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534

PEVIEW.-Nichols's Queen Elizabeth's Progresses.

as Pantlers, Butlers, Ewrers, Sellerers, Wardrobe.

"Yeomen of the Horse.

"Master of the Bardge, 41. wages. "Porters, Granator, Sub-Almoner, Slaw terman, Gardner, 41. wages.

"Gromes of the Presence of the PrivieChamber, Hall, Parler, Chappell, Landry, of the Stable, six; two Laborers; Ewerie Yeoman; Officers last mentioned and Groomes 40s. the pece wages; amounting to yerly at 200l. wages, which was paid every quarter eve in the counting-house by the Steward, who was ever Justice of the Peace and of the Quorum in Kent and Surrey; having the rule and government of all the Household save the other two Chief Officers and Chaplains; being to entertain noble personages and men of great place til thei wer brought to the Archbishop; to take account of the bills of every Underofficer, and to allow or disallow of them.

"All thes had allowance for their diett in the hall at Lambith; as first was the Steward's table on the one side, for himself, his two fellow Officers, Gentlemen of the Horse, Secretaries, Gentleman-Usher, that waited not at the Archbishop's table, with other Gentlemen-Waiters: and if al cold not sit thear thei were placed at the Gentle men's table. Next to that table, over against the Steward's table on the other side of the hall, had the Almoner his table, with the Chapleins and the Stewdents; and either of thes tables had like allowance of diet, manchet, and wine. The Gentlemen's long table, at first sitting, was for some Gentlemen of household and manors, and for the Archbishop's Waiters when he had dined. On the other side against them sat the Yeomen-Waiters and Yeomen-Officers, that attended not, and meaner sort of strangers. At the table next the hall dore sat the Cooks and attendant Yeomen Officers. Over against them sat the Gromes before mentioned of the stable and other extern places. Then, at the nether end of the hall, by the pantry, was a table, whereat

[June,

was dailie entertained eight or ten of the poor of the town by turns. The Sub-Almoner had a chest for broken mete and brede, and a tub with broken beer, for reliefe of other poore, as they wer put in bills parted among them*.

"Touching the Parsons, besides his ordinary servantes that he had in private lodg ings, his wife, who kept a table, whither oft came Gentlewomen and other friends; where was also daily, imprimis, his eldest son and his wife (who had, as also the yonger son and his wife, a woman and man servant); his brother Baker's wife, her daughter and maide; his neece Clerke, her son, and a maide servant: the Comptroller's wife, who had a maide of her own; maide servants IIII; in toto 16.

"Of those that were his household servants, of good birth and parentage, weare Egremont Ratcliff, half brother to the Earl of Sussex, Lord Chamberlain; Charles Gray, brother to the Earl of Kent; Edward Cobham, brother to the Lord Warden Cobham, Privie Counsellor; Richard Bingham, after a Knight and worthie soldier in Ireland; Geffrey Benton, Secretarie of Estate and Privie Counseiler thear; John Stafford, sou to the Lady Stafford of the Queen's Bedchamber; Warham St. Leger; Henry Harrington, brother to the Lord Harrington; Henry Mainard; who all cam after to the honour of Knighthood; and many more that wear Knights' sons, and of good birth, owt of fower contaies, as of the Scotts in Kent, Morlies, Parkers, Jermyes, Doyles, Nevils.

"He had also, as part of his household, several persons of eminence that were committed to him in free custody; namely, Cuthbert Tonstall, Bishop of Durham, whom he entertained most kindly. But that learned and excellent man lived but about four months in this Palace, and dying November 18, 1559, aged 83, was buried in Lambeth Church. Thomas Thirlby, the deprived Bishop of Norwich, was also his guest upwards of ten years, and was buried near Bishop Tonstal: not to mention Dr.

* " Strype gives this further account of Archbishop Parker's hospitality: In the daily eating this was the custom. The Stewards, with the servants that were Gentlemen of the better rank, sat down at the tables in the Hall on the right hand; and the Almoner, with the Clergy and the other servants, sat on the other side; where there was plenty of all sorts of provision both for eating and drinking. The daily fragments thereof did suffice to fill the bellies of a great number of poor hungry people that waited at the gate; and so constant and unfailing was this provision at my Lord's table, that whosoever came in either at dinner or supper, being not above the degree of a Knight, might here be entertained worthy of his quality, either at the Steward's or at the Almoner's table. And moreover, it was the Archbishop's command to his servants that all strangers should be received and treated with all manner of civility and respect, and that places at the table should be assigned them according to their dignity and quality: which redounded much to the praise and commendation of the Archbishop. The discourse and conversation at meals was void of all brawling and loud talking, and for the most part consisted in framing men's manners to Religion, or in some other honest and beseeming subject. There was a Monitor of the Hall; and if it happened that any spoke too loud, or concerning things less decent, it was presently husht by one that cried Silence. The Archbishop loved hospitality, and no man shewed it so much, and with better order, though he himself was very abstemious"."

1883

REVIEW.-Dr. Robinson's History of Enfield..

Boxal, late Secretary to Queen Mary. All these had lodgings to themselves; several with chambers for three men, and diet for them all in those lodgings; save only when they were called to the Archbishop's own table (when he dined, as the speech went abroad, out of his own private lodging three days weeklie; and then persons of the degree of Knights and upwards came to him); fewel for their fier, and candle for their chambers; without any allowance for all this, either from the Queen or from themselves; saving at their deths he had from them some part of their libraries that thei had thar. Often had he others committed or commended unto him from the Queen or Privie Council to be entertained by him at his charge, as well of other nations as home subjects; namely, the L...... as a pri

soner, and after the L. H. Howard, brother to the Duke of Norfolk. Those ever sat

535

be of Roman character; and perhaps part of a chain of forts, of which Camlet-moat may have been one; for it was customary with the nation in question, to throw up, under circumstances, not one, but two or three more camps adjacent, of which practice numerous instances appear in Cæsar.

The distinction between a publick and a private road is so little known, that we could mention a case within our knowledge, where a justifiable cause of action met with a nonsuit, through a defect of this necessary acquaintance with the law. We there-In Hilary Term 1819, the parish of fore subjoin the following statement: Enfield was indicted for not repairing Welch's-lane. It was proved, that it had been paid for the liberty of passled only to a farm-house, and that toll

(but when thei wear with the Archbishop himself) at the Steward's table, who had provision of diett aynserable to their calling. Lord Chief Justice Abbott ruled, inge, and thei had also fewell to their chambers." P. 204.

The philosophical reader will peruse these interesting volumes, in two views, -traits of character and traits of cu riosity, being perfectly satisfied, that the information is far too copious to be exhausted. We do not mean any adulatory compliment to our venerable and learned Coadjutor (for he cannot need it), because no man of common sense, liberal education, or civilized ideas, will ever deny, that the publication of the "Progresses of Queen Elizabeth," in their original details, can, in themselves, be other than great lite rary curiosities of high Archeological and Historical value, even if the Edi

tor had not added his valuable notes.

We have no hesitation in saying, that works of higher curiosity do not exist, and in confirmation of our opinions, we need only quote the proemium to the charter of the Society of Antiquaries :

The study of Antiquity and the History of former times has ever been esteemed highly commendable and useful, not only to improve the minds of men, but also to excite them to virtuous and noble actions, and such as may hereafter render them famous and worthy examples to late posterity." Several of the prints are uncommonly curious.

111. Robinson's History of Enfield. (Continued from p. 428.) WE concluded our last, with noticing Old-Bury, which we think to

that it was necessary to the definition of a publick highway, that it should lead from one town or vill to another, and be free for the passage of all his Majesty's subjects. P. 80.

pre

In p. 94, mention is made of a family of the name of Bohun, pronounced Boon, in a state of poverty, but sumed to be descendants of the famous De Bohun. We knew a gentleman of that name, we believe of Magdalen College, Oxford, who claimed descent from that very high family.

Opposite p. 95, we have a portrait of the Princess (afterwards Queen Elizabeth), which may sufficiently vindicate her from the character of ugliness, which Lord Oxford ascribes to her, when in years. It is noticeable, that the gown, quilted or worked, which she wears in the portrait, is similar in general pattern, to one with which she is attired in a fine whole-length portrait, as large as life, at Berkeley Castle.

Enfield was one of the few places, Domesday survey was compiled. We which had a parish priest, when the mention this, in order to introduce a paragraph from Selden. He says, in speaking of Domesday book,

"In certain counties, as Somerset, Devon, Cornwall, and some few others, you shal rarely have a Parish Church noted; but, in others, very often Churches are.' (Hist. of Tythes, Ch. x. p. 281. Ed. 4to, 1618.)

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We invite our Readers to run over Domesday book, and favour us with a list of Churches before the Conquest.

We proceed now to record the existence of two very curious literary

treasures,

536

REVIEW.-Dr. Robinson's History of Enfield.

treasures, which from the facility of lithographick copying, might, we think, be given to the publick in fac-simile. We know the Vice-chancellor, the Master of Pembroke, to be publickminded, amiable, and liberal; and we also know, that Dr. Bliss is a man very capable of such an undertaking. We venture, therefore, to throw out a broad hint.

"In the Bodleian Library, Oxford, there is a manuscript copy of a Sermon, translated into Latin by the Princess [Elizabeth] from the Italian by Occhini. Caligraphy was a requisite accomplishment in these times, and it is accordingly written on vellum with uncommon elegance, with her own hand, and dedicated to her brother King Edward VI. (MS. Bodl. Arch. D. 115) to whom she sent it as a New Year's gift. The dedication is dated Enfield, Dec. 30, but the year is not mentioned. [It must have been between the years 1546, and 1552]. There is, in the same library (Arch. B. 82) a volume containing sentences and phrases, collected by the Queen in the twelfth and thirteenth years of her reign." P. 106.

What a fool may have read in his early years, is no more indicative of any thing with regard to character, than would be his having read Virgil at school. But the intellectual greatness and wise conduct of Elizabeth are a study, and the germs of such a mind are, to the Philosophical Curioso, matters of deep interest.

"In April 1557, the Princess was escorted from Hatfield Hall to Enfield Chase, by a retinue of twelve ladies, in white satin, on ambling palfries, and twenty yeomen in green on horseback, that her grace might hunt the hart. On entering the chase, she was met by fifty archers in scarlet boots and yellow caps, armed with gilded bows, each of whom presented her with a silver headed arrow, winged with peacocks' feathers, and by the way of closing the sport, the Princess was gratified with the privilege of cutting the throat of a buck*." P. 107.

Her Majesty, in the pedantry of the age, had, no doubt, an assimilation in view of Diana and her Nymphs, and an allusion by the white costume of the ladies, to the virgin purity of herself and her maids of honour, to whom however Howell, in his Letters, gives no such reputable character. The green was the uniform of foresters, whence our sign of the Green Man. Virgil, in his seventh eclogue, men

*We believe it to have been a common

compliment of chivalry. It appears to have been Elizabeth's practice to kill the stag with her own hand; see the note in

P.

533.

[June,

tions the "cornua cervi," as a present to a female. On coins in Vaillant, we have a Diana, accompanied by a man, holding in one hand a stag's head, in the other a stag by the jaws; and in the 18th vol. of the "Memoirs of the Academie des Inscriptions," are some hunting bas-reliefs, published by L'Evesque, as of the 13th century, in one of which a hunter on horseback holds up a stag's head to a Queen, standing over the gateway of a castle.

It is a singular recommendation of this work, that it contains wood-cuts of all the curious old buildings in the Parish, which in a very few years will of course be no more. In p. 153, is a view of the Manor-house of Durants; and in p. 156, of a Summerhouse, thus described:

"On the west side of the moat, there was a summer-house with a balcony and weather-cock, surmounted by a flying-horse on a pyramid of iron-work, with Neptune, Bacchus, &c. painted on the West front of the building." 157.

Many fine old cabinets still exist, but few persons have any idea of the enormous cost of them.

"In this house [the Manor House of Durants] was a curious old cabinet, said to have belonged to Judge Jeffreys, and which he brought from Italy. It cost 700 moidores, as appeared by a receipt to that effect, found in one of the drawers by a Mr. Jones, who purchased it for thirty guineas. There were also some curious paintings on the doors and flaps, which were considered very valuable." P. 159.

Some archæological incidents of moment are connected with Enfield Chase. Monkey Mead is the site of the famous battle called of Barnet, where Warwick the Kingmaker was killed. The account given, p. 220, of his death is, that, after the mistake, which occasioned the turn of the day, he rushed, "though on foot, amongst the thickest of his enemies, where he quickly fell, covered with wounds.” Some ancient historians, however, state, that he attempted to escape down a riding of the Chase, pursued by horsemen, but there being no outlet, was overtaken and killed. The other circumstances refer to very early and latent history. It is known, that ColdHarbour, Wick, Stretton, Street, the termination Cester, Ambrey (applied to Earthworks), &c. are names of places, which indicate British or Roman settlements, We strongly suspect, because Camaiodunum, a Celtick name

latinized,

[graphic][subsumed][merged small][merged small][graphic]

HOUSE OF THE LATE RICHARD GOUGH, ESQ. ENFIELD.

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