Hawkes.- -"Where prove you that?" Bonner." In the book of Kings, where Elisha threw salt into the water."

Hawkes." Ye say truth; the children of the prophets came to Elisha, saying, "The dwelling of the city is pleasant, but the waters be corrupted.' This was the cause that Elisha threw salt into the water, and it became sweet and good; and so when our waters be corrupted, if you can, by putting in of salt, make them sweet, clear, and wholesome, we will the better believe your ceremonies.”

Bonner." We believe no doctrine but that which is wrought by miracles."

Hawkes." No, forsooth, for Christ saith, And these signs shall follow them that believe; in my name shall they cast out devils; they shall speak with new tongues; they shall take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing, it shall not hurt them.'"

Bonner." With what new tongues do you speak?" Hawkes.- -"Forsooth, whereas before I came to the knowledge of God's word I was a foul blasphemer and filthy talker, since I came to the knowledge thereof, I have lauded God, praised God, and given thanks unto God, even with the same tongue: and is not this a new tongue ?"

Bonner." How do you cast out devils?"

Hawkes." Christ did cast them out by his word, and he hath left the same word, that whosoever doth credit and believe it, shall cast out devils."

Bonner." Did you ever drink any deadly poison?" Hawkes.-"Yea, forsooth, that I have; for I have drunken of the pestilent traditions and ceremonies of the Bishop of Rome.'

Bonner." Now you shew yourself to be a right heretic."

Hawkes.-"I pray you, what is heretic?"

Bonner.- -"All things that are contrary to God's word."

Hawkes." If I stand in any thing contrary to that word, then I am worthy to be so called."

Bonner." Thou art one, and thou shalt be burned if thou stand and continue in this opinion. Yes, yes, there is a brotherhood of you, but I will break it, I warrant you." Hawkes.-"Where prove you that Christ or his apostles did kill any man for his faith?"

Bonner." Did not St. Paul excommunicate?" Hawkes.-"Yes, my lord; but there is a great difference between excommunicating and burning?"

Bonner." Have you not read of the man and the woman in the Acts of the Apostles, whom Peter destroyed?"

Hawkes." Yes, forsooth, I have read of one Ananias, and Sapphira his wife, who were destroyed for lying against the Holy Ghost."

Hawkes.-"Which are those?"

Fecknam." How say you by St. Paul's breeches ?" Hawkes." I have read no such thing." Fecknam." Have ye not read in the Acts of the Apostles, how things went from St. Paul's body, and they received health thereby?"

Hawkes." I have read in the nineteenth of the Acts, how there went handkerchiefs or aprons from St. Paul's body, is it that you mean?''

Fecknam." Yea, the same is it: what say you to those ceremonies ?"

Hawkes." I say nothing to the ceremonies. For the text saith, that God did so work by the hands of St. Paul, that there went handkerchiefs or aprons from him, &c. So that it seems by the text, that it was God that wrought, and not the ceremonies."

Fecknam." How say ye to the woman that came behind Christ, and touched the hem of his vesture? did not her disease depart from her by that ceremony?"

Hawkes." No, forsooth: for Christ turned back, and said to St. Peter, 'Who touched me?' And St. Peter said, 'Master, the multitude throng thee, and press thee, and sayest thou, Who touched me? And Jesus said, Somebody hath touched me: for I perceive that virtue hath gone out of me.' I pray you, whether was it the virtue that healed this woman, or his vesture?" Fecknam.-" Both."

Hawkes." Then is not Christ true? for he said, 'Go thy way, thy faith hath made thee whole.'"'

Bonner." Away, away to the sacrament, for these are but mere trifles to that."

Fecknam." How say ye, sirrah? Christ took bread and brake it, and said, Take, eat, this is my body."" Hawkes." I grant Christ said so."

Fecknam.-
-"And is it not so?"

Hawkes." No, forsooth, I do not understand it so."
Fecknam." Why, then is Christ a liar?"
Hawkes." I think ye will so prove him."
Fecknam." Will I? Why I have spoken the words
that Christ spake."

Hawkes." Is every word to be understood as Christ spake it? Christ said, I am a door, a vine, I am a king, a way, &c."

Fecknam." Christ spake these words in parables." Hawkes." And why speaketh he this in parables when he said, I am a door, a vine, a king, a way, &c. more than this when he said, 'This is my body?" For after the same phrase of speech, as he saith, This is my body,' so saith he, I am a door, a vine, a king, a way; he saith not, I am like a door, like a vine, &c."

The next day came Doctor Chedsey to him, and he, as well as Bonner, entered into the following argument with him.

Bonner." He thinketh that there is no church but in England and in Germany."

Hawkes." And ye think that there is no church, but the church of Rome."

Chedsey." What say ye to the church of Rome?" Hawkes." I say it is a church of vicious cardinals, priests, monks, and friars, which I will never credit nor believe."

Chedsey." What say ye to the bishop of Rome?"" Hawkes." From him and all his detestable enormities, good Lord deliver us."

Chedsey." Marry, so may we say, from King Henry VIII. and all his detestable enormities, good Lord deliver us."

Hawkes." Where were ye, while he lived, that ye would not say so?"

Chedsey." I was not far."

Hawkes." Where were ye in his son's days?"
Chedsey." In prison."

Bonner." He will by no means come within my chapel, nor hear mass for neither the mass, nor the sacrament of the altar can he abide, neither will he have any service but in English."

Chedsey." Christ never spake in English." Hawkes." Neither spake he ever any Latin, but always in such a tongue as the people might be edified thereby. And St. Paul says, that tongues profit us nothing.' He makes a similitude between the pipe and the harp, and except it be understood what the trumpet means, who can prepare himself to the battle. So if I hear the tongue which I do not understand, what profit have I by it? No more than he has by the trumpet, that knows not what it means."

Bonner." The order was taken in the catholic church that the Latin tongue should serve through the whole world; that they should pray all generally together in one tongue, and that to avoid all contention and strife, and to have one universal order through the whole world."'

Hawkes." This your councils of Rome settled." Bonner." Understand you what the general councils of Rome meant?"

Hawkes." Indeed all your general councils of Rome

sinful seed, to be devoured, tempted, and tormented, who ceaseth not behind every bush to lay a bait, when we walk awry, to have his pleasure upon us,-casting abroad his apples in all places, times, and seasons, to see if Adam will be allured and enticed to leave the living God and his most holy commandments, whereby he is assured of everlasting life,-promising the world at will, to all that will fall down in all ages, and for a mess of pottage sell and set at naught the everlasting kingdom of heaven. So frail is flesh and blood: 'And especially Israel is most ready to walk awry, when he is filled with all manner of riches,' as saith the prophet. "Therefore I am bold in bonds, as entirely desiring your everlasting health and felicity, to warn you, and most heartily desire you to watch and pray: For our state is dangerous, and requireth continual prayer. For on the high mountains, doth not grow most plenty of grass, neither are the highest trees farthest from danger, but seldom sure, and always shaken of every wind that bloweth. Such a deceitful thing, saith our Saviour, is honour and riches, that without grace it choaketh up the good seed sown in his creatures, and so blindeth their seeing, that they go groping at noon-day in darkness: it maketh a man think himself something, that is nothing at all. For though for our honour we esteem ourselves and stand in our own light, yet when we shall stand before the living God, there shall be no respect of persons. For riches help not in the day of vengeance: neither can we make the Lord partial for money. But as we have ministered unto the saints, so shall we receive the reward, which I am fully persuaded and assured shall be plenteously poured upon all, for the great goodness shewed unto the servants of the living God. And I most heartily beseech Almighty God to pour forth a plenteous reward upon you for the same, and that he will assist you with his Holy Spirit in all your doings, that ye may grow, as ye have begun, unto such a perfection as may be to God's honour, your own salvation, and the strength ening of the weak members of Christ. For though the world rage, and blaspheme the elect of God, ye know that it did so unto Christ, his apostles, and to all that were in the primitive church, and so will do unto the world's end.

"Therefore believe in the light while ye have it, lest it be taken away from you; if you shall neglect the great mercy of God that hath been opened unto you, and your hearts consented unto it, that it is the very and only truth pronounced by God's only Son Jesus Christ, by the good will of our heavenly Father. Therefore I say in the bowels of my Lord Jesus Christ, stick fast unto it; let it never depart out of your hearts and conversation, that you with us and we with you at the great day, being one flock, as we have one Shepherd, may rise to life immortal, through Jesus Christ our only Saviour. Amen.

"Yours, in him that liveth for ever,
"THOMAS HAWKES."

The History of Thomas Watts.

Thomas Watts, of Billericay, in Essex, was a linen draper. Being in continual fear of seizure, he had sold his cloth in his shop, and disposed his things to his wife and children, and gave away much to the poor.

On the 26th day of April, he was apprehended and brought before the lord Rich, and other commissioners, and there being accused for not coming to church, was examined before the lord Rich, and others.

At the sessions at Chelmsford, the lord Rich said to him, "You are brought hither, because of disobedience to the laws of the queen. You will not come to the church, you will not hear mass, &c. contrary to the king's and queen's proceedings."

Watts answered, "My lord, if I have offended a law, I am subject here to the law." Then Anthony Brown, justice, said to him, "I pray thee tell me who has been thy schoolmaster, to teach thee thus; or where didst thou first learn this religion?" Watts answered, "Even of you, sir: you taught it me, and none more than you. For in King Edward's days, in open session, you spake

against this religion now in fashion, no preacher could say more. You then said the mass was abominable, and all their trumpery besides, earnestly exhorting that none should believe in them, and that our belief should be only in Christ: and you said then that whoever should bring in any foreign power to rule here, it were treason, and not to be suffered." Then said Brown to my lord Rich, "He belies me, my lord. What a knave is this? he will soon belie me behind my back, when he does it before my face," and my lord Rich said, "I dare say he does."

In conclusion, the commissioners being weary of him, sent him to the bishop of London.

Articles objected against Thomas Watts, of Billericay, in the county of Essex, by Bishop Bonner. "1. That the said Thomas Watts was of Billericay, and so of the jurisdiction of the bishop of London.

"2. Also, that he believed not in the sacraments of the holy and catholic church, as the catholic church of Rome and all other churches members of the same, ever hitherto have believed, and is taught of all good and faithful people, nor has allowed the sacraments, rites, usages, or ceremonies of the said church, but has despised the same.

"3. Also, that he believeth, and also taught others, that the substance of material bread and wine remain in the sacrament of the altar after the consecration, and that the said material bread and wine are the signs and tokens of Christ's body hanged upon the cross, and of his blood there shed, and that in the said sacrament there is only a memory or remembrance of Christ's body and blood, and nothing else.

"4. Also, that he believeth and doth precisely affirm, that the very true presence of Christ's body and blood in substance, is not in the sacrament of the altar, but only in heaven, and no where else.

"5. Also, that he believeth, affirmeth, and saith, that the mass now used in the church of Rome, here in England, and other places, is full of idolatry, abomination, and wickedness, and that Christ did never institute it, nor ordain it, nor yet allow that it is a good and laudable thing to be used in his church.

"6. Also, that he believeth and affirmeth, that auricular confession unto the priest is not necessary, but superfluous: and that it is enough for a man to believe only, and to confess himself unto God, without any priest or minister at any time, though he may have the priest to confess him unto.

"7. Also, that he believeth that Luther, Wickliffe, Barnes, and all others that have holden against the sacra ment of the altar, and suffered death by fire or otherwise for the maintenance of the said opinion, were good men and faithful servants and martyrs of Christ in so believing and dying.

"8. Also, that he hath and doth believe, that to fast, pray, or to do alms-deeds, is a thing utterly unprofitable; for if a man shall be saved, he shall be saved without doing of them; and if he shall be damned, they shall not help him, or do him any good at all.

9. Also, that the said Watts of late coming into open court at the sessions before the lord Rich, Sir Henry Tyrel, knight, Anthony Brown, Esquire, and others, and being then and there examined, did openly confess, that he had refused to come to the church, and to hear there the divine service, and to receive the sacra ment of the altar, according to the order of the church: because that, like as the service of the church set out in the days of the late King Edward the Sixth, was said and alleged to be abominable, heretical, schismatical, and all naughty; so he the said Thomas Watts then and there said openly before the said commissioners, that all that is now used and done in the church, is abominable, heretical, schismatical, and altogether naughty: And that he did also then utter before the said commissioners other erroneous and arrogant words, to the hurt of his soul, and to the evil example of the people there present,

10. Also, that he the said Thomas, by reason of the

premises, was and is to be taken, had, reputed, and judged as a manifest and open heretic, and for the same, by the order of ecclesiastical laws, is to be declared accursed; and being obstinate and incorrigible, is to be delivered to the secular power, there to be punished as an heretic.

"11. Also, that he, over and besides all these offences and trespasses aforesaid, had also added this trespass; that is, that he had believed and deliberately spoken that the church of Rome in her rites, ceremonies, sacraments constitutions, and traditions, is the synagogue of Satan; and therefore that he had consented and agreed in opinion and belief with one John Tooly, of late hanged at Charing Cross, who, at the time of his execution, desired the people to pray to be delivered from the tyranny of the bishop of Rome, with all his enormities; as who should say, that his authority and doings were tyranny, and had all enormities and iniquities in them.

"12. Also, that the premises and every part thereof are true, notoriously, manifestly, and openly spoken and talked of amongst the honest and credible persons in great multitude; and that within Billericay aforesaid, and other places thereabout, being of the diocese of London, there is a common voice and fame thereof."

The answer of Thomas Watts to the aforesaid Articles.

To the first, he confessed the same to be true in every part thereof.

To the second article he answered, that he believeth in all the sacraments according to Christ's institution, and the catholic church; but not according to the bishop of Rome's church and further said, that he does not believe now as he had done in time past; for in time past he believed as the church then believed, but now he does not so believe; for the church of Rome had deceived us, and therefore he said he did not believe as the church of Rome believeth, but as Christ hath taught him, and further said that he was so taught to believe by the preaching of one Master Alvey, and others, whose he remembered not; which Alvey, he said, did preach the word of God truly and sincerely.

To the third he answered, that he hath and doth believe, that Christ's body is in heaven, and no where else: and further, that he will never believe that Christ's body is in the sacrament.

To the fourth he answered, confessing and firmly believing the same to be true.

To the fifth, that he believed, that the mass is abominable, and that he will not go one jot from that his belief.

To the sixth, that he neither did, nor yet doth believe, that the priest can absolve him of his sins: howbeit, he denieth not it is good to ask counsel at the priest's mouth.

To the seventh he said, that he knew not what the opinions of the said persons named in the said article were; and in case the said persons did believe that the body and blood of Christ were really and in very deed in the sacrament of the altar, then that they were not good men. But in case they did believe that the body and blood of Christ was not in the sacrament of the altar really and truly, then he believed that they were good christian men.

To the eighth, that he had not spoken as is contained in this article, but said, that he hath and doth believe, that fasting, prayers, and alms deeds be works of a lively

faith.

knew him: but in case the said Tooly did wish and pray as is contained in the article, than he did likewise wish and consent with him therein.

To the twelfth he answered, that all which before he confessed to be true, is also true: and all that he hath denied to be true, he denieth again to be true, and believeth the same to be according to such things as he hath confessed.

These articles thus propounded and answered, the bishop at another appearance of Watts in the consistory began with him in this wise; "You know what I said to you to-day. The time is now come: weigh and consider with yourself, that you are but a man, and although you wilfully cast away your body, yet cast not away your soul, but while ye have time, return and confess the truth."

Watts answered, "I am weary of living in such idolatry as ye would have me to live in."

The bishop after many persuasions to recant, desired him to depart, and to come again on Saturday. When the bishop was absent, Doctor Nicholas Harpsfield, his deputy, earnestly exhorted Watts to renounce his opinions. To whom in the end he answered:

"Well, ye have a law to condemn me, and I submit myself to the law; but not to the laws of the church, as you call it."

On the 10th of May, the bishop privately sent for Watts into his chamber, and there with many fair promises tried him, whether he would revoke his errors, as he termed them. But Watts answered, "I will not believe your church, neither the Romish church, and therefore you do but labour in vain with me." He was hereupon again dismissed until Friday the 17th, and then commanded to appear in the consistory.

Thus being tossed to and fro from day to day, and from hour to hour, he was at last, on the 18th of May, brought into the consistory, and there being desired to renounce his profession, made this final answer, "God keep me from the doctrine that ye would have me to come to, which ye have now declared. And I beseech God that I may persevere in that, which I have done : for I will stand to mine answers. ""

The bishop perceiving his fair flattering promises to be useless, proceeded to pass sentence of condemnation. Which being ended, he was delivered to the sheriffs of London, and by them he was sent to Newgate, where he remained until the 9th of June, or, (as some record) to the 22nd of May: at which time he was carried to Chelmsford, and there was brought to an inn in Chelmsford, where, as they were eating meat with Hawkes and the rest that came down to be burned, they prayed together, both before and after their meat.

Then Watts went and prayed privately, and afterward came to his wife and six children, and said, "Wife, and my good children, I must now depart from you. Therefore henceforth I know you no more; but as the Lord hath given you unto me, so I give you again unto the Lord, whom I charge you to obey, and fear him: and beware ye turn not to this abominable papistry, against which I shall soon, by God's grace, give my blood. Let not the murdering of God's saints cause you to relent, but take occasion thereby to be the stronger in the Lord's cause, and I doubt not but he will be a merciful Father unto you." In this manner he spoke to them, and they to him: two of them offered to be burnt with him. In the end he bade them farewell, and kissed them all, and was carried to the fire.

At the stake, after he had kissed it, he spoke thus to Lord Rich, 66 My lord, beware! beware! for you act against your own conscience in this, and unless you repent, the Lord will revenge it: For you are the cause of

my death."

An Account of the supposed pregnancy of Queen Mary.

A persuasion had been in England, for the space of half a year or more, that the queen was pregnant. This report was made by the queen's physicians, and

L

others about the court: so that several were punished for saying the contrary. And commandment was given, that in all churches supplication and prayer should be made for the queen's good delivery. And also, provision was made in an act of parliament for the child.

In the beginning of June, about Whitsuntide, the time was thought to be nigh that this young master should come into the world, and that midwives, rockers, nurses, with the cradle and all, should be prepared and in readiness. Suddenly, upon what cause or occasion it is uncertain, a rumour was spread in London of the prosperous deliverance of the queen, and the birth of the child. So that the bells were wrung, bonfires and processions made, not only in the city of London, and in most other parts of the realm, but also at the town of Antwerp, guns were fired upon the river by the English ships, and the mariners rewarded with an hundred pistolets or Italian crowns by the lady regent, who was queen of Hungary. So great was the rejoicing and triumph for the queen's delivery, and that there was a prince born. Some preachers, as the parson of St. Anne, within Aldersgate, after the procession and Te Deum, took upon him to describe the proportions of the child, how fair, how beautiful, and great a prince it was.

In the end, all proved clean contrary, and the joy and expectations of men were much deceived. For the people were certified, that the queen neither was then delivered, nor was in hope of having any child.

About this time there was brought over into England a certain English book, giving warning to Englishmen of the Spaniards, and disclosing certain close practices for the recovery of abbey lands, which book was called 'A Warning for England.' Of which more shall be said when we come to the Spanish inquisition. So that by the occasion of this book, upon the 13th day of this month, a certain proclamation was set forth in the name of the king and queen, repealing and disannulling all manner of books written or printed, tending to the disparagement of the pope's dignity. The proclamation here followeth:

Roy, and the book commonly called 'Hall's Chronicle,' or any of them in the Latin tongue, Dutch tongue, English tongue, Italian tongue, or French tongue, or any other like book, paper, writing, or work, made, printed, or set forth, by any other person or persons, containing false doctrine contrary and against the catholic faith, and the doctrine of the catholic church. And also that no person or persons presume to write, print, utter, sell, read, or keep or cause to be written, printed, uttered, or kept, any of the said books, papers, works, or writings, or any book or books written or printed in the Latin or English tongue, concerning the common service and administration set forth in English to be used in the churches of this realm, in the time of King Edward VI., commonly called the communion book, or book of common service, and ordering of ministers, otherwise called 'The book set forth by authority of parliament, for common prayer and administration of the sacraments, or to be used in the mother tongue within the church of Eng. land,' but shall within the space of fifteen days next after the publication of this proclamation, bring or deliver, or cause the said books, writings, and works, and every of them remaining in their custody and keeping, to be brought and delivered to the ordinary of the diocese where such books, works, or writings be or remain, or to his chancellor or commissaries, without fraud, colour or deceit, at the said ordinaries' will and disposition, to be burnt, or otherwise to be used or ordered by the said ordinaries, as by the canons or spiritual laws it is in that case limited and appointed, upon pain that every offender, contrary to this proclamation, shall incur the danger and penalties contained in the said statute, and as they will avoid their majesties' high indignation and displeasure, and further answer at their uttermost perils.

"And their majesties, by this proclamation, give full power and authority to all bishops and ordinaries, and all justices of the peace, mayors, sheriffs, bailiffs of cities and towns corporate, and other head officers within this realm and the dominions thereof, and expressly command and will the same and every of them, that they and every of them, within their several limits and juris. dictions, shall, in the default and negligence of the said

"Whereas by the statute made in the second year of King Henry IV. concerning the repressing of heresy, there is ordained and provided a great punishment, not only for the authors, makers, and writers of books containing wicked doctrine, and erroneous and heretical opinions, contrary to the catholic faith and determination of the holy church, and likewise for their favourers and supporters; but also for such as shall have or keep any such books or writings, and not make delivery of them to the ordinary of the diocese or his ministers, within a certain time limited in the said statute, which act or statute being by authority of parliament of late revived, was also openly proclaimed, to the intent the subjects of the realm upon such proclamation should the rather eschew the danger and penalty of the said statute; and as yet nevertheless in most parts of the realm the same is neglected and little regarded. The king and queen our sovereign lord and lady, therefore, straitly charge and command, that no person or persons, of what estate, degree, or condition soever he or they be, from henceforth presume to bring or convey, or cause to be brought or conveyed, into this realm, any books, writ. ings, or works hereafter mentioned, that is to say, any book or books, writing or works, made or set forth, by, or in the name of, Martin Luther, or any book or books, writings or works, made and set forth, by, or in the name of, Oecolampadius, Zuinglius, John Calvin, Pomerane, John Alasco, Bullinger, Bucer, Melancthon, Bernardinus, Ochinus, Erasmus, Sarcerius, Peter Martyr, Hugh Latimer, Robert Barnes, otherwise called friar Barnes, John Bale, otherwise called friar Bale, Justus, Jonas John Hooper, Miles Coverdale, William Tindal, Thomas Cranmer, late arcbbishop of Canterbury, William Turner, Theodore Basil, otherwise called Thomas Beacon, John Frith,

search out the said books, writings, and works; and for this purpose enter into the house or houses, closets, and secret places of every person, of whatsoever degree, being negligent in this behalf, and suspected to keep any such book, writing, or works, contrary to this proclamation; and that the said justices, mayors, sheriffs, bailiffs, and other head officers above specified, and every of them within their said limits and jurisdictions finding any of the said subjects negligent and faulty in this behalf, shall commit every such offender to ward, there to remain without bail or mainprize, till the same offender or of fenders have received such punishment as the said statute doth limit and appoint in this behalf.

"Given under our signs manual, at our Honour of Hampton Court, the 13th day of June, the first and second years of our reigns.

"Imprinted by JOHN CAWOOD, A.D. 1555." Articles to be inquired into by the Wardens of every Company, touching Seditious Books, especially touching the Book called, ' A Warning for England.' "1. Whether they have seen any of the aforesaid books. "2. Whether they have heard of any of the said books. "3. Where they were, and in what place they have seen them.

"4. Whom they know to have lately come from be yond the sea, especially from Zurich, Strasburg, Frankfort, Wesel, Emden, and Disburgh.

5. Whom they know or vehemently suspect to be common carriers of letters, or money, thither from hence. "6. That they bring to my lord mayor all such seditious books as they have, or shall have found hereafter."

In this proclamation thou hast heard, christian reader, the profound and learned censure of the popish church of England, what books they dislike and reject as heretical, schismatical, and pernicious. Against which censure