rulers thereof, and all the land of his (i.e. Madai's) dominion."

"Neither

Isaiah xiii. 20. shall the Arabian pitch tent there."

who are from the east (Twv año avarodŵv) might be prepared."

An Arabian tribe was encamped between the Birs Nimroud and Hillah when General Chesney was there.

In the description of the former capture we do not read as we do when the future capture is described, of a multitudinous and simultaneous gathering of many nations and many kings (amongst whom, let it be observed, no supreme ruler is named, all that is said being this, “appoint a captain against her"); but our attention is almost exclusively turned to Cyrus individually, and the conquest is regarded as solely that of the Medes and Persians, more particularly the latter, because Cyrus had raised Persia above Media. The undivided preeminence of Cyrus is very distinctly marked in Isaiah xlv.: "Thus saith the Lord to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden to subdue nations before Him to open before Him the two-leaved I will go before THEE

gates;

give THEE the treasures of darkness," &c.*

I will

Cyrus

* Cyrus is evidently regarded in this passage as a type of Christ, the great final destroyer of Babylon. But no such typical personage is mentioned in connection with the last gathering of the nations against Babylon: partly, I suppose, because the Lord Himself completes the desolation which those nations commence, partly, because the victors themselves are smitten when the Day of the Lord comes upon

is not mentioned in the chapters we have been considering in Jeremiah, nor in Isaiah, when he speaks of the day of the Lord. On the contrary, it is implied that there is no one sovereign head over the many nations assembled, but a captain is to be appointed.

conquerors and conquered alike. Those, therefore, who conquer and then are themselves destroyed, would not be fit types of Him, "whose kingdom shall be an everlasting kingdom, and His throne endureth throughout all generations.”

It is worthy of remark that the verses that immediately precede the declaration of Jeremiah against Babylon record the doom of Elam, i.e., Persia : "Thus saith the Lord of hosts, Behold, I will break the bow of Elam. . . . upon Elam will I bring the four winds. . . . I will scatter them towards all those winds. . . . there shall be no nation whither the outcasts of Elam shall not come; I will cause Elam to be dismayed. I will set my throne in Elam, and will des

troy from thence, the king and the princes, saith the Lord." Such is the doom pronounced upon the nation that originally conquered Babylon. "But it shall come to pass in the latter days, that I will bring again the captivity of Elam, saith the Lord." (Jer. xlix. 35—39.)

CORRESPONDENT TESTIMONY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT AND THE APOCALYPSE RESPECTING BABYLON.

IT is important to notice the similarity, even in minute expressions, between the Old Testament Prophets and the Revelation, when they respectively treat of Babylon. It is true that such similarity may not be in itself sufficient to prove the identity of the subject matter. The expressions may refer only to such characteristics as are capable of being found at the same time in two different cities. For example, two different cities may at the same time be alike characterized by mercantile wealth, or by certain features of moral evil. But two different cities cannot at the same time be sovereign in the same sphere, nor be at the same time Antichrist's chief city, and bear in the Old and New Testament the same name, and perish at the same time, and under the same judgments. When the Old and New Testament Prophecies concur in assigning such characteristics to a given city, the subject of their testimony must be the same. Indeed, as has been already said, it would be impossible for Babylon to

be what the Old Testament declares it shall be at the close of this dispensation, without its being mentioned in a book, such as the Revelation, which professedly describes the condition of the nations at that hour.

These passages, it should be observed, ascribe a universality of influence to Babylon which certainly exceeds any that she possessed previous to her capture by the Persians.

xlvii. 7-9.

"How much she hath glori

"Thou saidst, fcd herself, and lived deli