ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA. -LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS,

BENJAMIN ROBERT Haydon, Esq.
J. Y. Simpson, M.D., Professor of Midwifery in the University

of Edinburgh.
THOMAS DE QUINCEY, Esq.
R. G. LATHAM, Esq., M.A., M.D., &c.
W. E. AYTOUN, Professor of Rhetoric and Belles Lettres in the

University of Edinburgh. J. R. M'CULLOCH, Esq., Member of the Institute of France, &c. AUGUSTUS PETERMANN, Esq., F.R.G.S., &c. WILLIAM SPALDING, M.A., Professor of Logic and Metaphysics

in the University of St. Andrews. John FRANCIS Smith, Esq. J. E. RYLAND, M.A., &c. Rev. P. KELLAND, M.A., Professor of Mathematics in the

University of Edinburgh. ANTONIO PANIZZI, Esq. THOMAS ANDERSON, M.D., Professor of Chemistry in the

University of Glasgow. Dr. DORAX, Author of " Habits and Men," &c. WILLIAM FAIRBAIRN, Esq., C.E., Manchester. H. L. MANSEL, Reader in Moral and Metaphysical Philosophy,

Magdalen College, Oxford. JAMES CAIRD, Esq., Author of “ English Agriculture in 1850-51,"

&c. THOMAS LAYCOCK, M.D., Professor of the Practice of Physic in

the University of Edinburgh. DANIEL Wilson, LL.D., F.R.S.A., &c. LAWRENCE OLIPHANT, Esq., Author of the “ Russian Shores of

the Black Sea." GEORGE FARQUHAR GRAHAM, Esq. John FLEMING, D.D., late Professor of Natural Science, New

College, Edinburgh E. B. DENISON, Esq., M.A., Q.C., &c. Rev. Joux CAIRNS, M.A. J. H. BALFOUR, M.D., Professor of Botany in the University of

Edinburgh. J. S. BLACKIE, Proạessor of Greek in the University of

Edinburgh. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Esq., Author of “Greenland and other

Poems,” &c. William GREGORY, M.D., late Professor of Chemistry in the University of Edinburgh.

ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA.-LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.

Sir John F. W. HERSCHELL, Bart., K.H., M.A., D.C.L., &c. D. F. Arago, late Member of the Royal Institute of France. Joun Robison, LL.D., late Professor of Natural Philosophy

in the University of Edinburgh. Sir Walter Scott, Bart. C. C. J. Bunsen, D.D., D.C.L., D.P.H. Lord JEFFREY Thomas Young, M.D., late Corresponding Member of the

Royal Institute of France. Sir John LESLIE, late Professor of Natural Philosophy in the

University of Edinburgh. Sir John BARROW, Bart. John PLAYFAIR, F.R.S., late Professor of Natural Philosophy

in the University of Edinburgh. The Right Hon. Sir James MACKINTOSH, LL.D., &c. DUGALD STEWART, F.R.S.S. L. and E. Sir James E. SMITH, F.R.S., late President of the Linnean

Society. JEAN BAPTISTE Biot, Member of the Royal Institute of

France. Right Rev. GEORGE GLEIG, D.D. Lieut.-Col. CHARLES HAMILTON SMITH, F.R.S. W. M. RANKISE, Professor of Mechanics in the University of

Glasgow. Sir Joux GRAHAM DALYELL, Bart. Robert Jameson, F.R.S., late Regius Professor of Natural

History in the University of Edinburgh. ALAN STEVENSON, Esq., F.R.S.E., C.E. EDWARD EDWARDS, Esq.

ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA,

EIGHTH EDITION

PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS.

VOLUME I.

DISSERTATION FIRST.-On the Progress of Metaphysical

and Ethical Philosophy, since the Revival of Letters in Europe. By DUGALD STEWART, late Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh.

DISSERTATION SECOND.- On the Progress of Ethical Philo

sophy, chiefly during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. By Sir JAMES MACKINTOSH, LL.D. With a Pre face by WILLIAM WHEWELL, D.D.

DISSERTATION THIRD. - On the Rise, Progress, and Cor

raptions of Christianity. By RICHARD WHATELY, D.D., Archbishop of Dublin.

DISSERTATION FOURTH.-On the Progress of Mathema

tical and Physical Science since the Revival of Letters in Europe. By Sir JOHN PLAYFAIR, late Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh.

DISSERTATION FIFTH.-On the Progress of Mathematical

and Physical Science, chiefly during the Eighteenth Cen. tury. By Sir John LESLIE, late Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh.

DISSERTATION SIXTH.-On the Progress of Mathematical

and Physical Science during the Nineteenth century. By JAMES D. FORBES, Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh.

ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA.- PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS.

VOLUME II.

ABERRATION and ACOUSTICS. By GEORGE BUCHASAN,

F.R.S.E.

ACHROMATIC GLASSES and AERONAUTICS. By Sir JOHN

LESLIE.

ADMIRAL and ADMIRALTY. By Sir John BARROW, Bart

Revised by John BARROW, Admiralty. ADDISON, (JOSEPH.) By WILLIAM SPALDING, A.M., Professor

of Logic in the University of St Andrews. ÆSCHYLUS. By J. S. BLACKIE, Professor of Greek in the Uni

versity of Edinburgh. ÆTNA and ALPS. By ROBERT JAMESON, late Professor of

Natural History in the University of Edinburgh. AFGHANISTAN. By David BUCHANAN and EDWARD THORN

TON, East India House. AFRICA. By AUGUSTUS PETERMANN, F.R.G.S. AGRICULTURE. By JOHN Wilson, Eddington Mains, Ber

wickshire.

AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY. By THOMAS ANDERSON,

M.D., Professor of Chemistry in the University of Glasgow. AGRARIAN LAWS. By GEORGE FERGUSOX, Professor of Hu

manity, King's College, Aberdeen. ALGEBRA. By WILLIAM WALLACE, LL.D., late Professor of

Mathematics in the University of Edinburgh. AMERICA. By CHARLES MACLAREN, F.R.S.E.

ANATOMY. By DAVID CRAIGIE, M.D., F.R.S.E.

Abbreviation-Abyssinia—Academy-Algiers-Alphabet

-Alum.

VOLUME III.

ANATOMY. By DAVID CRAIGIE, M.D., F.R.S.E.
ANCHOR. By JONATHAN AYLEN, Greenwich.
ANDES, ANGLE, &c. By Sir JOHN LESLIE.
ANGLING, ANIMAL KINGDOM, and ANIMALCULE. By

JAMES WILSON, Author of various works on Natural History.
ANNUITIES. By JOSHUA MILNE.
ANT. By P. M. ROGET, M.D., F.R.S.
ANTRIM and ARMAGH. By HENRY SENIOR.
APPARITIONS. By JAMES BROWNE, LL.D.
AQUEDUCT By GEORGE BUCHANAN, C.E.
ARABIA By D. BUCHANAN and W. Plate, LL.D.
ARCH. By JOHN ROBISON, late Professor of Natural Philo-

sophy in the University of Edinburgh, and WILLIAM WAL

LACE, LL.D. ARCHÆOLOGY. By DANIEL WILSON, LL.D. ARCHITECTURE. By WILLIAM HOSKING, Professor of Arts

and Construction, King's College. ARISTOTLE and ARISTOTLE'S PHILOSOPHY. By R. DICK.

SON HAMPDEN, D.D., Bishop of Hereford. ARMY. By J. BROWNE, LL.D., and J. H. STOCQUELER. ARTILLERY. By Capt. SPEARMAN and Colonel PORTLOCK. ARTS. By W. HAZLITT and W. B. JOHNSTONE, R.S.A. ASIA, By H. MURRAY, F.R.S.E., and W. PLATE, LL.D. ASSAYING. By ROBERT MUSHET, of the Royal Mint. ASTRONOMY. By Thos. GALLOWAY, Sir JOHN PLAYFAIR, and

Thos. HENDERSON. With Supplement by Rev. ROBERT MAIN, Royal Observatory, Greenwich.

Archery-Arithmetic.