civilization in all lands where his language is spoken; and they will take possession of you, students, if you really read them, and will, through you as citizens, continue to influence the world for good government and for human right and liberty.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

As one of the most important parts of a student's training is the development of the power to find books upon any subject which he may be studying, it has been considered best not to give extended bibliographies, but rather to give such directions as will enable a student to make out his own bibliographies, and thus to acquire independent power in this important particular.

How to find Books.-The following method is suggested to the student as a guide in his search for books:

Let it be supposed that the subject the student wishes to look up is The Causes of the Revolution. Let him take some shorter history of the United States, say McLaughlin's (D. Appleton and Company), and turn to the word "Revolution" in the index. Here, under this word, he will find "causes of, 169-188." Now let him turn to page 169 and read the chapter. At its close he will find references, with the chapter or pages given, to ten other books. He should now write down in his notebook these references exactly as they are given, and then read out such as are accessible to him. In these books he will find so many other references that he will not need any other bibliography than that which he can find for himself. This can be continued indefinitely.

Taking Notes. In taking notes of that part of the chapter which will be of use to him, the student should be careful to write after each note the title of the book where it can be found, giving chapter and page, in order

that he may be able to refer to it again or to cite his authority for his statement should he be called upon to do so.

Look first at Home for Books.-Oftentimes a student will carry home from the library books copies of which have long lain upon the shelves of the bookcase at home. Examine the books at home before going to the library.

Scarcity of Books in Smaller Cities and Towns.Schools in smaller cities and towns often complain of the want of books. It should be remembered that, al、 though in these places there may not be so wide a range of books, there are fewer students to use those that may be found. The greatest difficulty in securing books occurs in those cities with large libraries where there are a hundred or more students wanting the same book. Even a small town is certain to contain enough books in private libraries to admit of a fairly successful study of Burke's Speech on Conciliation; and boys and girls who will take good care of these books will be able to borrow them, for those who like to read books like to loan them to persons who will take good care of them. If there be among the students a spirit of helping each other, there will be little difficulty in securing books.

The Bibliography.-The following bibliographies consist of the best and most available books on the subject of Burke's Speech on Conciliation. The books named also contain extended bibliographies.

BIBLIOGRAPHIES

The Rise of the Spirit of Resistance

I. BRIEF HISTORIES

A. McLaughlin's History of the American Nation. D. Appleton and Company. $1.40.

B. McMaster's School History of the United States. American Book Company. $1.

C. Fiske's The American Revolution, 2 vols. Houghton, Mifflin

and Company. $4.

D. Lecky's The American Revolution. D. Appleton and Company.

$1.25.

E. G. W. Greene's Historical View of the American Revolution. Houghton, Mifflin and Company. $1.50.

F. Sloane's The French War and the Revolution. Scribners. $1.25. G. Fisher's The Colonial Era. Scribners. $1.25.

H. American Commonwealth Series, volumes concerning the Thirteen Original Colonies. Houghton, Mifflin and Company. $1.25 each.

I. American Statesmen Series, lives of statesmen concerned in the Revolution. Houghton, Mifflin and Company. $1.25 each.

II. EXTENDED HISTORIES

A. Bancroft's History of the United States, 6 vols. D. Appleton and Company. $15.

B. McMaster's History of the People of the United States, 6 vols. D. Appleton and Company. $15.

C. Hildreth's History of the United States, 6 vols. Harpers. $12. D. Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of America, 8 vols. Houghton, Mifflin and Company. $44.

E. Larned's History for Ready Reference and Topical Reading; article, United States; contains many original documents. The C. A. Nichols Company. $30.

F. Tyler's The Literary History of the American Revolution, 2 vols. Putnams. $3 each.

III. ORIGINAL SOURCES

A. Parliamentary History of England, volumes covering period of the American Revolution.

B. Dodsley's Annual Register, volumes covering period of the American Revolution.

IV. BOOKS CONTAINING BIBLIOGRAPHIES

A. Channing and Hart's Guide to the Study of American History. Ginn and Company. $2.

B. Winsor's Reader's Hand-Book of the American Revolution. Houghton, Mifflin and Company. $1.25.

V. BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE HOUSE OF COMMONS

A. McDonagh's The Book of Parliament. Isbister and Company, Limited, London. 6s. (Excellent.)

B. Skottowe's A Short History of Parliament. Harpers. $1.25. C. An Anecdotal History of the British Parliament, Jennings, compiler. D. Appleton and Company. $2.50.

D. Munsey's Magazine for November, 1897, contains a good article on The Parliaments of the World, by Thomas B. Reed.

VI. BIOGRAPHY OF EDMUND BURKE

A. Morley's Life of Edmund Burke, English Men of Letters Series. Harpers. $1.25. (Best short life.)

B. Encyclopædia Britannica, article, Burke, Edmund, by John Morley; should be read by every student of the Speech on Conciliation.

VII. BURKE AS A LITERARY MAN

A. Clark's A Study of English Prose Writers. Scribners. (Excellent.) Contains good bibliography. $2.

B. Minto's A Manual of English Prose Writers. Ginn and Company; contains excellent discussion of Burke's style. $1.50.

VIII. THE STUDY OF ARGUMENTATION

A. Baker's Principles of Argumentation. Ginn and Company; the standard work. $1.12.

B. Brookings and Ringwalt's Briefs for Debate. Longmans, Green and Company. $1.25.

IX. WHAT EVERY STUDENT OF BURKE'S SPEECH ON CONCILIATION

SHOULD READ

A. Samuel Johnson's Taxation no Tyranny, Johnson's works. This pamphlet states the English side of the case.

B. Burke's Speech on American Taxation and Burke's Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol, Burke's works. The Speech on Amerrican Taxation states the American side of the case.

C. Beer's The Commercial Policy of England toward the American Colonies. The Macmillan Company. $1.

INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE BRIEF

The Thing of the Greatest Importance in the Comprehending of Burke's Argument.-Burke's Speech on Conciliation is an answer to Lord North's "project" (paragraph 10), entitled Propositions for Conciliating the Differences with America, the text of which is given in. the note on paragraph 10, page 140. Burke's argument can not be comprehended without a thorough knowledge of this "project." The student should master its. meaning. The following diagram gives the simple plan of Burke's Speech:

The First Reading of the Speech.-It is well-nigh impossible for a student to succeed in making a correct brief of Burke's Speech on Conciliation without having first familiarized himself with the Speech by giving it several careful readings. The student is advised to give the Speech at least one very careful reading, examining the notes upon each paragraph as he reads it, in order to understand such expressions as "the grand penal bill," "the object," "the statute of Henry the Eighth,"

etc.

The Making of the Brief.-The skeleton brief here given is so arranged as to induct the student gradually into the making of the complete brief. The brief of the Introduction to the Speech is given in full as a