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NOTES

CHAPTER I

1 Sanhedrin 38," Aboth R. Nathan I, 8 (ed. Schechter, p. 3a et seq.). There it is related that Adam's sin and conviction occurred on the very day of his birth.

Cf. Kiddushin 40, where this passage is interpreted to refer to the fate of the righteous man, in this and in the future world.

3

Comp. Klausner in the Hebrew monthly Hashiloah, vol. XII, p. 8.

4

* Hos. 3:5, Jer. 30:9, Ezek. 37:24, 25; cf. Sanhedrin 98b.

"Cf. Stade, Die Messianische Hoffnung im Psalter, in his Akademische Reden und Abhandlungen, p. 53 et seq. (Giessen, 1899).

*Cf. Hühn, Die Messianische Weissagungen, vol. I, § 3 (Freiburg, 1899), who regards this period as the one in which the Jewish Messianic hope originated.

"See "The Jewish Encyclopedia," vol. I, S. V. Amos.

Cf. Charles, "Eschatalogy, Hebrew, Jewish, and Christian," p. 87, n. 1 (London, 1899). These passages are supposed by many critics to be Exilic additions; cf. Nowack, Die Zukunftshoffnung Israels in der assyrischen Zeit, in Theologische Abhandlungen, Holtzmann's Festgabe, pp. 38-41 (Leipzig,

'Cf. Charles, loc. cit., p. 88, n. 2. Most of these passages also are assigned by many scholars to later periods; cf. Nowack, loc. cit., pp. 41-47.

1740-701 B. C. E.

"Driver, "Isaiah, His Life and Times,” p. 112.

12 Cf., however, W. R. Smith, "The Prophets of Israel," pp. 300-12 (London, 1902); also Cheyne, "Introduction to Isaiah," pp. 62-66 (London, 1895), where these passages are held to be post-Exilic.

13 Cf. Charles, loc. cit., p. 91, n. 3; Cheyne, loc. cit., pp. 9-16; see, however, W. R. Smith, loc. cit., p. 309, and n. 12.

14

Cf. Nowack, loc. cit., p. 47 et seq.

15 Cf. Goodspeed, “Israel's Messianic Hope," ch. VI (New York, 1900).

16

10 Cf. Is. 52:7; see Charles, loc. cit., p. 96; cf., however, Hastings, "Dictionary of the Bible," s. v. Nahum, where only the first chapter is rejected. 17 Cf. Charles, loc. cit., p. 97.

18 Cf. Ezek. 36:22 et seq., where the idea is expressed that the redemption of Israel and its restoration to Palestine will be, not because of Israel's good deeds, but in order that God's name should be sanctified among the nations.

19 Cf. Joel 4:15, 16 (A. V. 3:15, 16); cf. Driver, "Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testa- ment," ch. vi, § 2 (New York, 1893); Hastings, "Dictionary of the Bible,' s. v. Joel. Isaiah also hints at supernatural events that will attend upon the Messianic period. See Is. 29:18; 30:26; 35:5.

20❝Isaiah, His Life and Times," pp. 175-80; Hühn, loc. cit., § 19; cf., however, a study on this subject by Rothstein in his Genealogie des Königs Jojachin

66

und seiner Nachkommen, entitled Ein übersehenes Zeugniss für die messianische Auffassung des Knechtes Jahwehs,” pp. 121-62 (Berlin, 1902); cf. also, Budde, Die sogenannten Ebed-JahweLieder (Giessen, 1900).

21 Cf. Zech. 3:8; 6: 12; also Jer. 23:5; 33: 15; see an excellent monograph on this subject by Dr. Ernest Sellin, entitled Serubbabel (Leipzig, 1898).

22 Cf. Hag. 2:6, 7, 21, 22.

23"Jerusalem will be called the city of truth, and the mount of the Lord of hosts, the holy mount.' 24 Cf. Hühn, loc. cit., § 23, and notes.

25 Ps. 22:28-32; 65:3, 6; 86:9; ch. 87; cf. Hühn, loc. cit., § 31; Stade, loc. cit.

CHAPTER II

1 See Kuenen, “Religion of Israel," vol. III, ch. 9. 2 Ten institutions, including provisions for the periodic reading of the Torah and other civil and ritual matters, are ascribed by the Rabbis (Baba Kama 82a) to Ezra; cf. M. Bloch, Sha'are Torath ha-Takkanoth, div. 1, pt. 1, pp. 107-38 (Vienna, 1879).

3 Mal. 3:23, 24, and Rashi, Ibn Ezra, and Kimchi ad loc.; cf. M. Friedmann's Hebrew Introduction to his edition of Seder Eliyahu, pp. 19-20. These verses in Malachi are regarded by some critics as apocalyptic; cf. Ben Sira, 48: 10; see Hühn, loc. cit., p. 81; C. R. Brown, in "Biblical World," vol. XIV, pp. 417-20; cf. Schürer, "History of the Jews," etc., English ed., div. II, vol. 11, p. 156.

II.

3

Cf. Gray, in "Biblical World," vol. xiv, pp. 410

Cf. Charles, loc. cit., pp. 78-80, 126-37, where the

idea suggested here is hinted at. So far as I know, however, the connection between the development of the belief in the resurrection and the emphasis laid upon law, has not been noticed by modern scholars. Cf. Castelli, "Jewish Quarterly Review," vol. 1, pp. 314-52, especially p. 327, where after the present book was in type I found a similar idea expressed. E. g. Ps. 88: 11-13, Job 14: 12, Eccl. 7: 14.

7

Cf. Hühn, loc. cit., p. 74, § 29.

Cf. Ezek., ch. 37, Hos. 6:2.

'Cf. Hühn, loc. cit., p. 26, § 30; Drummond, "The Jewish Messiah," bk. II, ch. XXIII, pp. 360-61.

10 See Driver's commentary on these passages in the Cambridge Series (1901), and Introduction to same, pp. XC-XCIII. The belief in resurrection is mentioned also in II Macc. 14: 46; 7:9 et seq.; 12:43, 44; cf. ib. 7:4, where resurrection is denied to gentiles; cf. Bertholet, Die israelitischen Vorstellungen vom Zustand nach dem Tode, pp. 27-31 (Freiburg, 1899).

11

"A resumé of this literature is given in Schürer's "History of the Jews," etc., div. II, vol. II; in Driver's Introduction to the Book of Daniel, in the Cambridge Series, p. LXXVI et seq. A pamphlet written in popular style was recently published, entitled Die jüdische Apokalyptik, etc., by D. W. Bousset (Berlin, 1903), in which the characteristic features of the apocalyptic literature are admirably summarized.

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16 In the Psalm of Ben Sira (Heb., ed. Levi, Ley

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