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METEOROLOGICAL DIARY, BY W. CARY, STRAND.

From April 27, to May 26, 1823, both inclusive.

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8 o'clock

Day of
Month.

Morning.
Noon.

11 o'clo. Night.

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DAILY PRICE OF STOCKS,

From April 29, to May 28, 1823, both inclusive.

Ex. Bills, Ex. Bills, 1000l. 5001.

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24488 pm. 16 14 pm. 1614 pm. 2434 37 pm. 17 14 pm. 1714 pm. 246 36 pm.16 14 pm. 1517pm.

38 pm. 15 16 pm. 15 17 pmn. 249438 pm. 16 19 pm. 16 19 pm. 248439 pm. 17 19 pm. 17 19 pm. 250 39 pm. 18 20 pm. 18 20 pm.

24940 pm. 19 21 pm-19 22 pm. 249 39 pm.19 21 pm.19 21 pm. 39 pm. 20 17 pm.20 17 pm. 247440 pm. 17 20 pm. 17 20 pm. 40 pm. 17 19 pm. 17 19 pm. 248439 pm.18 16 pm. 18 16 pm. 34 pm. 14 10 pm.1611 pm. 36 pm. 13 15 pm. 15 16 pm.

250 38 pm. 14 16 pm. 14 16 pm. 250 39 pm.15 18 pm. 15 18 pm. 250 38 pm. 18 16 pm. 16:19 pm. 250 38 pm. 17 19 pm. 17 19 pm. 251440 pm. 18 20 pm. 18 20 pm. 250440 pm. 18 21 pm. 19 22 pm. 251 38 pm.l40 38 pm. 1922 pm. 88, 894, 89, 894.

RICHARDSON, GOODLUCK, and Co. 104, Corner of Bank-buildings, Cornhill.

JOHN NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STREET, WESTMINSTER.

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London Gazette
Times---New Times

M. Chronicle--Post
M. Herald--Ledger
Brit Press-M.Adver.
Courier-Globe--Star

Traveller- Sun--Brit.

Traveller--Statesm.
StJames's&Gen.Eve.
Eng. Chronicle
Com, Chronicle
Packet--Even. Mail
London Chronicle
Mercant. Chronicle
Lit.Gaz.-Lit.Chron.
Museum-Lit. Reg.
Courier de Londres
14 Weekly Papers
22 Sunday Papers
Bath 4--Berwick
Birmingham 2
Blackburn-Boston
Brighton 3--Bristol 5
Bucks-Bury 2
Cambrian

Cambridge-Carlisle2

Carmarth.-Chelmsf.

Cheltenham-Chest.3

Colchester-Cornwall

Coventry2- Cumberl
Derby-Devon

Devizes--Doncaster

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MINOR CORRESPONDENCE.

SAXON LITERATURE.-R. C. H. of Stourhead observes, "It is somewhat singular, and very much to be lamented, that the language of a people so intimately connected with us, should be so little known and cultivated, either at our Universities, or by individuals of our nation at large. Many of our antient grants, deeds, &c. are written in the Anglo-Saxon language, and amongst them are some most interesting to the Topographer, which, from want of a translation into Latin or English, are become in a manner useless. In my own county, three are still in existence, i. e. the Chartulary or Registrum of the Abbey of Wilton, and those of Malmsbury and Edington. There is also a most beautiful one of the Abbey of Shaftesbury, &c. &c.—Should any of your readers be able to assist me in procuring a person sufficiently versed in the AngloSaxon language as to translate it, I should feel myself highly gratified, being at present engaged in the History of the Abbey of Wilton, and having procured a copy of the original Chartulary in the British Museum."

HANDEL says, "I perfectly agree with your Correspondent, p. 397, on the very necessary improvement of our Psalmody, and most ardently wish the same was re-established in our Churches, both in town and country. I heard that part of the Service most admirably performed at Ripon in Yorkshire, and Peterborough Minster, Northamptonshire. The congregation was full to the extreme; at the former place, great part of the persons attending were obliged to stand the whole time for want of room. I reside in one of the parishes adjoining the Metropolis, and never was sacred music in the parish Church (St. George the Martyr, Queen Square) worse performed; from having lost one of the finest singers and performers upon the organ, we have degenerated into the worst of compositions, if I may be allowed so to term it. The voluntary performed before the commencement of the Church Service, would well suit, and often puts me in mind of, Hogarth's Sleepy Congregation."

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A CONSTANT READER solicits information respecting Gulielmus de Ocham, who, he believes, belonged to the order of the Cordeliers, and was an excellent scholastic divine: he acquired the appellation of the invincible Doctor, and died about the year 1347. He was the author of a work, entitled "Sententiarum Libri quatuor," published at Lyons, in folio, pp. 900.

A CORRESPONDENT (who makes this inquiry, with reference to an occurrence in the latter part of the sixteenth century) will be much obliged to any of our readers who will inform him in what part of the county of Oxford, or its vicinity, a place or

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P. 348. It may not be unworthy of notice, that the 3d Aldus has annexed a list of the productions of his press up to the date in a sheet annexed to some copies of his folio edit. of Cicero's works. It is believed that this sheet is rare. If a copy of it is desired, a hint may be given to the gentleman through whose hands in England this letter may be traced by the post-mark. A copy exists in his library.

P. 372. Lord Ashburton is said to have been a literary man, and a communicator to the Edinburgh Review.

P. 375. Sir Mark Sykes was third Baronet, and grandson of Rev. Sir Mark, first Bart. Lady Sykes's brother and her father bear and bore the name of Egerton, unless they have very lately resumed the name of Tatton. The estate and seat of Tatton came from the Egertons. The name of the seat of the family of Tatton is Withenshaw.— The Hon. Thomas Egerton, 3d son of John, 2d Earl of Bridgewater, was portioned by his father with the estate of Tatton, and died 1685, and was buried in the Bridgewater vault at Little Gaddesden, co. Herts. His grandson, Samuel Egerton, esq. M. P. for Cheshire, died 1780, s. p. He was nephew to Wm. Egerton, LL.D. Prebendary of Canterbury, and Rector of Penshurst, Kent, &c. who died 1738.

P. 383. Lord Caulfield was a young man of most frank, unaffected, fascinating manners, great liveliness, and very good abilities. He is a great loss. ERRATA.

P. 208. b. I. 3. dele is.-P. 284. a. l. 35, read Stransham.-P. 316. a. 1. 16, for the, read ten.-P. 478. b. l. 14, read Burnaby; 1. 42, for M. P. read M. D.-P. 509. a. 1. 24. The number of stones at Stonehenge is ninety-four, not ninety-two.

In our SUPPLEMENTARY NUMBER, published on the 1st of August,- will be given several interesting articles; particularly Descriptions, accompanied by Engravings, of the Gateway of Lullingstone Castle, Kent; Free School at Stamford; and an ancient Painting in Enfield Church. Also Remarks on the Curfew Bell; Mrs. Lenoir's Works; Scarabæus Vernalis; Compendium of County History; Cruelty to Animals; New Entrance to the House of Lords; Edmonton Fair; Col. Macdonald on the Character of Buonaparte; Cotton's Fishing House, &c. &c. Reviews of Vaux's Relative Taxation; Count Soligny's Letters on England; Dorset's Montezuma; Memoirs of Francis Barnett, &c. With Title, Indexes, &c. &c.

THE

GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE.

JUNE, 1823.

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.

IMPROVEMENT IN THE SAILING OF SHIPS SUGGEsted.

Mr. URBAN,

IT

Summerland Place, Exeter, June 7. T is a general duty, in a work of permanence and repute, such as yours, to state briefly whatever may have a tendency now or hereafter to advance the interests of either moral or physical science. No improvement in mechanical science can be deemed valid or conclusive by mere reasoning, however apparently convincing. Mathematical demonstration, of which reasoning is but the means, or actual experiment, which is the highest test of physical truth, can alone establish the validity of any projected improvement productive of public utility. Men composing our various establishments for carrying on the Government of the country, though possessing the usual share of information and knowledge, may not be precisely the description of people best qualified to decide on the merits or demerits of scientific suggestions; and their time is otherwise fully occupied by professional and daily details of the business of their departments. Under such circumstances, a communication of what may be supposed serviceable ideas, through the medium of Periodical Publications of extensive circulation, may be best calculated to lead ultimately to desirable purposes of real public benefit. Fully convinced, from much experience, of the justness of these suppositions, I have invariably in my works urged the necessity of having a naval and military BOARD OF TACTICS, consisting each of a few highly scientific characters, to whom moderate salaries would be granted, as a fair remuneration for their valuable labours, and to secure a decision uninfluenced by motives too frequently

actuating mankind, under even the best view that all past experience can enable us to take of human nature. Many projects of importance, floating uselessly in oral intercourse, in obscure situations, would be imparted in accurate detail, with an encouraging certainty of due attention and impartial decision. Though many proposed improvements might not, on a more close examination, and under further experiments, be found adequate to original expectations; still, in a multiplicity of instances, vast advantages to the public must be a certain result. This is so manifestly obvious, as to require no further comment.

As an instance of such communications as might be made, let me state one which more able persons may object to, or recommend as worthy of further experiment, carried into actual effect; because many causes may combine to render a practical result different from that yielded by models, where exact similarity of action cannot be precisely obtained. In such trials, a strong approximation to a clear conclusion is the utmost that can be reasonably expected.

Having been five years of my life engaged in extensive marine surveys and voyages, it frequently occurred to me that the movement of a ship in the water might be accelerated by an additional fore-and-aft application of power. I conjectured, that if a strong stay ran from each mast-head (I mean the lower masts) down to the keelson, and that if the requisite tightness were given to them, a considerable degree of moving impulse might arise, from a forcible drag on the keelson thus effected. Of course these stays would cross the present stays, one of whose

uses

484

Improvement in the Sailing of Ships suggested.

uses is to prevent the masts from fall-
ing towards the stern, in the pitching
motion. The two additional stays
would run one from the top of the
fore-mast to the bottom of the main-
mast; and the other, from the top of
the main-mast to the stepping of the
mizzen-mast. In the model used in
the experiment, the stay had nearly
this angle of inclination. A string
was attached to the top of the main-
mast, and it ran horizontally to a pully
at some distance from the model. At
the extremity of the string, a small
scale was tied. The model moved on
four wheels, readily representing the
resistance of the water, while small
weights put into the scale set the mo-
del in motion, similarly to what would
be produced by a direct pressure of
wind on sails. Things being thus si-
tuated on a smooth table, the follow-
ing experiments were made. It may
be necessary to remark to the lands-
man, that shrowds are subservient to
two purposes. They, with backstays,
prevent the masts from falling over
the sides;
and as they are fixed abaft
a plane passing through the mast, at
right angles to the ship, they occasion
a forward drag, which in sailing urges
on, or propels the ship in her course.
The additional stays suggested, are in-
tended to act similarly, and that too,
with a more direct pressure or pull in
the sailing direction.

Experiment 1.

The four shrowds on each side of the mast were made quite loose; and two ounces put into the scale caused this single-masted model to move along the table at a slow but uniform

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a little less than an ounce and a quar ter put into the scale caused the model to move with rather more velocity than in the other instances.

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Experiment 5.

In the state of things in the last experiment, the scale and string were lowered to just the height of half of the mast, in which case it required an ounce and a half in the scale to give motion to the model.

It would appear, by comparing experiments 1 and 2, that the action of the shrowds adds one-fourth part to the velocity of the ship; or, in other words, that it would require a fourth part more of wind to give the additional velocity arising from the action of the shrowds.

It would appear from experiments 2 and 3, that the additional stays proposed to be fixed as described, have fully as much effect singly without the shrowds, as the shrowds without the stay.

By comparing experiments 3 and 4, it would seem that the proposed stays add at least a quarter part to the velocity of the ship without their applica

tion.

The last experiment shows that the top of the fore and main-mast is the most advantageous point for the upper end of the new stays; and the stay running to the heel of the mizzenmast, may be carried further aft, in order to be more conveniently situated, than under a more acute angle.

As the apparatus made use of was not so delicate as could have been wished, it is not pretended that the result of these experiments are so conclusive as to be absolutely relied on: but still quite enough of effect is evident to justify a trial of these velocitystays actually on board of a ship under sail. In such case great care must be used that the ship is under nearly similar circumstances of wind, current, tide, and quantity of sail, with and without the stays. The most eligible mode will be to tighten the stays, when she is actually under weigh, her previous rate of going having been well ascertained. This may easily be done by diverting a strong purchase from the capstan to the lower extremity of the stay, where it is attached to the keelson, through a massive ring or eyebolt. By this means, the requisite sudden strain may be thrown on the new stay, previously in a loose state.

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