resident clergyman in 10,700 parishes. The army, on its present peace establishment, costs seven millions, the navy six millions, the ordinance two millions and a half-See "Essay on the Church."

It is sometimes asserted that the clergy are paid by the nation. This is not true: the Clergy do not cost the nation one farthing; they live entirely on their own property-property to which they have as much right as any layman can have to property into the possession of which he has come either by inheritance or purchase. Public property, it may be called, in one respect; namely, that public duties are required of those who hold it: and persons of all ranks in life, who will qualify themselves to perform these duties, may obtain a portion of it. But to call church property public, and, therefore, appropriate it to any other than church purposes, would be ust as much an act of national dishonesty and oppression, as o seize the property of any individual.

THE BIBLE.

Ir is intended under this head, to give a series of papers calculated, by God's blessing, to assist the Village Churchman in the profitable reading of the Holy Scriptures, and lead him to a diligent perusal of that Word which is "able to make him wise unto salvation." The first article is on the nature of

SCRIPTURE TYPES.

A type, in its primary and literal meaning, simply denotes a rough draft, or less accurate model, from which a more perfect image is made: but in the sacred sense of the term, it may be defined to be a symbol of something future and distant, or an example prepared and evidently designed by God to prefigure that future thing. The thing or person prefigured is called the antitype. It has been observed by Bishop Van Mildert, "it is essential to a type, in the scriptural acceptation of the term, that there should be a competent evidence of the divine intention in the correspondence between it and the antitype-a matter not left to the imagination of the expositor to discover, but resting on some solid proof from Scripture itself, that this was really the case."

In the Sacred Writings we meet with three species of types. 1. Legal Types, or those contained in the Mosaic Law. Thus the Levitical priesthood was typical. See Heb. v. vii. viii. The Paschal Lamb was typical. Compare Exod. xii. 3.

&c., with John xix. 36, and 1 Cor. v. 7. The land of Canaan was typical. See Heb. iv.

2. Prophetical Types. By these the prophets prefigured or signified things either present or future, by means of external symbols. To this class may be referred Jeremiah's vision of the almond-tree and seething-pot. (Jer. i. 11-16.) Ezekiel's vision of the resurrection of dry bones. (Ezek. xxxvii.)

3. Historical Types. By these the characters, actions, and fortunes of some eminent persons recorded in the Old Testament, are so ordered by Divine Providence as to be exact prefigurations of the characters, actions, and fortunes of future persons who should arise under the Gospel dispensation.

The following is a simple classification of Scripture types. 1. Typical persons. Of such were Adam, Melchizedek, Isaac, Joseph, Moses, Joshua, David, &c.

2. Typical things. Of such were the vision of the burning bush, the brazen serpent, the sacrifices, &c.

3. Typical places. Of such were the cities of refuge, the tabernacle in the wilderness, the temple in Canaan, &c.

No one can read the Epistle to the Hebrews, which an old writer has styled " A Commentary on Leviticus," without being forcibly struck with the typical character of the ceremonial institutions, and without perceiving the truth of the Apostle's words, that the ceremonial rites and ordinances were shadows of good things to come, the body of which is Christ."-Col. ii. 17.

God would not have appointed types, if they had not been beneficial to his church. But with respect to the Jewish and the Christian Church, they subserved different purposes.

To the Jews, the types served to show what sort of a person their Messiah should be. They kept up the expectation of him in the world. They moreover led the people to exercise faith on him.

To us the types are of signal use, in that they testify of Christ as the person promised from the foundation of the world, and prefigured in the whole of the Mosaic ritual. Further, they wonderfully illustrate the character of Jesus.

Seeing, dear reader, that we in this our day enjoy a clearer light than that which was enjoyed by the Jews of old, let us be thankful for our privilege, and "stand fast in the liberty wherewith Christ has made us free." "Let us be careful to walk worthy of our high vocation, and show forth the praises of him who has called us out of darkness into his marvellous light." Pet. ii. 9.

THE LITURGY.

[From Wheatley's Remarks on the Common Prayer]

Of the Order of Morning and Evening Prayer Daily throughout the Year. (Continued from Vol. II. page 230.)

THE NICENE CREED.

THE order of the service in the Prayer Book is here intentionally disarranged for the purpose of bringing into more immediate view the three Creeds, styled the Apostles', St. Athanasius', and the Nicene.

(They are placed after the Epistle and Gospel.)-As the Apostles' Creed is placed immediately after the Lessons, so is this immediately after the Epistle and Gospel; both of these being founded upon the doctrine of Christ and his Apostles.

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As, therefore, in the foregoing portions of Scripture, гое believe with one heart to righteousness," so in the Creed that follows. we confess with our mouth to salvation," an account of it. This is commonly called the Nicene Creed, as being, for the greatest part, the Creed that was drawn up by the first general Council of Nice, in the year 325; but enlarged by a fuller explication of some articles about the year 381, especially in relation to the divinity and procession of the Holy Ghost, in order to a more particular confutation and suppression of the Arian heresy, which maintained Christ's inferiority to the Father, and the Macedonian heresy, which considered the Holy Ghost only as a divine energy, and not as distinct from the Father and the Son. For which reason it was enjoined, by the third Council of Toledo, to be recited by all the people in Spain before the Sacrament, to shew that they were all free from heresy, and in the strictest league of union with the Catholic Church. And since in this Sacrament we are to renew our baptismal vow, (one branch of which was, that we would believe all the Articles of the Christian faith,) it is very requisite that, before we be admitted, we should declare that we stand firm in the belief of those Articles

"Nothing tends more to quiet men's consciences, and keep them from wavering in their faith, than a plain knowledge of what they believe. A creed is to the Christian, what ballast is to a ship, or the polar star to the pilot. It is the point to which he recurs in all storms, whether of violence or temptation. No wonder then, that the apostolic injunction should have been adopted in the Primitive Churches; and hence, the wisdom of the English Church, not only in scattering the

fundamental articles of belief through all her formularies, enriched by the words of Holy Scripture, but in condensing the first, and what may be called the peculiarly Christian tenets, in a form which, from its simplicity, and I might say apostolicity, is appropriately called the Apostles' Creed. Whilst we are repeating this, we should call to mind those several portions of it which set before us the Godhead and offices ascribed to the several persons of the Trinity, and remember that "as Baptism represents unto us our profession," so does this teach us, that, 66 we should follow the example of our Saviour Christ, and be made like unto him, that as he died and rose again for us, so should we who are baptized, die to sin, and rise again unto righteousness."

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

[The Readers of The Village Churchman are requested to observe, that the Editor is not able to give the price of books which come under notice, without incurring the liability of being charged duty as for an advertisement.]

Plain Abstracts, for popular use, of all the Acts of Public Interest passed in the Session 2 and 3 Victoria, 1839. By John H. Brady. London: Henry Washbourne, Salisbury-square, 1840. Small 12mo. pp. 68.

A most useful manual or digest; well worthy of universal perusal. "There needs no argument to prove that it is incumbent on every man to know the laws which he is called on to obey and therefore as the statute-law of this kingdom is, in many essential particulars amended, or modified with each revolving year, a summary of the Acts passed in each Session of Parliament, sufficiently comprehensive to be useful, plain enough to be generally intelligible, and so moderate in price as to be accessible to all classes of the community, will, it is believed, be welcomed by a number of persons to whom such information is important, and who must otherwise rely on the clippings supplied in almanacs, or incur a comparatively heavy expense in purchasing the statutes themselves."

The Missionary Gleaner. December, No. 20. London: Nisbet. pp. 16.

A most interesting monthly publication, abounding in rich missionary information. It ought to find its way into the

hands of every missionary collector and contributor. The great mass of print, and the neatness of the manner in which it is got up, must require a very extensive sale in order to meet the expenses incurred by the editors. It is hoped that it will meet with the encouragement it deserves. The present number completes Vol. I.

Magazine for the Blind. Nos. I. II. III. IV. London:
Simpkin and Marshall.

We have much pleasure in introducing to our readers this remarkable work. It is printed in raised letters for the use of the blind, by a gentleman who is blind himself. Its contents are suited to the instruction and the amusement of those for whose welfare it is intended, while all who take any interest in objects of Christian benevolence should possess it. The peculiarity of the method of printing renders great expense necessary, while the elegant style in which the work is brought out, renders it a cheap and suitable ornament for a drawing room table. It is published monthly-its contents are entirely original, and we can assure our readers that they will be amply gratified by the outlay of the monthly sixpence which it costs. Every Christian whose heart is warmed with benevolence to the blind and the neglected, should not only possess the work but make it known as widely as possible.

THE LIFE OF MR. RICHARD HOOKER.
Abridged from Izaak Walton.

Ir is not to be doubted, but that Richard Hooker was born at Heavy-tree, near, or within the precincts, or in the city of Exeter; a city which may justly boast, that it was the birthplace of him and Sir Thomas Bodley; as indeed the county may, in which it stands, that it hath furnished this nation with Bishop Jewel, Sir Francis Drake, Sir Walter Raleigh, and many others, memorable for their valour and learning. was born about the year of our redemption 1553; and of He parents that were not so remarkable for their extraction or riches, as for their virtue and industry, and God's blessing upon both; by which they were enabled to educate their children in some degree of learning, of which our Richard Hooker may appear to be one fair testimony; and that nature is not so