the blessed sacrament which you shall hear." Then as he was turning certain leaves thereof, Hooper began again to speak but the bishop, turning himself towards him, tauntingly said, "Put up your pipes, you have spoken for your part, I will meddle no more with you," and therewith read a certain sentence from the book. Which done, he said, "Lo, here you may see his opinion, and what it is." At which words, the people standing behind, and seeing his irreverent and unseemly demeanour and railing, fell suddenly into great laughing. Whereat, the bishop being moved, and perceiving not the cause why they laughed, turned him towards them in a great rage, saying, "Ah, woodcocks, woodcocks!"

Then said one of the commissioners, " Why say you so, my lord?" Indeed," replied he, "I may well call them woodcocks, that thus will laugh, and know not what at, nor yet heard what I said or read."

"Well, my lord of London," said the archbishop, "then I perceive you would persuade this audience, that you were called here for preaching your belief in the sacrament of the altar, and therefore you lay to these men's charge (meaning Hooper and Latimer) that they have accused you of that. However, there was no such thing laid to your charge, and therefore this audience shall hear openly read the denunciation that is put up against you, to the intent that they may the better perceive your dealing herein." And therewithal he said unto the people, "My lord of London would make you believe, that he is called hither for declaring and preaching his opinion touching the sacrament of the altar: but to the intent you may perceive how he goes about to deceive you, you shall hear the denunciation that is laid in against him, read to you;" and thereupon he delivered the denunciation unto Sir John Mason, knight, who read it openly. Which done, the archbishop said again unto the audience," Lo, you hear how the bishop of London is called for no such matter as he would persuade you."

With this the bishop, being in a raging heat, as one void of all humanity, turned himself about unto the people, saying, "Well, now hear what the bishop of London saith for his part." But the commissioners, seeing his inordinate contumacy, forbid him to speak any more, saying, "That he used himself very disobediently."

Notwithstanding, he still persisting in his irreverent manner of dealing with the commissioners, pulled out of his sleeve another book, and said to the archbishop; "My lord of Canterbury, I have here a note out of your books that you made touching the blessed sacrament, wherein you affirm the verity of the body and blood of Christ to be in the sacrament; and I have another book also of yours of the contrary opinion; which is a marvelous matter."

To which the archbishop answered, that he made no books contrary one to another, and that he would defend his books; however, he thought the bishop understood them not; "for I promise you," said he, "I will find a boy of ten years old, that shall be more apt to understand that matter than you, my lord of London."

Thus, after a great many words, the commissioners, thinking it not good to spend any more time with him, desired him to shew his answers to the articles objected, the last day, against him. He, having them ready, read the same to them. Wherein he laments that one of his vocation, at the malicious denunciation of vile heretics, should be used after such a strange manner, having nevertheless done the best he could to declare his obedience to the king's majesty for the discouraging of rebellion; and also for the truth of Christ's true body, and his presence in the sacrament of the altar; for which alone the malicious denouncers, with their accomplices, had studied to trouble him.

Then in reply to the charge of omitting to defend the authority of the king, during his minority, he said, for the better setting forth of the king's majesty's power and authority in his minority, he had collected as well out of histories, as also out of the scriptures, the names of several young kings, who, notwithstanding minority, were faithfully and obediently honoured, and reputed for very true and lawful kings; as Henry 111. being but nine

years old; Edward III. being but thirteen years; Richard II. being but eleven years; Henry VI. being not fully one year; Edward V. being but eleven years; Henry VIII. being but eighteen years of age. And out of the Old Testament, Uzziah, who was but sixteen years old; Solomon and Manasseh being but twelve years; Josiah, Jehoiachim, and Joash being but eight years of age when they entered their reigns. All which notes, with many others, he had purposed to declare, if they had come to his memory, as indeed they did not, because he was disturbed; partly for lack of use of preaching, and partly by reason of a bill that was delivered to him from the king's council, to declare the victory then had against the rebels in Norfolk and Devonshire, which being of some length, confounded his memory; and partly also because his book in his sermon fell from him, wherein were his notes which he had collected for that purpose; so that he could not remember what he intended, but yet in general he persuaded the people to obedience to the king's majesty, whose minority was manifestly known to them and to all others.

When he had ended the reading of his answers, the commissioners said unto him that he had in the same very obscurely answered to the article beginning thus: "You shall also set forth in your sermon that our authority," &c. He answered, that he had already made as full and sufficient an answer in writing, as he was bound to make by law.

The judges again demanded of him, whether he would otherwise answer, or not? To the which he said, "No, unless the law did compel him." Then they asked him whether he thought the law did compel him to answer more fully, or not? He answered, "No;" adding further that he was not bound to make answer to such positions.

The commissioners then seeing his froward contumacy, told him plainly, that if he persisted thus, and would not otherwise answer, they would, according to the law, take him as if he had confessed it. He said, as before, that he had already fully answered them; but when they requested to have the notes, which he had made of his sermon, he said they should have them if they would send for them. And as in his answer he had stated that he did not know what the opinion of the rebels was, the judges declared to him that their opinion was, "That the king's majesty, before his grace came to the age of one-and-twenty years, had not so full authority to make laws and statutes, as when he came to further years; and that his subjects were not bound to obey the laws and statutes made in his young age." The bishop answered, that he was not of the opinion of the rebels mentioned in that article, as appeared by his answers, as well to the denunciation, as also to the fifth article objected against him.

Which ended, they admitted for witnesses upon the articles objected against him, Master John Cheek, Henry Markham, John Joseph, John Douglas, and Richard Chambers, whom they bound with an oath upon the holy evangelists, truly to answer and depose upon the same articles in the presence of the bishop, who, like a wily lawyer, protested against the receiving, admitting, and swearing those witnesses, demanding also a competent time to minister interrogatories against them, with a copy of all the acts of that day. With this the delagates were well pleased, and assigned him to administer his interrogatories against Master Cheek on that day, and against the rest on the next day.

After this the judges delegate assigned the bishop to appear again before them upon Wednesday then next ensuing, between the hours of seven and eight of the clock before noon, in the hall of the archbishop's manor of Lambeth, there to shew cause why he should not be declared pro confesso, upon all the articles whereto he had not answered, and to see further process done in the matter; and so (he still protesting against the validity of all their proceedings) they departed.

In the meanwhile the commissioners certified to the king's majesty and his council, of the bishop's demeanour, and what objections he had made against their proceedings, making doubts whether by the tenor of his ma

jesty's commission, the commissioners might proceed not only at the denunciation, but also at their mere office; and also whether they might as well determine or hear the cause. His majesty, for the better understanding thereof, did on the seventeenth of September send to the commissioners a full and perfect declaration of his will and pleasure in the commission, giving them full authority to proceed at their own discretion.

After this declaration had been sent down to, and received back from the king, the bishop of London appeared again before them upon Wednesday, the 18th of September, in the great hall at Lambeth. Where he declared, that although he had already sufficiently answered all things, yet further to satisfy the term assigned unto him, to shew cause why he ought not to be declared pro confesso upon the articles, to which he had not fully answered, he had then a writing to exhibit why he ought not to be so declared, which he read there openly. Wherein under his accustomed irreverent terms of pretended, unjust, and unlawful process and assignment, he said he was not bound by the law (for good and reasonable causes) to obey the same, especially their assign

ment.

When his frivolous objections were read, the archbishop seeing his inordinate and intolerable contempt of manner and language towards them, charged him very sharply, saying, "My Lord of London, if I had sat here only as archbishop of Canterbury, it had been your duty to have used yourself more lowly, obediently, and reverently towards me than you have; but seeing that I with my colleagues sit here now as delegates from the king's majesty, I must tell you plainly, you have behaved yourself too inordinately. For at every time that we have sat in commission, you have used such unseemly fashions, without all reverence and obedience, giving taunts and checks as well to us, with the servants and chaplains, as also to certain of the most ancient that are here, calling them fools and daws, with such like expressions, as that you have given to the multitude an intolerable example of disobedience. And I assure you, my lord, there is you and another bishop whom I could name, that have used yourselves so contemptuously and disobediently, as the like I think has not before been heard of, by which ye have done much harm."

At which words the bishop said scornfully to the archbishop, "You show yourself to be a meet judge."

The archbishop then reminded him how indiscreetly the last day in the chapel he had called all the people "woodcocks."

He answered, that William Latimer, one of the denouncers, had practised with the audience, that when he lifted up his hand to them, they should say as he said, and do as he did; as, one time, upon the lifting up of his hand, " Nay, nay;" and at another time, Yea, yea," and laughed they could not tell at what.

To which words Latimer replied, saying, "That he lifted not up his hand at any time, but only to cause them to hold their peace."

Then secretary Smith said to the bishop, that in all his writings and answers he did not once acknowledge them as the king's commissioners, but used always protestations, calling them pretended commissioners, pretended delegates, pretended commission, pretended articles, pretended proceedings, so that all things were pretended with him. "Such terms," said he, " proctors use to delay matters for their clients, when they will not have the truth known. But you, my lord, to use us the king's majesty's commissioners, with such terms, do very naughtily. And I pray you what else did the rebels do but act in the same way? For when letters and pardons were brought them from the king and his council, they would not credit them, but said they were none of the king's or his council's, but gentlemen's doings, with such like terms. But now, my lord, because we cannot make you confess whether, in your sermon, you omitted the article touching the king's majesty's authority in his tender age or not, but still have said that you will not answer otherwise than you have done, and that you have already sufficiently answered, so that we can by no means induce you to confess plainly

what you did, yea or nay; therefore I say, to the intent we may come to the truth, we have dilated the matter more at large, and have drawn out other articles where. unto you shall be sworn, and then I trust, you will dally with us no more as you have done."

Then the delegates ministered to him certain new articles and injunctions, and did there bind him with an oath in form of law to make a full and true answer. The bishop notwithstanding still protested the nullity and invalidity of these articles, injunctions, and process, desiring also a copy with a competent time to answer. The judges decreed a copy, commanding him to come to his examination the next day.

Then the commissioners received for witness Sir John Mason, Sir Thomas Chalenor, knights, Master William Cecil, Armigal Wade, and William Hunnings, clerks to the king's council, whom they bound with a corporal oath in the presence of the bishop.

These articles being thus administered to the bishop of London, the next day, being Thursday the 19th of September, the before-named commissioners sate in the archbishop's chamber of presence at Lambeth, attending the coming of the bishop of London. Before whom there appeared Robert Johnson the bishop's registrar, who declared to the commissioners that the bishop his master could not at that time personally appear before them without great danger of his bodily health, because he feared to fall into a fever by reason of a cold that he had taken by too much overwatching himself the night before, whereby he was compelled to keep his bed: nevertheless, if he could without danger of his bodily health, he would appear before them the same afternoon. This excuse the judges were content to take in good part. Master Smith remarked, that “if he were sick indeed, the excuse was reasonable, and to be allowed; but," said he, "I promise you, my lord has so dallied with us, and used hitherto such delays, that we may mistrust that this is but a feigned excuse. How. ever, upon your faithful declaration, we are content to tarry until one o'clock this afternoon," and so they did, desiring Master Johnson to signify then to them whether the bishop could appear or not.

At which hour Robert Johnson and Richard Rogers, gentlemen of the bishop's chamber appeared again before the commissioners, declaring that, for the causes before alleged, their master could not appear at that time. Whereupon Master secretary Smith said to them, "My lord of London, your master, has used us very homely, and sought delays hitherto, and now, perhaps, perceiving these last articles to touch the quick, and therefore loth to come to his answer, he feigns himself sick. But because he shall not so deceive us any more, we will send the knight marshal to him, commanding him if he be sick, indeed, to let him alone; for that is a reasonable excuse; but if he be not sick, then to bring him forthwith to us; for I promise you he shall not use us as he has done; and therefore Master Johnson you do the part of a trusty servant as becomes you; but it is also your part to show my lord his stubborn heart and disobedience, which does him more harm than he is aware of. What, thinks he to stand with a king in his own realm? Is this the part of a subject? Nay, I suppose we shall have a new Thomas à Becket. Let him take heed, for if he play these parts, he may happen to be made shorter by the head. He may appeal if he think good; but whither? To the bishop of Rome? I say he cannot appeal but to the same king who has made us his judges, and to the bench of his council; and how they will take this matter when they hear of it, I doubt not. He would make men believe that he was called before us for preaching his opinion of the sacrament; wherein I assure you he did both falsely and wickedly, and more than became him, and more than he had in commandment to do, for he was not desired to speak of that matter; but yet we will lay no such thing to his charge, and therefore we will not have him delay us." Which ended, the delegates decreed to tarry for him until the next day at two o'clock, being Friday, the 20th of September.

At which day and time the bishop appeared himself

personally before them in the same chamber of presence; where he exhibited his answers to the last articles.

After this, perceiving that Master secretary Smith was more quick with him than others of the commissioners, and that he would not suffer him any longer to dally out the matter with his vain subtleties in law, but urged him to go directly to his matter, and sometimes sharply rebuking him for his ill and stubborn behaviour towards them; he, to destroy his authority, exhibited in writing a recusation of the secretary's judgment against him, in which he rejects the secretary as a prejudiced and hostile person, unfit to sit in judgment upon him.

When this was read by the bishop, the secretary told him plainly, that he would proceed in his commission, and would be still his judge; and said further, "My lord, you say, in your recusation, that I said 'That you were acting like thieves, murderers, and traitors,' indeed I said it, and will so say again, since we perceive it by your doings."

The bishop in a great rage replied, saying, "Well, sir, because you sit here by virtue of the king's commission, and are secretary to his majesty, and also one of his highness' council, I must and do honour and reverence you; but, as you are but Sir Thomas Smith, and say as ye have said, 'That I do like thieves, murderers, and traitors,' I say, ye lie, and I defy you; and do what you can to me, I fear you not, and therefore what thou doest do quickly."

The archbishop with the other commissioners said to him, that for such his irreverent behaviour he was worthy imprisonment.

Then the bishop, in more mad fury than before, said again, "In God's name ye may send me whither you will, and I must obey you, and so will, except you send me to the devil, for thither I will not go for you. Three things I have a small portion of goods, a poor carcase, and mine own soul: the two first ye may take, but as for my soul, ye shall not get it."

"Well," said the secretary then, "ye shall know that there is a king."

"Yea, sir," said the bishop, "but that is not you, neither, I am sure, will you take it upon you."

"No sir," said the secretary, "but we will make you know who it is;" and with that the commissioners commanded the bishop and all the rest to depart the chamber, until they called for him again.

Now that the commissioners were in consultation, the bishop, with Gilbert Bourn, his chaplain, Robert Warnington his commissary, and Robert Johnson his registrar, were tarrying in a vacant place before the door of the chamber; the bishop leaning on a cupboard, and seeing his chaplains very sad, said, "Sirs, what mean you? Why show you yourselves to be sad and heavy in mind, as appears to me by your outward gestures and countenances? I would wish you, and I require you to be as merry as I am, (laying therewith his hand upon his breast) for before God I am, not sad nor heavy, but merry and of good comfort, and am right glad and joyful of this my trouble, which is for God's cause, and it grieves me nothing at all. But the great matter that grieves me and pierces my heart is, that this Hooper and such other vile heretics and beasts are suffered and licensed to preach at Paul's Cross, and in other places within my diocese, most detestably preaching and railing at the blessed sacrament of the altar, and denying the verity and presence of Christ his true body and blood to be there, and so infect and betray my flock. But I say it is there in very deed, and in that opinion I will live and die, and am ready to suffer death for the same. Wherefore, ye being christian men, I do require you, and also charge and command you in the name of God, and on his behalf, as ye will answer him for the contrary, that ye go to the mayor of London, and to his brethren the aldermen, praying and also requiring them earnestly in God's name and mine, and for mine own discharge on that behalf, that from henceforth, when any such detestable and abominable preachers (and especially those who hold opinions against the bles. sed sacrament of the altar) do come to preach to them, they forthwith depart out of their presence, and do not

hear them, lest that they, tarrying with such preachers, should not only hurt themselves in receiving their poisoned doctrine, but also give encouragement to others, who thereby might take an occasion to think and believe that their erroneous and damnable doctrine is true and good."

And then, turning himself about, and beholding two of the archbishop's gentlemen, who kept the chamber door where the commissioners were in consultation, and perceiving that they had heard all his talk, he spake to them also and said, "And, sirs, ye be my lord of Canterbury's gentlemen, I know ye very well; and therefore I also require and charge you in God's behalf, and in his name, that ye do the like, where you shall chance to see and hear such corrupt and erroneous preachers, and also advertise my lord your master of the same, and of these my sayings that I have now spoken here before you, as ye are christian men, and shall answer before God for the contrary."

With this the commissioners called for the bishop again, who read unto them an instrument, containing an appeal to the king.

Then the delegates proceeded to the examination of the last answers, and finding them imperfect, they demanded of him on what special day of August he was sent for by the lord protector? To whom he obstinately answered, that he was not bound to make any other answer than he had already made, neither would he otherwise answer as long as Master secretary Smith was present, whom he had before recused, and would not recede from his recusation.

The secretary, seeing him so wilful and perverse, said sharply to him, "My lord, come off and make a full and perfect answer to these articles, or else we will take other order with you."

"In faith, sir," then said the bishop, "I thought ye had been learned; but now before God I perceive well that either ye are not learned, or else ye have forgotten it: for I have so often answered lawfully and sufficiently and have shewed causes sufficient and reasonable, that I must needs judge that you are too ignorant herein." "Well," said Master secretary, "ye will not then otherwise answer?"

"No," said the bishop, "except the law do compel

me."

"Then," said the secretary, "call for the knight marshal, that he may be had to ward."

With that all the rest of the commissioners charged the bishop, that he had very outrageously and irreverently behaved himself towards them, sitting on the king's majesty's commission, and especially towards Sir Thomas Smith, his majesty's secretary, and for that and other contumelious words which he had spoken, they declared they would commit him to the Marshalsea.

By this time the marshal's deputy came before them, whom Master secretary commanded to take the bishop as prisoner, and so to keep him, that no man might come to him.

When the secretary had ended, the bishop said to him, "Well, sir, it might have become you right well, that his grace of Canterbury, here present, being first in com.. mission, and your better, should have done it."

Then the commissioners assigning him to be brought before them on Monday, to make full answer to these articles, or else to shew cause why he should not be declared guilty by confession, concluded the session.

Now, as the bishop was departing with the undermarshal, he turned himself in a great fury toward the commissioners, and said to Sir Thomas Smith, "Sir, where ye have committed me to prison, ye shall understand, that I will require no favour at your hands, but shall willingly suffer what shall be put to me, as bolts on my heels; yea, and if ye will, iron about my middle, or where ye will."

Then departing again, he yet returned once more, and said to the archbishop; "Well, my lord, I am sorry that I, being a bishop, am thus handled at your grace's hand; but more sorry that ye suffer abominable heretics to practise as they do in London and elsewhere, infecting and disquieting the king's liege people: and therefore Ï

do require you, as you will answer to God and the king, that ye will henceforth abstain from doing thus; for if you do not, I will accuse you before God and the king's majesty." And so he departed, using many reproachful words against the common people, who stood and spake to him by the way as he went.

shall not only hurt yourselves in receiving his poisoned doctrine, but also shall give countenance that their doctrine is tolerable by reason that ye are content to hear it, and say nothing against it. And because I cannot tell when I shall speak with you to advertise you hereof, therefore I thought good for mine own discharge and yours, thus much to write to you, requiring and praying

London.

It was assigned, that upon Monday, the twenty-third of the same month, the bishop should again appear before the commissioners, to shew a final cause why he should not be declared pro confesso, upon all the articles whereto he had not fully answered.

Accordingly, the bishop was brought before them by the under-marshal, and there declared that his appearance at that time and place was not voluntary; for that he was against his will brought there by the keeper of the Marshalsea; and he then intimated a general recusation of all the commissioners, alleging that because the archbishop with all his colleagues had neither observed the order of their commission, nor proceeded against him after any laudable form of judgment, but attempted many things unlawfully against his person, dignity, and state, especially in committing him to prison; and he therefore did refuse and decline from the judgment of the archbishop and his colleagues, and except against their jurisdiction; and therefore, according to his appeal, he purposed to submit himself to the tuition, protection, and defence of the king's majesty; for whose honour and reverence sake, he said, they ought not to proceed any further against him.

The archbishop, however, with the others, told him plainly that they would be still his judges, and proceed against him according to the king's commission.

Then the bishop, seeing that they would still proceed against him, intimated an appeal to the king's majesty.

The commissioners, notwithstanding, stood to their commission, and urged him straightly to make a more full answer to his articles than he had done.

The bishop said, that he would stand to his recusations and appeal, and would not make any other answer. Then the delegates demanded of him what cause he had to allege, why he ought not to be declared pro confesso, upon the articles whereto he had not fully answered; the bishop still answering (as before) that he would adhere to his appeal and recusation.

Whereupon the archbishop, with consent of the rest, seeing his pertinacity, pronounced him contumacious, and declared him guilty, upon all the articles which he had not answered.

This done, Master secretary Smith shewed a letter which the bishop of London had sent unto the lord mayor, and the aldermen of the city of London, as follows:

To the right honourable and my very good Lord, the Lord Mayor of London, with all his worshipful Brethren, my very dear and worshipful Friends, with speed.

"Right honourable, with my very humble recommendations: whereas I have perceived of late, and heard with mine ears, what vile beasts and heretics have preached to you, or rather like themselves prated and railed against the most blessed sacrament of the altar, denying the truth, and presence of Christ's true body and blood to be there, giving you and the people liberty to believe what ye list, teaching you detestably, that faith in this behalf must not be constrained, but that every man may believe as he will; by reason whereof, lest my presence and silence might to some have been seen to have allowed their heretical doctrine, and given credit to them, betraying my flock of the catholic sort, ye know I departed yesterday from the heretic praters' uncharitable charity, and so could have wished that you and all others that are catholic should have done, leaving those there with him that are already cast away, and will not be recovered. For you tarrying with him still,

discharge, that ye suffer not yourselves to be abused with such wicked preachers and teachers, in hearing their evil doctrine that you shall perceive them go about to sow. And thus our blessed Lord long and well preserve you all with this noble city in all good rest, godliness, and prosperity. Written in haste, this Monday morning, the sixteenth of September, 1549.

"Your faithful beadsman and poor bishop, "EDMUND BONNER."

This letter being read, the secretary demanded of him whether he wrote it or not. To whom he would not otherwise answer, but that he would still adhere and stand to his former recusations and appeals. Which the commissioners seeing, determined to continue this case until Friday then next following, assigning the bishop to be there, to hear a final decree of this matter.

On Friday the commissioners did not sit in commission according to their appointment, but deferred it till Tuesday, the first of October. Upon which day the bishop appearing before them, the archbishop declared to him, that although upon Friday last they had ap pointed to pronounce their final decree and sentence in this matter, yet as they thought that that sentence (although they had just cause to give it,) would be very severe against him, they had not only deferred it until this day, but desiring to be friendly to him, and to use more gentle reformation towards him, had made such suit for him, that although he had grievously offended the king's majesty, yet if he would have acknowleged his fault, and have made some amends in submitting himself, he should have found much favour; the sentence would not have been so extreme against him, as it was likely to be now.

The bishop not at all regarding this gentle and friendly admonition, but persisting still in his contumacy, made another protest against the commissioners, and then appealed from them to the king, refusing to make answer, on the plea that he was not free, but a prisoner.

He then handed in both his protests and his appeal in writing, after having publicly read them.

These things ended, the archbishop said to him, “My lord where you say that you come compelled, or else you would not have appeared, I much wonder. For you would thereby make us and this audience here believe, that because you are a prisoner, you ought not therefore to answer; which, if it were true, were enough to confound the whole state of this realm. For I dare say, that of the greatest prisoners and rebels that ever your keeper there (meaning the under marshal) had under him, he cannot show me one that has used such defence as you have done."

"Well," said the bishop, “if my keeper were learned in the laws, I could shew him my mind."

"Well," said the archbishop, "I have read over all the laws as well as you, but to another end and purpose than you did, and yet I can find no such privilege in this matter."

Then Master Secretary Smith charged him very severely how disobediently and rebelliously he had be haved himself towards the king's majesty and authority. The bishop answered again, "That he was the king's majesty's lawful and true subject, and did acknowledge his highness to be his gracious sovereign lord, or else he would not have appealed to him as he did, yea, and would gladly lay his hands, and his neck also, under his grace's feet, and therefore he desired that his highness's laws and justice might be administered to him."

"Yea," replied Master Secretary, "you say well my lord, but I pray you what else have all these rebels in Norfolk, Devonshire, and Cornwall, and other places done? Have they not said the same thing? We are

the king's true subjects, we acknowledge him for our king, and we will obey his laws, with such like phrases; and yet when either commandment, letter, or pardon was brought to them from his majesty, they did not believe it, but said it was forged and made under a hedge, and was gentlemen's doings, so that they neither would nor did obey anything."

"Ah, sir," said the bishop, "I perceive your meaning; you would say that the bishop of London is a rebel like them."

"Yea, by my troth," said the secretary. Whereat the people laughed.

Then the dean of St. Paul's said to him, "That he marvelled much, and was very sorry to see him so untractable, that he would not suffer the judges to speak."

To whom the bishop disdainfully answered; " Well, Master Dean, you must say somewhat." And likewise at another time as the dean was speaking, he interrupted him and said, "You may speak when your turn comes." Then said the secretary Smith, "I would you knew your duty."

"I would," retorted he again, "you knew it as well;" with an infinite deal more of such stubborn and contemptuous behaviour. Which the commissioners weighing, determined that the archbishop, with their whole consent, should openly read and publish their final decree or sentence definitive against him. Which he did, pronouncing him thereby to be clean deprived from the bishopric of London.

The sentence specified that the bishop of London had neglected the king's injunctions in his diocese, and especially had not complied with his majesty's command to preach in behalf of the king's authority as impeached by the rebels; and the sentence embodied the words of the royal injunctions, which he thus neglected, and which are as follows:

"Ye shall also set forth in your sermon, that our authority of our royal power is (as of truth it is) of no less authority and force in this our younger age, than is and was of any of our predecessors, though the same were much elder, as may appear by example of Josiah and other young kings in scripture. And therefore all our subjects to be no less bound to the obedience of our precepts, laws, and statutes, than if we were thirty or forty years of age."

When this sentence of deprivation was ended, the bishop immediately appealed by word of mouth :

"I, Edmund, bishop of London, brought in and kept here as a prisoner against my consent and will, do under my former protestation, and to the intent it may also appear, that I have not consented nor agreed to any thing done against me and in my prejudice, allege and say that this sentence given here against me, is lex nulla; and so far forth as it shall appear to be aliqua, I do say it is iniqua and injusta; and that therefore I do appeal to the most excellent and noble king Edward VI., by the grace of God, king of England, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, and of the church of England, and also Ireland, next and immediately under God here on earth, supreme head, and unto his court of chancery or parliament, as the law, statutes, and ordinances of this realm will suffer and bear in this behalf, desiring instantly first, second, and third, according to the laws, letters, reverential or dimissory, to be given and delivered unto me in this behalf, with all things expedient, requisite, or necessary in any wise."

The judges said, "that they will declare and signify to the king's majesty what is done in this matter."

The archbishop considering that most of the audience did not understand the meaning of the sentence which was read in the Latin tongue, said to them, "Because there may be many of you here that understand not the Latin tongue, and so cannot tell what judgment has been given, I shall therefore shew you its effect ;" and therewith declared in English the causes expressed in the sentence, adding these words :-

"Because my lord of London is found guilty in these matters, therefore we have here by our sentence deprived him of our bishopric of London; and this we

shew to you that from henceforth you snall not esteem him any more as bishop of London."

Then Bonner desired the archbishop to declare likewise how he had appealed. But the other, seeing his froward contempt, refused it, saying, "you may do it yourself." Whereupon very disdainfully again he said, "What will your grace do with me, touching my imprisonment? Will you keep me still in prison ?”

To whom the commissioners answered that they perceived now more in the matter than they did before, and that his behaviour was greater rebellion than he was aware of, and therefore they would not discharge him, but committed him again to his keeper to be kept in prison. Where he most justly remained until the death of that most worthy and godly prince king Edward VI. After which time he wrought most horrible mischief and cruelties against the saints of God, as will appear hereafter, throughout the whole reign of queen Mary,

Immediately after his deprivation, he wrote out of the Marshalsea other letters supplicatory to the lord chan. cellor, and the rest of the king's council. Wherein he complained, that by reason of the great enmity that the duke of Somerset and Sir Thomas Smith bare to him, his earnest suits unto the king and his council could not be heard. He therefore most humbly desired their lordships to consider him, and to let him have liberty to prosecute this matter before them, and he would daily pray for the good preservation of their honours; and afterwards wrote in the same way to the king's majesty.

The king, on receiving his petition, gave in charge and commandment to certain men of honour and worship, and persons skilful in the law, as to the lord Rich, high chancellor, the lord treasurer, the marquis of Dorset, the bishop of Ely; Lord Wentworth, Sir Anthony Wingfield, Sir William Herbert, knights; doctor Rich, Wooton, Edward Montague, lord chief justices; Sir John Baker, knight; with judge Hale, John Gosnold, doctor Oliver, and also doctor Layson, that they perusing all such acts, matters, and muniments of Bonner by him exhibited, produced, propounded, and alleged, with all his protestations, recusations, and appeals, should upon mature consideration give their direct answer, whether the appeal of Bonner were to be deferred to, whether the sentence against him stood by the law sufficient and effectual or not. Who soon after diligent discussion, and considerate advice, gave their answer, that the appeal of Edmund Bonner was null and unreasonable, and in no wise to be deferred to; and that the sentence by the commissioners against him was rightly and justly pronounced. And this was the conclusion of Bonner's whole matter and deprivation.

Thus then leaving Doctor Bonner a while in the Marshalsea, we will proceed further in the course of our history, as the order of years and time requireth. And although the trouble of the lord protector falls here jointly with the deprivation of Doctor Bonner; yet as he was shortly again delivered, I will therefore delay to treat of it till his second trouble, which was two years after; and so in the meantime, intend to continue the matter, touching the king's godly proceedings for reformation of religion in the year 1549.

And here first a note should be made of Peter Martyr and of his learned labours, and disputation in the University of Oxford this year with Doctor Chedsey, and others about the sacrament; which was, that the substance of bread and wine was not changed in the sacrament, and that the body and blood of Christ was not carnally and bodily in the bread and wine, but united to the same sacramentally.

In like manner, some mention here also should be made of the ecclesiastical laws, for the compiling of which thirty-two persons were assigned by act of parliament, 1549. But because these are rather matters of treatise than historical, I mean to defer the further consideration of them to the end of the history of this king's days, and so to pass forward to other matters in the meanwhile.

UU