eyelids of Penelope.

ii. 116-119. Had given Penelopè mind (ppéves coλaí), industrial skill (pya), and resource or craft (képdea), beyond all Greek women.

260. Invoked as the visitor-god of yesterday by Telemachos ( χθιζὸς θεὸς ἤλυθες ἡμέτερον δῶ for aid against the obstruction of the Suitors.

267. Appearing in answer as Mentor, advises him to make ready his ship, and promises to assist.

382-419. She obtains a ship and crew, whom she musters at eventide; makes the Suitors drowsy, and sends them to bed; fetches Telemachos, and they embark, sitting astern; sends a rattling breeze to carry them (420). Libation to the gods, most of all to Athenè (432).

iii. 12-30. She leads the way in disembarking at Pulos, and chidingly exhorts the youth to speak freely to Nestor, assuring him the gods are with him.

31-62. At the feast of Poseidon, which is proceeding, they are greeted by Peisistratos, and placed between Nestor and Thrasumedes. She, as senior, first receives the cup of libation, and prays aloud to Poseidon, but herself executes the prayer.

76. Emboldens Telemachos to answer the inquiries of Nestor.

133-147. How, in concert with Zeus, she caused the dissensions of the Greeks about embarcation, as she cherished wrath against Agamemnon and Menelaos, for their offence in calling an evening Assembly, cf. v. 108, 109. 221. Her love for Odüsseus in Troas.

229. Rebukes Telemachos for despair concerning his father, though death cannot be averted even by the gods. 330. Recommends retiring to rest seasonably, but with libation first, to Poseidon and the other immortals. 371-384. Assuming the form of a Phenè, VIII. (3.), she disappears; is recognized by Nestor, who entreats her favour, with promise to sacrifice a heifer; she grants it. 417-463. On the following day this vow is solemnly executed. iv. 758-766. On the recommendation of Eurucleia, who had declared her able to save even from death, Penelope craves of Athenè, in the name of the sacrifices offered by Odūsseus, the safety of her son. Accepted. 795-829. Accordingly Athenè sends an Eidolon, in the likeness of Iphthimè, her sister, who announces her mission from the goddess, and declares the safety of her son. v. 5-28. In Olympian council, she restates the detention of Odūsseus, as a discouragement to the virtue of kings; whereupon Zeus at once executes the plan of dispatching Hermes to Ogugiè.

382. Binding up the other winds, sends a sharp Boreas to drift Odüsseus to Scherie.

427. Prompts him to cling to the rock. 435-440. And to strike out swimming from the breaker.

491-493. Sends him sleep in his exhaustion.

vi. 2-40. Repairs to the palace of Alkinoos in Scheriè, and VIII. (2.) 9, suggests to Nausicaa the washing-trip, which follows accordingly.

41. Returns to Olumpos, but (112) causes Nausicaa's ball to fall into the thicket, in order to rouse Odüsseus, and bring him before her.

139. Emboldens Nausicaa to await him.

229-231. Gives him height and beauty, and soft hyacinthine hair (viii. 18).

291. Her grove (321). He prays for a good reception; and she complies, but without Theophany, not appearing as yet in her own person, out of respect for her uncle, and his enemy, Poseidon (323-331; comp. xiii. 341).

vii. 14, 39, 140. She keeps him enveloped in cloud until he reaches the royal presence.

19, 27, 46, 78–80. As a maiden, meets him, and leads him to the palace (cf. xiii. 322). She then, returning to the Greek world, repairs by way of Marathon to Athens.

viii. 7-15. As the Herald, summons the Phaiakes to the assembly.

18-23. Further gift to him of beauty and stature, that he may win favour, and for the Games.

193-201. Appearing as a man, marks the throw of Odūsseus at quoits (diokos), and declares it cannot be beaten, whereupon he takes confidence.

493. Had aided Epeios in constructing the wooden horse. xi. 547. Had acted, with certain Trojans, as judge in the case of the Achillean Arms.

623-626. See sup. VI. A.

xiii. 187-193. Enveloped Odüsseus in cloud that he might not be prematurely known in Ithaca.

221-249. Appears to him as a young lord-shepherd: tells him he is in Ithaca, and gives him a description of it. 287-310. He having endeavoured to pass himself off as a Cretan, she assumes the form of a woman, is pleased, and announces herself as supreme among all gods in counsel and craft, just as he is among men.

311-328. He says he had missed her care from the time of leaving Troas, till she led him into the Scherian city: and entreats to be told if it is Ithaca.

329-352. Tells him why her care was in abeyance (sup. vi. 328), explains the local features, and dispels the cloud of

vapour.

355-362. He having in prayer to the Nymphs referred to her as his providence, she tells him he need not fear. 363-371. Advises and superintends the deposit of the property.

372-428. They sit down to concoct their plans against the Suitors. 429-439. As part of them she with a wand transforms Odüsseus into a shrunken, bald, blear-eyed (κνύζωσὲν δὲ οἱ ὄσσε), and ragged old man.

439. She repairs to Lacedæmon (xv. 1); but has first shown him the way (xiv. 2) to the house of Eumaios.

xv. 7—43. In Lacedæmon, by night, she instructs Telemachos. VIII. (1.), to repair home; and how to escape the plots of the Suitors; which he does.

xvi. 155–171. Appearing as a woman to Odusseus, directs him to reveal himself to his son, and engages to be with them.

172-176. Again using the rod, she retransforms Odūsseus
to the beauty of prime, with good clothing (cf. 207–212).
280. She will suggest to Odüsseus the proper time to stow
away the arms in his Palace (cf. xix. 2, 33).
451. Gives Penelope her sleep.

454-459. Again transforms Odūsseus to a mean figure, lest
Eumaios should recognize him, and inform Penelope.

xvii. 63. Gives Telemachos an infinite grace.

361. Urges the disfigured Odüsseus to ascertain, by begging, who of the Suitors may be (èvaíoquos), well-disposed. xviii. 69. Stoutens (dave), the limbs of Odüsseus for the fight with Iros.

155. Causes Amphinomos (who had given loaves, and had in consequence been warned by Odūsseus to depart) to remain and be slain.

158. Inclines Penelope to show herself, and win admiration from the Suitors, for greater honour in the eyes of her husband and son. With this view sends her to sleep, and gives her immortal gifts of size, beauty, and ivory skin. Then departs (187-197; cf. 212, 291).

346. Causes the Suitors to persevere in their insolence (xx. 283).

xix. 2. Aids the thought of Odussens about stowing away the arms. 33. Guides him with a light. 52. Continuously acts on his mind (cf. 2).

479. Bewilders the mind of Eurucleia after her recognition, to prevent premature disclosure. Odüsseus then lays hold of her throat.

604. Sends Penelope to sleep.

xx. 54. And Odūsseus; who had expostulated, but she assures him all is sure. She departs to Olümpos.

284. Still causes the Suitors to persevere in outrage, that Odusseus may be yet more sharply tried. 345. Bewilders their mind with portents.

xxii. 205. In the battle, appears as Mentor, VIII. (2.) 17. 224. Angered at the speech of Agelaos, stimulates Odüsseus to the fight.

239. Takes her place as a swallow on the beam, to watch the battle.

256, 273. Diverts the darts of the Suitors. 297. Displays from above her fatal Aigis (40ɩíμßρотov aiyíða), and a general panic follows.

xxiii. 156-163. Without using any symbol, restores the beauty of Odusseus.

242-246. Lengthens the night, and retards the morning. 348. Sends the morning up from Ocean.

xxiv. 367. Gives flesh and stature to Laertes.

472. Inquires of Zeus what is to be the upshot of the civil war in Ithaca ? 481-488. Receives his commission to compose it, with an amnesty (ěkdyσis).

502. Appears as Mentor to hearten Odūsseus: desires Laertes to pray to her and to Zeus (518 evέáμevos kóvpy γλαυκώπιδι καὶ Διὶ πατρὶ) before engaging: fills him with courage (520).

528. She stays Odūsseus and Telemachos from further slaughter. But he follows the panic-stricken foe. 539. The thunderbolt falls at (Mentor) Athene's feet. She interposes. and, as Mentor, concludes the peace.