Having passed his under-graduateship with | catechetical lectures. It is said, “ that he distinction, and obtained against Dove, after was scarce reputed a pretender to learning wards bishop of Peterborough, his competi and piety in Cambridge (during Andrewes' tor, a fellowship at Pembroke, he was chosen residence there) who made not himself a disby Hugh Price, founder of Jesus College, ciple of Bishop Andrewes by diligent resortOxford,' to a similar honour in that founda- lling to his lectures ; nor he a pretender to the tion. While at the University, he was, as study of divinity who did not transcribe his before he had been at school, remarkable for notes, which ever after passed from hand to intense application to his studies. He con- || hand in many hundred copies.” And hence sidered all that time lost which he spent not || it has, with great probability, been conjecin them. With him term-time and vaca- tured, that his sermons on the temptation tions were equally seasons of industry; and of Christ in the wilderness, and the Lord's he seems not to have visited his parents till || prayer, originally published in the years after he had taken his degree. Then he was 1592 and 1611, were published from the accustomed to visit them for a month an- | notes taken on these occasions. He is also nually in London, going there a fortnight known to have delivered a course of admirbefore Easter ; but even during this season | able lectures on the ten commandments, of recreation he had tutors in his father's | which-a pretty clear proof of the general house ready to receive him, in order that he estimation in which they were held—were

ght, during his stay, commence some new, | published in the year 1642, by Michael orpursue some old, language or science. With | Sparke, the puritan publisher, under the folsuch indomitable industry and perseverance, || lowing title : « The Moral Law expounded we are scarcely surprised to find it recorded | -1. largely ; 2. learnedly; 3. orthodoxly: that he was critically acquainted with no fewer that is, the long-expected and much-desired than fifteen languages. It is also worthy of |work of Bp. Andrewes on the commandremark, that until he took his degree, he went || ments; being his lectures many years since on foot on his annual parental visit. Indeed, || in Pembroke Hall chapel, which have ever walking either alone by himself or with some || since passed from hand to hand in manuother selected companion, with whom he || scripts, and been accounted one of the greatmight confer and argue, and recount their est treasures in private libraries, but never studies, was his ordinary exercise and recrea- | before this published in print.” To this edi. tion. And so great was his natural piety, that tion the nineteen sermons on the Lord's he “would often profess, that to observe the || prayer, and the seven sermons on the grass, herbs, corn, trees, cattle, earth, waters, || temptation of Christ, were added. This heavens, any of the creatures, and to con- || impression, however, was very imperfectly template their natures, orders, qualities, vir executed ; and in the year 1650 a new edi. tues, uses, &c., was ever to him the greatest tion of the lectures on the commandments mirth and recreation that could be: and this only appeared, the sermons not being al. hé held to his dying day.”?

| luded to. In the excellent preface prefixed After taking his master's degree, he || by the editor, who is unfortunately unknown, brought the ample stores of his powerful it is truly said, “ He that shall read and intellect to bear upon the study of theology, | peruse these labours of the reverend author in which he soon became so distinguished | will find them to be as useful and profitable that he was chosen catechist of his college. I as any hitherto extant in this kind, and that Attracted by his high character for learning | they contain the most complete, full, learned, and piety, the most eminent members in the land elaborate body of practical divinity that University, besides others from the country, || hath been hitherto published.” The now attended the chapel of Pembroke on the af. neglected science of casuistry also engaged ternoons of Saturday and Sunday, for the much of his attention, and he was frequently purpose of hearing and taking notes of his consulted on many delicate points of con

He was incorporated M.A. at Oxford, July 11, 1581. science. Wood, F. 0. i. 219.

But his reputation extended beyond the 2 See “ An exact Narration of the Life and Death of the late reverend and learned Prelate, and painfull Divine, theological and scholastic world. In the Lancelot Andrewes, late bishop of Winchester. Which

year 1574 he was chosen by the Earl of Hun. may serve as a pattern of piety and charity to all godly disposed Christians. Faithfully collected by Henry Isaac tingdon, one of the most distinguished of son. London, printed for John Stafford, neer St. Brides Church, 1650." This narration comprises twenty small

1 See editor's preface to the fifth volume of Andrewes' quarto pages.

Il sermons, published in the Anglo-Catholic Library..

the Elizabethan worthies, president of the foundations and building of Christianity; in North, to accompany him thither as chap- || fine, he exposes the errors of the time respect. lain; in which capacity he was successful in || ing the apostles' doctrine, government, the bringing over many recusants, not a few of || holy eucharist,' and public prayer. No more whom were priests, to the English Church. succinct and irrefragable argument against The celebrated Earl of Walsingham, principal || the objections of the puritans to the doctrine secretary of Queen Elizabeth, and father-in and ceremonies of the English Church is to law of Sir Philip Sidney, also became his be found. The other sermon is levelled at patron ; and it is observable, that from the the absurd notions of the Anabaptists, and time of his acquaintance with Andrewes, || treats of the lawfulness and form of swearthat statesman became much less favourable ||ing, from Jeremiah iv. 2. than he had previously been to the noncon Besides these two discourses, a work apformists.' So highly did he estimate the || peared in the year 1657, under the title of character of this divine, that he would not “ Amoonaguara Sacra (Sacred Fragments] ; allow him to accept a country benefice, in or, a collection of posthumous and orphan the hope that he might be able to appoint him lectures, delivered at St. Paul and St. Giles to fill a new lectureship of controversial divi- l churches, &c.;" but as these lectures are nity, recently founded by the earl at Cam acknowledged to have been taken from the bridge, for the purpose, according to Heylyn, || lips of the preacher, during the delivery of of making the Church of Rome more odious.? them, they abound in the imperfections inMeanwhile he made over for his present sup- || evitable to such a source, and sadly lack port the lease of a parsonage in Hampshire ; || their original perfection. and afterwards obtained for him the vicarage While vicar of St. Giles', his liberality to of St. Giles Cripplegate, London. It should the poor was very considerable ; for, besides not be forgotten, that at Walsingham's death, I giving ten pounds annually, which was paid shortly afterwards (1590), who died so poor, in quarterly portions, he gave twelve pence that his friends were obliged to bury him every Sunday he came to church, and five privately in the night for fear his body should shillings at the offertory, which he consibe arrested for debt,? Andrewes returned dered to have succeeded the agapa of the the lease of the parsonage to his wife. He early Church, and to be a necessary compreached the earl's funeral sermon.

pletion of the Church's sacrifice of prayer Of his labours as a parish priest few me. ll and alms. He was likewise in the habit of morials remain, though it is known that his dispensing private alms through his serexertions induced an illness, from which it| vants, upon whom he imposed strict silence was not expected he would recover. That || as to the source whence they proceeded. he was a frequent preacher, may be inferred The endowment of St. Giles' being inconfrom his saying, in reference to this period siderable, he was the means of its being inof his life, that when he preached twice he creased, and he repaired the vicarage house. prated once. Of his parochial sermons two re- || Good husbandry, he was often heard to say, main which are known to be authentic, both || is good divinity. It was also through Walpreached in the year 1592. That on the singham's influence that he was made preworshipping of imaginations, preached from bendary of St. Pancras, and residentiary of the words, “ And they continued in the St. Paul's (29th May, 1589), and prebend. apostles' doctrine and fellowship, and break- || ary of Southwell minster; as the following ing of bread, and prayers,” which was the letter shews, which appears to have been third on the same subject, “is intended to written in acknowledgment of these fa. acquaint the auditory with sundry imagina- | vours. tions by divers erected, which many unstable On the 24th May, 1589, he thus writes persons do run after and worship instead of

to the right honourable Sir Francis Wal- || the same office which, forty years before, singham, knight, principal secretary to the | had been filled by the illustrious martyr queen's highness, and one of her majesty's Ridley. most honourable privy council, at Barne | A more recent predecessor in that office, Elmes :

John Whitgift,-a man, according to Camon I do in humble manner crave pardon of ll den, who devoutly consecrated his whole your honour, in that I have not myself

| life to God, and his painful labours to the attended in the redelivery of the inclosed, to good of his Church, -was now Archbishop of render to your honour my bounden duty of

Canterbury; and perhaps no primate ever thanks for the contents thereof. Being, be

held that most responsible function at a pe. sides mine exercise to-morrow, on Monday

riod of greater delicacy and danger. The morning, at the feast of my father's com

flames of puritanism brought from Geneva pany, to preach at Deptford, I promised my.

| by the religious exiles who returned to Engself from your honour a favourable dispen

land at the beginning of Elizabeth's reign, sation for the forbearing of my presence till

had been too strong for Whitgift's imme. then, what time I shall wait on your honour,

diate predecessors, Parker and Grindal, to to present unto the same my unfeigned

quench, even if they had not at times inhumble thanks, and not my thanks only,

creased them by their too often injudicious but my service and myself too, to be ordered

and vacillating conduct. Hence, as Strype and employed by your honour every way.

truly observes, “the Church was now but The same of my right and duty belonging

in a tottering condition, both from the pato your honour, as well in regard of your

pists on the one hand and the disaffected honour's great bounty to me these years

protestants on the other."? The English papast, which while I live I am bound to ac

| pists, no longer quiescent under the reforma. knowledge, as now for the instant procure- ||

tion, were actively carrying on their subtle ment of these two prebends, the one of them / schemes to undermine it, and hundreds of no sooner ended than the other of them

Jesuits were sent into England for that pur. straight begun. They are to me both suffi

pose. On the other hand, protestant noncient witnesses of your honour's care for my

conformity was rapidly gaining ground, its well-doing, and mindfulness of me upon any

progress being much accelerated by the exoccasion. My prayer to God is, that I may

ample of Knox and other rebel fanatics in not live unworthy of these so honourable

Scotland. Add to this, that the parochial dealings, but that in some sort, as his holy

clergy themselves were generally poor and wisdom shall appoint, I may prove service

ignorant to a degree to us scarcely conceivable to your honour, and to your honour's

able. They were also as unorthodox as they chief care, this Church of ours. What your

were unlearned, and many practices prehonour hath and further shall vouchsafe to

vailed among them altogether subversive of promise in my name, in this or aught else,

unity and sound doctrine. Not a few enshall be, I trust, so satisfied as shall stand

deavoured to set the people against the Book with your honour's liking every way. So, ||

of Common Prayer, by excepting against recommending to your honour the perfect

some of its doctrines and many of its rites ing of your honour's own benefit, with my

and ceremonies. A great number of the very humble duty, I end.

clergy refused even to use the Prayer-book “ The Lord Jesus, of his great goodness,

at all, and would only preach to the people ; grant unto this realm long to enjoy your

and many ministered in holy things who honour. Amen. May 24.

either had never been ordained or were or“ Your honour's in all humble duty and

dained differently from the English ordinal. service, so most bound,

The universities, moreover, which ought to “L. ANDREWES." I have been examples of orthodoxy and uni

formity, were remarkable only for the opIn the same year (1589) he was appointed to the headship of that hall' of which he his patrons were notorious for their violation of it; and had long been a distinguished member - him his grace of doctor of divinity. Strype's Life of

posites, and were torn by dissensions about || a good way thitherward [Babylon, in alluthe five points of Calvinism. The press sion to Amos v. 25), for of Babel, St. Auwas daily pouring forth the most pestilen Il gustine saith, 'In God's city it never was tial productions, which threw contempt on so, that there was never any correction for all that was sound and sacred in Church crimes ; but in Babel, the city of confusion, and State. The queen's chief ministers, every philosopher might set up, as now every with the exception of Sir Christopher Hat- || sect-monger may broach, any imagination ton, vice-chamberlain, who till his death that taketh him in the head, without punish(1591) was Whitgift's “ fast and entire || ment.'" friend and confidant,"2 were, to say the least, While such was the general condition of lukewarm towards the interests of the Church; | the English Church when Whitgift succeeded while the queen herself is well known to Grindal in the primacy, the state of his own have been more careful to enrich herself than || province was even worse than that of other the Church, many of whose largest revenues dioceses ; the blindness and indisposition of she sacrilegiously appropriated to her own his predecessor having, for some time before use, which was the chief cause of the gene- || his death, prevented his taking an active ral inefficiency of the clergy; parents being part in the discharge of his episcopal duties. unwilling to bring up their children to a || As a natural consequence, many irregularities calling unable to afford them a decent main- || had arisen ; and in no part of England were tenance.

the Romanists and Puritans more bitter, or It need not be added, that this was a state | the clergy more ignorant and disaffected, of things which induced much of restless than in the province of Canterbury. No controversy, and a very irreverent handling of wonder, therefore, that Whitgift should have sacred subjects. An Italian then in England, been unwilling to accept the primacy at such writing to a friend at home, observes, with a crisis, or that, having accepted it, he should no little astonishment, “ that the common | seek the assistance of pious and learned di. people of England were wiser than the wisest || vines, in the discharge of its most responsible of his nation ; for here the very women and functions. With this view doubtless it was, shopkeepers were able to judge of predes. || that he selected some of the most eminent tination, and determine what laws were fit men that the age afforded for his chaplains to be made concerning Church-government; |--Bancroft, Barlow, Overal, Buckeridge, then what were fit to be obeyed and abo- and Andrewes. lished. ... That men of the slightest | | Henceforth we find Andrewes taking a learning, and the most ignorant of the com prominent part in ecclesiastical politics. He mon people, were mad for a new, or super, Il preached the Latin sermon at the opening or re-reformation of religion; and that in of the convocation in the year 1592. A this they appeared like the man who would great outcry having been made by the purinever cease to whet and whet his knife till tans against the supposed abuses of the there was no steel left to make it useful.”3 || bishops' courts, with the view of rendering Well might Andrewes, in his sermon of the episcopacy the more odious, the queen issued worshipping of imaginations, declare, in al- || a commission to the Archbishop of Canterlusion to the licentiousness of private judg. || bury (1594), requiring and authorising him, ment, “ This is the disease of our age. Not || and such as he should call to his assistance, the Pharisees' addition, which is well left| to institute a particular inquiry into the [the errors of Romanism], but, as bad as it, || state of the courts in the province of Canthe philosopher's gloss, which too much terbury. Among those selected by the priaboundeth.” And again, “Sure we are in

mate, Andrewes was one who instituted the friends of maturer years; and of these the inquiry..

ever-memorable Richard Hooker was not As was to be expected, Whitgift was op the least distinguished. After the death of posed to the Genevan dogmas, which pro- this illustrious man, great anxiety prevailed voked so much controversy at Cambridge ; among the learned as to the safety of the and Andrewes was frequently solicited to manuscripts of the three last books of his use his known influence with the archbishop immortal work, in preparing which he was in behalf of the less popular controversialists known to have been for some time engaged; on the orthodox side. Thus Dr. Baro, Mar for, as Hooker's friend, Dr. Spencer, observes, garet professor of divinity, who had been || in his preface to the subsequent publication accused of reviving the controversy, wrote of them, “like Rachel, he died as it were in to Andrewes, between whom and himself the travail of them, and hastened death upon there was a good correspondence, telling himself by hastening to give them life.” him that if he would certify Whitgift of the The notorious puritanism of his extraordi. whole matter, it would turn to his friend's nary wife, whom he had left his sole exeadvantage, his fellow-chaplain Overal having cutrix, and of her connexions, excited no also fallen into disgrace, for preaching that unreasonable fears as to the safety of these Christ died for all.

invaluable treasures of Catholic truth. In But Andrewes was not less a favourite these fears Andrewes warmly participated, with Elizabeth, than with “her little black as a letter written five days after Hooker's husband,” as the queen pleasantly called the death to Dr. Parry, one of the queen's chaparchbishop. She made him one of her chap- || lains, and afterwards bishop of Worcester, lains, and took great delight in his sermons, on the subject shews; in which, so highly his delivery of them being the most winning did he reverence Hooker, and estimate his and inimitable of any preacher of his day. | labours, he expresses his willingness to have He was also appointed by her majesty to a || died in his stead. . prebend of the eleventh stall, and afterwards to the deanery, of Westminster (1601), on

“ Salutem in Christo. the death of Dr. Goodman. During the

“I cannot choose but write, though you do four years that he held this office, he took

not. I never failed since I last saw you, but great interest in the school connected with 1) dayly prayed for him till the very instant the collegiate church. Knowing the import

you sent this heavie news. I have hitherto ance of forming the taste and style upon the

prayed, serva nobis hunc; now must I, da best models, he gave strict orders to the

nobis alium. Alas for our greate loss! and master, Mr. Richard Ireland, that none but

when I say ours, though I mean yours and the most classical authors should be read;

myne, yet much more the common : with and, in the absence of the master, the dean

[which ?? the less sense they have of so would frequently, for a week together, sup

greate a damage, the more sad wee neede ply his place, and superintend the boys'

1 to bewayle them ourselves, who knowe his studies himself. The celebrated Bishop

workes and his worth to be such as behind Hackett, then between the age of nine and

him he hath not (that I knowe) left aine thirteen, one of the students of that time,

neere him. And whether I shall live to tells us that, for the sake of encouraging the

knowe aine neere him, I am in greate doubt, lads, he would often examine and correct

that I care not how manie and myself had their exercises, and send for them to his re

redeemed his longer life, to have done good sidence to instruct them in Greek and He

in a better subject than he had in hand, brew. In his walks, also, he chose the more

though that were very good. Good brother, promising of the students for his companions;

have a care to deal with his executrix or and precious, as will be seen hereafter, was

executor, or (him that is like to have a the recollection of the hours thus spent with

greate stake in it) his father-in-lawe, that the dean, by those who were fortunate enough

there be special care and regard for preto share them. Brian Duppa, then a king's

serving such papers as he left, besides the scholar, and afterwards bishop of Chichester,

three last books excepted. By preserving, I was one of these favoured youths.

meane, that not only they be not embezzled, He was not, however, without many

and come to nothing, but that they come

not into greate hands, who will only have 1 Life of Whitgift, ii, 193-195.

I use of them quatenus et quousque, and sup