Defining Personhood: Toward the Ethics of Quality in Clinical Care

Front Cover
Rodopi, 1998 - Business & Economics - 222 pages
Many debates in biomedical ethics today involve inconsistencies in defining the key term, person. Both sides of the abortion debate, for instance, beg the question about what constitutes personhood. This book explores the arguments concerning definitions of personhood in the history of modern philosophy, and then constructs a superior model, defined in terms of distinctive features (a theoretical concept borrowed from linguistics). This model is shown to have distinct advantages over the necessary and sufficient condition models of personhood launched by essentialists. Philosophers historically have been correct about what some of the pivotal distinctive features of personhood are, e.q., rationality, communications and self-consciousness, but they have been wrong about the methods of recognizing and asserting personhood, and about the relative importance of feelings. In clinical care, complaints often surface that care is not personal. This book aims to improve care through providing a method of attending to patients as people. Charts in the Appendices show that where physicians attended to personal features important to their patients, sometimes the patients rated the care even higher than the physician did. The book will be useful to health-care providers whose goals include improving quality of care, listening to patients, and preventing malpractice.
 

Contents

Problems Puzzles and Pitfalls in Uses of Person
5
Distinctive Features of Person and Quality of Clinical Care
67
Subject Response
73
Significance
79
The Features
97
Features Not Included
106
A Theoretical Framework for Interpreting the Data
113
FOUR Implications for Clinical Practice and Public Policy
143
Notes
173
Bibliography
183
Interview Scripts and Questionnaires
191
Quality Assessment Charts
203
About the Author
213
79
220
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Page 14 - Though the earth and all inferior creatures be common to all men, yet every man has a property in his own person; this nobody has any right to but himself.
Page 13 - This personality extends itself beyond present existence to what is past, only by consciousness, whereby it becomes concerned and accountable, owns and imputes to itself past actions, just upon the same ground, and for the same reason, that it does the present.
Page 14 - To conclude, the power that every individual gave the society when he entered into it can never revert to the individuals again as long as the society lasts, but will always remain in the community, because without this there can be no community, no commonwealth, which is contrary to the original agreement...
Page 12 - In this personal identity is founded all the right and justice of reward and punishment; happiness and misery being that for which every one is concerned for himself, not mattering what becomes of any substance not joined to or affected with that consciousness.
Page 13 - Person, as I take it, is the name for this self Wherever a man finds, what he calls himself, there I think another may say is the same person. It is a forensic term appropriating actions and their merit; and so belongs only to intelligent agents capable of a law, and happiness and misery.

About the author (1998)

Sarah Bishop Merrill has served as Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, and as Associate Professor of Philosophy at Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, Indiana. She has also taught in the Graduate and Continuing Studies Division of Union College, Schenectady, New York; at Russell Sage College, Troy, New York; and at Mount Saint Mary College, Newburgh, New York. In 1986, she was selected as a Fellow of the Center for Women in Government, and served as the first Agency Fellow in the New York State Department of Social Services, Commissioner's Office, assisting the Legislative Liaison in the Office of Intergovernmental Relations. Her first book, Abeunt Studia in Mores: A Festschrift for Helga Doblin, considered central philosophical issues in teaching and learning. Her current work concerns moral psychology and applied ethics, especially environmental ethics and issues related to the profession of "constructor" in the built environment. Her next book, Muddy Boots, will consider ethical challenges in construction contracting and engineering. She received her M.S. in Linguistics from Georgetown University, and her Ph.D. in Philosophy from the State University of New York at Albany, with additional graduate work in Health Systems Management at Union University's Institute of Administration and Management. She is the mother of two grown sons.

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