ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA.-PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS.

VOLUME IX.

ENTOMOLOGY, FISHERIES, and EDWARD FORBES.
JAMES WILSON, F.R.S.E.

EPHRAEM SYRUS. By Rev. HENRY BURGESS, LL.D.
EPISCOPACY. By Rev. GEORGE GLEIG, D.D.

ERASMUS and FEUDAL LAW. By DAVID IRVING, LL.D.
EQUATIONS. By JAMES IVORY, F.R.S.

ETHNOLOGY. By R. G. LATHAM, M.A., M.D.

By

ETRUSCANS, EUGENE, FENELON, &c. By JAMES BROWNE, LL.D.

EUROPE. By CHARLES MACLAREN, F.R.S.E. and JAMES LAURIE.

EVIL. By Rev. W. L. ALEXANDER, D.D.

EXAMINATIONS. By J. F. MACLENNAN.

EXCHANGE, EXCHEQUER BILLS, and EXCISE. By J. R. M'CULLOCH.

EXTREME UNCTION, FATHERS, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, &c. By Rev. J. TAYLOR, D.D.

FABLE and FALLACY. BY WILLIAM SPALDING, A.M., Professor of Logic in the University of St Andrews.

FALCONER, FARQUHAR, and FAIRFAX. By ROBERT CAR

RUTHERS.

FASHION. By Dr DORAN, Author of "Habits and Men," &c. FERMANAGH. By HENRY SENIOR.

FEZZAN. Revised by AUGUSTUS PETERMANN.

FICHTE. By JOHN COLQUHOUN, F.R.S.E.

FIFESHIRE and FORTH. By THOMAS BARCLAY.

FIGURE of the EARTH. BY THOMAS GALLOWAY, F.R.S.

FILTER. BY GEORGE BUCHANAN, F.R.S.E.

FLINTSHIRE. BY JOHN GIRDWOOD.

FLORIDA. By J. SMITH HOMANS, New York.

FLUXIONS. By WILLIAM WALLACE, LL.D.

FONTANA, FOSTER, and FOURCROY. BY THOMAS YOUNG,

M.D.

FOOD. BY THOMAS LINDLEY KEMP, M.D.

FORFAR. By JAMES COWIE.

FORTIFICATION. By Colonel PORTLOCK, Woolwich.

FOSTER. By J. E. RYLAND, M.A.

FOX, C. J. By JOHN ALLEN.

Exhibition-Fanaticism.

ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA.-PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS.

VOLUME X.

FRANCE. By A. V. KIRWAN, of the Middle Temple, Barrister at Law.

FRANKLIN, (BENJAMIN.) By ALEXANDER NICHOLSON.
FRANKLIN, Sir JOHN. By Sir JOHN RICHARDSON,

FUEL and GAS LIGHT. BY CHARLES TOMLINSON, Editor of "Cyclopædia of Useful Arts," &c.

FULLER, ANDREW. By J. E. RYLAND, M.A.

FUNDING SYSTEM. By D. RICARDO, supplemented by J. L. RICARDO, M.P.

FURNACE. BY GEORGE BUCHANAN, F.R.S.E.

GALILEO. By JAMES BROWNE, LL.D.

GALWAY. BY HENRY SENIOR.

GANGES. By EDWARD THORNTON, India House.

GASSENDI and GIBBON. By HENRY ROGERS, Author of the "Eclipse of Faith," &c.

GEOGRAPHY. By Rev. JOHN WALLACE, D.D.

GEOMETRY. By WILLIAM WALLACE, LL.D.

GEOMETRY, ANALYTICAL. By Rev. P. KELLAND, M.A., Professor of Mathematics in the University of Edinburgh.

GERMANY. By W. JACOB.

GLACIER and FRESNEL.

Revised by JAMES LAURIE.

By J. D. FORBES, Professor of

Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh.

GLASGOW. By JOHN STRANG, LL.D.

GLASS. By JAMES BALLANTYNE.

GNOSTICISM. By JOHN TULLOCH, D.D., Primarius Professor of Divinity, St Andrews.

GOETHE. BY THOMAS DE QUINCEY.

GOLDSMITH. By the Right Hon. T. B. MACAULAY.

CAPE of GOOD HOPE. By B. C. PINE, late Lieutenant-Governor of Natal.

GOTAMA BUDDHA. By Rev. R. SPENCE HARDY, Hon. M.R.A.S., Author of "Eastern Monachism," &c.

GOTHS. BY LEONARD SCHMITZ, LL.D.

GOVERNMENT. By P. E. DOVE, Author of the "History of Human Progression," &c.

GRAMMAR. By Bishop GLEIG. Revised by W. SPALDING,

Professor of Logic in the University of St Andrews.

ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA.-PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS.

VOLUME XI.

GRAY, HERRICK, and HOGG. BY ROBERT CARRUTHERS. GREECE. BY CHARLES MACLAREN, F.R.S.E. Revised. GREEK CHURCH. By W. M. HETHERINGTON, D.D., LL.D. GREGORY of NAZIANZUM. By JOHN TULLOCH, D.D. GREGORY (Dr. JAMES). By W. P. ALISON, M.D.

GUINEA and HOUSSA. By AUGUSTUS PETERMANN, F.R.G.S., &c.

GUN-COTTON, GUNPOWDER, GUTTA PERCHA, and HAT-
MAKING. BY CHARLES TOMLINSON.
GUNMAKING. By P. E. Dove.
GUNNERY. By Colonel PORTLOCK.

HALL (ROBERT). By HENRY ROGERS.

HARBOURS. BY THOMAS STEVENSON, C.E.

HARE (C. J.) By W. L. ALEXANDER, D.D.

HARVEY. BY THOMAS LAYCOCK, M.D., Professor of the Practice of Physic in the University of Edinburgh.

HEAT. By T. S. TRAILL, M.D., Professor of Medical Jurisprudence in the University of Edinburgh.

HELMINTHOLOGY. BY JAMES WILSON, F.R.S.E.

HEMP. By T. C. ARCHER, Author of "Popular Economic Botany," &c.

HERALDRY. By T. W. KING, York Herald, Herald's College. HEYNE. By Sir WILLIAM HAMILTON, Bart.

HIEROGLYPHICS. By R. S. POOLE, M.R.S.L., &c.

HIMALAYA MOUNTAINS. By JOSEPH D. HOOKER, M.D., F.R.S.

HINDUSTAN. Revised by EDWARD THORNTON, India House. HISTORY. By DAVID MASSON, M.A., Professor of English Literature, University College.

HOLLAND. Revised by the Rev. JAMES INGRAM, M.A. HOMER. By JoпN S. BLACKIE, Professor of Greek in the University of Edinburgh.

HOMEOPATHY. By W. T. GAIRDNER, M. D.

HOOD (THOMAS). By RICHARD MONCKTON MILNES.

HORACE. BY THEODORE MARTIN.

HORSE, HORSEMANSHIP, and HOUND.

Revised by W.

H. LANGLEY, Editor of "Bell's Life in London."

HORTICULTURE. BY CHARLES MACINTOSH, Author of the "Book of the Garden."

HOWARD (JOHN). By HEPWORTII DIXON.

HOUSEHOLD (ROYAL). By SAMUEL REDGRAVE.

C

ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA.-PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS.

VOLUME XII.

HUME (DAVID). By HENRY ROGERS, Esq., Author of the "Eclipse of Faith," &c.

HUNGARY. BY EMERIC SZABAD, late Secretary under the Hungarian National Government of 1849.

HUNTER (JOHN and WILLIAM), and JENNER. By THOMAS LAYCOCK, M.D., Professor of the Practice of Medicine in the University of Edinburgh.

HUNTING. By NIMROD. Revised by W. H. LANGLEY, Esq., Editor of "Bell's Life in London."

HYDRODYNAMICS. By SIR DAVID BREWSTER, K.H., LL.D. HYPATIA, and IAMBLICHUS. By the Rev. CHARLES KINGSLEY, Author of Westward Ho," &c.

ICELAND. By ROBERT ALLAN, Esq. Revised by ROBERT CHAMBERS, Esq.

ICHTHYOLOGY. By Sir JOHN RICHARDSON, K.B., &c. ICHTHYOLOGY (FOSSIL). By T. S. TRAILL, M.D., Professor

of Medical Jurisprudence in the University of Edinburgh. INSURANCE (LIFE). By W. T. THOMSON, Esq., Manager of the Standard Life Assurance Company.

INSURANCE (FIRE). By F. G. SMITH, Esq., Secretary of the Scottish Union Fire and Life Insurance Company. INSURANCE (MARINE). By JOHN WARRACK, Esq. INTEREST. By J. R. M'CULLOCH, Esq.

IONIAN ISLANDS. BY WILLIAM BLAIR, Esq., late Member of the Supreme Council of Justice of the Ionian Islands, and Author of " Inquiry into Slavery amongst the Romans." IRELAND (HISTORY). By Rev. E. GROVES. (STATISTICS) by HENRY SENIOR, Esq.

IRON. BY WILLIAM FAIRBAIRN, Esq., F.R.S., F.G.S., &c. IRON BRIDGES. By ROBERT STEPHENSON, Esq., M.P., President of the Institution of Civil Engineers.

IRRIGATION. By JAMES CAIRD, Esq., Author of "English Agriculture in 1850-51."

ITALY. By * * *

JAMAICA. Ry STEPHEN CAVE, Esq.

JAPAN AND JAVA. By JOHN CRAWFURD, Esq. F.R.S., Author of "A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands." JESUITISM. By ISAAC TAYLOR, Esq., Author of the "Natural History of Enthusiasm," &c.

JESUS AND JEWS. By the Rev. DAVID WELSH, D.D., late Professor of Ecclesiastical History in the University of Edinburgh. Revised.

JOHNSON (SAMUEL). By the Right Hon. THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY.

JOINERY. BY THOMAS TREDGOLD, Esq., C.E. Revised by

ARTHUR ASPHITEL, Esq.

ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA-PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS.

VOLUME XIII.

KAFRARIA. By Sir BENJAMIN PINE.

KANT. By the Rev. JOHN CAIRNS, M.A.

KARS. Revised by Dr. SANDWITH, K.B.

KNIGHTS, KNIGHTHOOD, LIVERY, and LORRAINE. By Dr. DORAN.

LABRADOR and LAPLAND. Revised by AUGUSTUS PETER-
MANN, F.R.G.S., &c.

LAGRANGE and LALANDE. BY THOMAS YOUNG, M.D.
LANGUAGE. Revised by R. G. LATHAM., M.A., M.D., &c.
LAW. By J. F. M'LENNAN, M.A., Advocate.

LAW OF NATIONS and LIBERTY OF THE PRESS. By
JAMES MILL.

LEAD, LEATHER, and LIFE PRESERVERS. BY CHARLES

TOMLINSON.

LEPROSY. By J. Y. SIMPSON, M.D., Professor of Midwifery in the University of Edinburgh.

LIBRARIES.

chester.

By EDWARD EDWARDS, Free Library, Man

LIGHT. By T. S. TRAILL, M.D., Professor of Medical Jurisprudence in the University of Edinburgh.

LIGHTHOUSES. By ALAN STEVENSON, C.E.

LOCK. By E. B. DENISON, M.A., Q.C.

LOGIC. By WILLIAM SPALDING, M.A., Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of St. Andrews.

LOMBARDS and LOMBARDY. By the Author of the Article "ITALY."

LONDON. By H. G. REID.

LUTHER. By C. C. J. BUNSEN, D.D., D.C.L., D. Ph., &c.

MADAGASCAR. By the Rev. W. ELLIS, Author of "Polynesian Researches," &c.

MADEIRA. By J. Y. JOHNSON, Author of a "Handbook for

Madeira."