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1823.

REVIEW.-Dr. Booker's Euthanasia.

The Encylopedia of Music" annexed, is intended to form a separate volume; which, in addition to the variety of valuable matter, will render this publication one of the cheapest of the present day. We sincerely hope it will receive the patronage it merits.

A striking likeness of Giovaccino Rossini, from a bust executed at Florence, embellishes the Number.

14. Euthanasia ; or, The State of Man after Death. By the Rev. Luke Booker, LL.D. Vicar of Dudley. 12mo, pp. 169. Simpkin and Marshall.

THE Reverend Author will, we are persuaded, feel happy to be apprized of the gratification which we have derived from the perusal of his truly edifying work.

After giving a discursive view of Creation, with its different inhabitants of earth, air, and water, distinguishing man as their delegated Lord, the author contemplates him reduced to that state of corporeal decay, "" when his feet begin to stumble on the dark mountains, without either staff or guide to prevent his fall." This is appropriately followed by what the author calls St. Paul's "burst of exclamation, at the opening of a passage, that is not more grand, than beautiful and just" Behold! I show you a mystery," &c. His argument in favour of an uninterrupted immortality of the soul is then brought to bear equally against the Materialist, as against the Atheist, whom he justly terms isolated kind of mortal, a cheerless Saducean, who, having forsaken God, brings himself, at last, to deny his existence." "Refuted," says the author, " by Sages of every age and every clime, such a being, when discovered among any people, must be regarded as a solitary instance of unbelief, as a creature of a peculiar kind, either absolutely insane, or compounded of folly and impiety, uttering his blasphemous dogmas in the midst of myriads of intelligent witnesses, all, with one voice, refuting his bold assertions; surrounded by countless works too, in the visible creation, all proclaiming the hand that made them to be divine.

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fancied its feeble ray of light more resplendent than all the stars of heaven?"

Against the Materialist, we think the Author's reasoning conclusive.

A scriptural detail of the Day of final Judgment follows; and also an interesting view of the Millenary State, which it is supposed will precede it.

Concerning the different destinies of the Righteous and the Wicked, the opinions are given of Bishops Hall, Bull, Pearson, Smallridge; Doctors Isaac Barrow, Whitby, and Paley; and, against "the Materialist's notion of a dead Soul in a dead Body," are adduced the high authorities of Homer, Seneca, Cicero, Socrates, and Plato;— in later times, also, of Feltham, the excellent Jonas Hanway, and the amiable Father O'Leary. On closing the evidence of this cloud of witnesses, ," the Author adds,

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terialist or the Antinomian be the greater "It is difficult to say whether the Malife. If the one continue in sin," from an foe to rectitude of conduct and purity of impious presumption that grace will more abound in the pardon of it; the other opens the flood-gates of iniquity and crime, by reducing the apprehended danger of Divine punishment.

"But not only has the baneful error which we oppose, this fatal tendency; it degrades the diguity of human nature, far below the state of degradation in which it is involved by Adam's fall, and occasions unnecessary pain to the breast of the mourner, already, perhaps, too much resigned to

sorrow on the loss of friends.

"To witness the melancholy wreck and frame of man; to see the exquisite work of change which death produces in the noble the Most High, so visible in female beauty, turned to a pallid mass of corruption; to view the cheek, once rivalling the rose; the bosom, once white and pure as the mountain snow,' converted into food for worms. This is humbling and painful enough to surviving mortals, without inflicting a needless additional pang, by endeavouring to persuade them that the Jewel which was once enshrined in the once lovely casket, that the invisible, the spiritual inmate of what was so noble and so fair, has undergone a change no less revolting. In vain will abettors of this cheerless persuasion tell the afflicted mourner that death is but a sleep, in which both soul and body are merely in a quiescent state till the day of resurrection; and that, though that sleep be prolonged throughout the revolutions of a million of years, yet when broken by the archangel's trump, it will seem to have been but for a

moment.

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LITERATURE, SCIENCE, &c.

CAMBRIDGE, Jan. 2. The prize for the Hulsean Essay for 1822, has been adjudged to Mr. C. Austin, of Jesus college. Subject, The Argument for the genuineness of the Sacred Volume as generally received by Christians. The subject of the Hulsean Essay for the present year is, The nature and advantage of the influence of the Holy Spirit.

Jan. 10. The subjects for Sir William Browne's medals for the present year, are GREEK ODE: In Obitum Viri admodum Reverendi Doctissimique Thos. Fanshawe Middleton, Episcopi Calcuttensis.-LATIN ODE: Africani Catenis Devincti.-GREEK EPIGRAM: Εαν ης φιλομαθης ἔση πολυμαθης. LATIN EPIGRAM : Ος φεύγει παλιν μαγήσεται. Jan. 17. In conformity with the regulalations passed by the Senate, March 18, 1822, the Vice Chancellor, the Regius Professors of Divinity, Law, and Physic, and the Public Orator, have given notice, that the following will be the subjects of Examination in the last week of the Lent Term, 1824. 1. The Gospel according to St. Luke. 2. Paley's Evidences of Christianity. 3. The Two first Books of Xenophon's Anabasis. 4. Cicero's Oration for Milo. The Subject of the Seatonian prize for the present year is Cornelius.

List of Wranglers.-Doctors Airy, Trin.; Jeffreys, Joh.; Mason, Joh.; Drinkwater, Trin.; Myers, Trin.; Foley, Emm.; Fisher, Pet.; Hamilton, Joh.; Buckle, Trin.; Field, Trin.; Hodgson, Pet.; Stephenson, Joh.; Punnett, Clare; Sutcliffe, Trin.; Clowes, Qu.; Winning, Trin.; Rusby, Cath.; Sandy, Qu.; Currie, Pemb.; Brett, C. C. C.; Cooper, Joh.; Kempson, Trin.; Waring, Magd.; Beauclerk, Caius; Marshall, Qu.; Wharton, Joh.

Mr. Bankes, M. P. for the University,

* Priestley, &c.

has subscribed one hundred guineas to the fund for the erection of the Observatory.

Mr. Bankes, has also presented to the University Library, several valuable books, recently printed at Milan and Venice, among which are the classical works edited by Angelo Maio, the learned librarian of the Vatican; the Chronicle of Eusebius by Aucher; Ciakciak's Italian, Armenian, and Turkish Dictionary; and Aucher's Armenian and English Grammar. Of some of these works only 20 copies have been printed.

Ready for Publication.

A Vindication of the Authenticity of the Narratives contained in the first two Chapters of the Gospels of St. Matthew and St. Luke; being an Investigation of Objections urged by the Unitarian Editors of the improved Version of the New Testament; with an Appendix. By a Layman.

Sermons. By the Rev. JOHN HAYDEN, Curate of Londonderry Cathedral.

Journal of a Tour from Astrachan to Karass, containing remarks on the general appearance of the Country, Manners of the Inhabitants, &c. By the Rev. WILLIAM GLEN, Missionary, Astrachan.

Mr. SCOTT's History of England during the reign of George III. designed as a continuation to Hume and Smollett.

BOUTENOCK'S History of Spanish and Portuguese Literature, translated from the German. By THOMASINA ROSS.

Narrative of a Tour through the Morea, giving an Account of the present State of that Peninsula and its Inhabitants. By Sir WILLIAM Gell.

The History of Roman Literature, from the earliest periods to the Augustan Age. By Mr. JOHN DUNLOP, Author of the "History of Fiction," The

1823.]

Literature and Science.

The Translation of the very interesting private Memoirs of Marie Antoinette. By MADAME CAMPAN.

Novus Thesaurus Philologico-criticus : sive Lexicon in LXX et Reliquos Interpretes Græcos, ac Scriptores Apocryphos Veteris Testamenti, post Bielium et alios Viros doctos: congessit et edidit J. FRIED. Schleusner.

Memoirs of the Founders and Principal Benefactors of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, with Portraits of the most eminent. By ALEX. CHALMERS, Esq. F.S.A. The Library Companion; or the Young Man's Guide and the Old Man's Comfort in forming a Library. By the Rev. T. F. DIBDIN, F. R. S. S. A.

Original Letters, chiefly illustrative of English History; including numerous Royal Letters; published from Autographs in the British Museum, and other Collections. By HENRY ELLIS, Esq. F. R. S. Sec. S. A. Memoirs of the Court of King Charles II. Early English Poetry, and Historical and Romantic Ballads. By J. HASLEWOOD, Esq. F. S. A.

Monumental Remains of Eminent Persons, engraved from drawings by Mr. BLORE and other Artists. With Biographical and Historical Illustrations.

Journal of the Siege of Lathom House, during its defence by the Countess of DERBY, against Fairfax.

Universal Stenography, or a Practical System of Short Hand. By W. HARDING. A new Poem, entitled, A Sabbath among the Mountains.

The Hermit of Dumpton Cave.

A concise History of the Aucient Institutions, Inventions, and Discoveries in Science and Mechanic Art. From the German of Professor Beckmann.

Part II. of John Bohn's Catalogue of Books, accompanied by bibliographical and literary notices.

Preparing for Publication. Σωματοψυχονοολογία, or Proof of the distinct existence of Body, Life, and Mind, shewn not to be derived from Physiology. Contained in an examination of the Controversy between Messieurs Lawrence, Abernethy, and Rennell; together with an Examination of the Origin and Genealogy of our ideas concerning the Soul, and other subjects connected therewith. By VIOLA.

The Progresses of Queen Elizabeth are nearly finished, and may be expected early in March. Those of King James are also begun at the press.

A Series of Letters on the Manners, Amusements, and Literature of England, from the original Manuscripts of Count Victoire De Soligny.

Mr. BARRY CORNWALL'S new volume of Poems. It will be composed, we understand, of five or six subjects; the first is the Flood of Thessaly, an adoption of the

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Pagan (instead of the Mosaic) account of the great Deluge.

Mr. SHARON TURNER, F. S. A. is about to publish the third Volume of his History of England, embracing the Middle Ages.

A Prospectus and Specimen of a prepared Work on the present State of Baronies by Writ, compiled from the MS. collections of the late Francis Townsend, Esq. Windsor Herald, and other sources. By FRANCIS TOWNSEND, Rouge Dragon Pursuivant.

A History of the Commonwealth of England. By Mr. GODWIN, the Author of the Life of Chaucer.

Observations made during a Residence in the Tarentane and various Parts of the Grecian and Pennine Alps, in Savoy, and in Switzerland and Auvergne, in the Years 1820, 1821, and 1822, with Comparative Views of the Geology of the Countries with that of Great Britain. By Mr. BAKEWELL, Author of an Introduction to Geology.

An English Translation of the Gulistan, from the Persian text of Gentius, with an Essay on the Life and Genius of the Author Sadi, dedicated, with special permission, to the Chairman, Deputy Chairman, and Directors of the Hon. East India Company, and chiefly intended for their College. By JAMES Ross, Esq. late of the Bengal Esta blishment, and well known as an oriental scholar by his Persian Anthology, and other translations, under the name of Gulchin.

Collections and Recollections: or, Historical, Biographical, and Miscellaneous Anecdotes, Notices, and Sketches, from various sources; with Occasional Remarks. By JOHN STEWART, Esq.

An English Version of Sismondi's History of the Literature of the South of Europe, with Notes. By Mr. Roscoe.

The Elements of Anglo-Saxon Grammar, with copious Notes, illustrating the structure of the Saxon, and the formation of the English Language. By the Rev. J. BosWORTH, M. A. and Vicar of Harwood Parva,

The Hermit Abroad. By the Author of the Hermit in London and Hermit in the Country. Two large Perspective Views of Fonthill Abbey. By Mr. BUCKLER.

The entire Works of Demosthenes aud Æschines; with the Greek Text selected from the different editions which have been published of the whole of their Works.

Mr. JOHN FOSBROKE, now Surgeon of Tewksbury, Gloucestershire, and Author of several Essays on Pathological subjects, has it in intention to publish some Original Observations on the Connection between certain Affections of the Kidneys and those of the Brain.

An Elegy to the Memory of the late Rev. Henry Martyn, with smaller Pieces.

The Disappointment; or Religion the only source of True Happiness.

Poems, Dramatic and Miscellaneous. By HENRY NEELE.

Mr.

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Mr. SCORESBY, who is already favourably known to the public, by his Description of the Arctic Regions, and by various scientific papers in the Transactions of learned Societies, has now in the press an Account of his Voyage to Greenland, in the summer of 1822. In the course of this voyage, he explored the Eastern Coast of West Greenland, to the extent of between 700 and 800 geographical miles, the greater part of which may be considered as original discovery. He has constructed a chart, founded on about 500 angles or bearings, taken at 50 different stations, most of which were determined by astronomical observatious. This, we understand, is to accompany the work; and it will constitute the first and only accurate map of that remote and all but inaccessible region. The fate of the lost Colony, said to have been established in West Greenland in the beginning of the 15th century, has long excited great interest. There is reason to think, that the descendants of the colonists may still exist; for traces of recent inhabitation were found in different places.

ANNIVERSARY OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. At the late anniversary of the Royal Society, Sir Humphry Davy gave a new interest to the business of the day, by the eloquent eulogies he delivered on some of the members deceased in the course of the preceding year. Amongst these were, Sir H. C. Englefield, Sir W. Herschell, Dr. Marcet, the Rev. Mr. Vince, &c.

Of Sir H. C. Englefield* he spoke as an accomplished gentleman, gifted with a great variety of information, and considerable talents for philosophical inquiry. He was a respectable astronomer, a learned antiquary, a clear writer, and eminently distinguished for his conversational powers. He was worth all the rest-a truly honest man, and an ornament to that class of society in which he lived. The progress of modern astronomy is so connected with the labours of Sir W. Herschell †, that his name, Sir Humphry justly observed, will live as long as that science shall exist. His discovery of a new planetary system, and of several satellites before unknown, prove his happy and indefatigable spirit of observation-his views of the stellar systems of the heavens, his bold imagination and power of inductive reasoning and his discovery of the invisible rays in the solar spectrum, his talents for philosophical experiment. He was a man, said the President, who, though raised by the powers of his own intellect to the highest degree of scientific eminence, was spoiled neither by glory nor by fortune; but retained, under all circumstances, the native simplicity of his mind. His private character was amiable, and his life happy. He

*See vol. XCII. pt. i. pp. 292, 418. + See vol. xcII. pt. ii. p. 274.

[Jan.

died full of years and honours; and, when unable any longer to labor himself, he saw a kindred disposition and kindred talents displayed by his son.- -The premature death of Dr. Alexander Marcet was deplored with equal eloquence and feeling. Sir Humphry Davy characterised him as an ingenious and accurate chemist, a learned physician, a liberal and most amiable man ; and whilst he vindicated, the claims of the departed to scientific eminence, the faltering voice, and scarcely repressed tear, paid the honest tribute of regret to the warm recollections of long and sincere friendship. Of the deceased foreign members, Haüy was spoken of as a man whose name will always be remembered in the history of mineralogy, in consequence of his having established what may be considered as a mathematical character, in the discrimination of mineral species. Delambre was eulogised as an excellent astronomer, and a candid and liberal historian of his own science. Berthollet, Sir Humphry designated as the patriarch of modern chemistry. He dwelt on his discoveries and labours at some length; and paid a just tribute to the candor and liberality of his mind, to his warm and zealous patronage of rising genius, and

to his social virtues.

The President then announced that the, Council had awarded the Copley Medal to the Rev. Wm. Buckland, Professor of Mineralogy and Geology in the University of Oxford, for his paper on the Fossil Bones and Teeth discovered in a cave near Kirkdale in Yorkshire, and printed in the Society's Transactions. The President, on this occasion, delivered a concise view of the general history and importance of geology, as well as of the interest and value of Mr. Buckland's recent labours in particular.

BRISTOL PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTION.

This Establishment was opened on the 6th of January, to Proprietors and their friends. It had been previously announced, that an inaugural Lecture would be delivered by Dr. C. Daubeny, F. R. S. Professor of Chemistry at Oxford. The Lecture-room was completely filled, there being upwards of 350 persons of the first respectability present, half of whom were ladies. By way of beginning in the formation of a Museum, a beautiful specimen of organic remains, cut from the face of a rock at Lyme, Dorset, has been presented to this Institution. It is the skeleton of a wonderful fish, between the porpoise and the dolphin, having paddles or fins (it is not determined which), instead of feet. It is about five feet long, and is, perhaps, the best and most perfect specimen of the kind in the kingdom. We believe it is that description of fossil which some Geologists call Proteothayrus-others Ichthyosaurus. It was embedded in blue lyas.

See vol. xc. pt. i. pp. 161, 352, 491.
ANTH

1823.]

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ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES.

HOUSES OF THE ANCIENT BRITONS.

(Extracted from the Second Number of Fosbroke's Encyclopedia of Antiquities,

and Elements of Archeology.)

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Strabo says,

"Diodorus Siculus speaks of the houses of the Britons as built of wood, the walls made of stakes and wattling, like hurdles, and thatched with either reeds or straw. [Wattled chimuies still occur in Wales.] Afterwards the dwellings were improved. Some set up strong stakes in the banks of earth, as well as large stones, rudely laid on each other without mortar. that the fashion was round, with a high pointed covering at top; and Cæsar, that they resembled the Gaulish houses, and were only lighted by the door. That this was perfectly correct appears from the representations of them on the Antonine column, where they are either cylinders, with an arched lofty entrance, single or double, or exact fac-similes of great tea-canisters in grocers' shops; the orifice, where the lid shuts, being, according to Henry, for emission of smoke. Strutt says, that they were built at some distance from each other, not in streets, generally on the banks of a river for water, or in woods, &c. where forage might be found for the cattle. The prince chose the most convenient, and his followers erected theirs around, as well as stalls for the cattle; a ditch and mound of earth, or rampart, surrounded the whole. Sammes, speaking of the first church of Glastonbury, says: The walls of the Church, according to Malmesbury, made of twigs, winded and twisted together, after the ancient custome, that Kings' palaces were used to be built. So the King of Wales, by name HEOLUS WHA, in the year of our Lord 940, built a house of white twigs, to retire into when he came a hunting into South Wales; therefore it was called Ty

GUYN, that is, the White House. For, to the end that it might be distinguished from vulgar buildings, he caused the twigs (according to his princely quality) to be barkt; nay, castles themselves, in those daies, were framed of the same materials, and weaved together; for thus writes Giraldus Cambrensis, of Pembroke Castle: Arnulphus de Montgomery (saith he), in the daies of King HENRY the first, built that small castle of twigs and slight turf. Such reed houses as these we all along see in Ireland, and in many places in England.' Rowlands says, that the British houses were generally in clusters of three or four, sometimes many, within a square court. At Grimspound, Devonshire, within a circular inclosure, situated in a marsh, are numerous round foundations of stone houses, about 12 feet diameter. Near Chun Castle in Cornwall, within the parish of Morva, in the uninclosed and uncultivated downs, are several dilapidated walls of circular buildings, which appear to have been the residence of a tribe or class of people, who, protected by the adjacent fortification, formed a settlement here. The foundations are detached from each other, and consist of large stones, piled together, without mortar. Each hut measures from 10 to 20 feet in diameter, and has a door-way with an upright stone or jamb on each side. There is no appearance of chimneys or windows. Several banks for small and large inclosures are remaining near the houses, and from these a sort of covered way, or guarded road, communicates with the fortress, which occupies the summit of a hill. The caves of the Druids were very rude, their houses without lime

or

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