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an extraordinary religious development, a high sense of their position as a divinely chosen people.

sang:

"The Lord's portion is His people;
Jacob is the lot of His inheritance.

He found him in a desert land,
And in the waste howling wilderness;
He compassed him about, He cared for him,
He kept him as the apple of His eye.” 1

As Moses

But more than religious development had been attained. The forty years' wandering in the wilderness had produced a race of hardy, independent, and fearless men. Their victories over Sihon and Og had kindled their courage. As they stood on the eastern banks of the Jordan, we may well believe that, while a well-founded fear seized upon the tribes of Canaan, the Hebrews were confidently eager for the conquest.

RESEARCH WORK

GENESIS

The account of creation, Gen. 1, 2.

The story of the fall, Gen. 3.

The tragedy of Cain and Abel, Gen. 4: 1–18.
The cause and incidents of the flood, Gen. 6-9.
The call and journey of Abraham, Gen. 12.

The rescue of Lot, Gen. 14.

Renewal of the covenant with Abraham, Gen. 17.
The story of Sodom and Gomorrah, Gen. 18, 19.
Banishment of Hagar and Ishmael, Gen. 21.

The offering of Isaac, Gen. 22.

The death and burial of Sarah, Gen. 23.

Romantic story of Rebecca, Gen. 24.

A domestic conspiracy and deception, Gen. 27.

1 Deut. 32:9-10.

Flight and vision of Isaac, Gen. 28.

Seven years. of loving service, Gen. 29.

The flight of Jacob, Gen. 31.

Meeting of Jacob and Esau, Gen. 32, 33.

Parental partiality and its consequences, Gen. 37.
Joseph cast into prison, Gen. 39.

An interpretation of two dreams, Gen. 40.
Joseph as prime minister of Egypt, Gen. 41.
Buying corn during a famine, Gen. 42-45.
Migration of Israel into Egypt, Gen. 46.
A cruel state policy, Gen. 47: 13-26.
A paternal blessing, Gen. 49.

EXODUS

The oppression in Egypt, Ex. I.
The early life of Moses, Ex. 2.
The call of Moses, Ex. 3.

The appointment of Aaron as spokesman, Ex. 4.
Increased oppression of the Israelites, Ex. 5.

An interview with the king, Ex. 7.
The visitation of plagues, Ex. 8-10.
Institution of the passover, Ex. 12.
The escape of the Israelites, Ex. 13.
The passage of the Red Sea, Ex. 14.
Moses' song of deliverance, Ex. 15.
The murmuring multitude fed, Ex. 16.
The defeat of Amalek, Ex. 17.

The appointment of civil rulers, Ex. 18.
The giving of the law at Sinai, Ex. 19-24.
The plan of the tabernacle, Ex. 25-31, 35-40.
The worship of the golden calf, Ex. 32.

LEVITICUS

Various offerings, Lev. 1–7.

Consecration of Aaron and his sons, Lev. 8, 9.
The death of Nadab and Abihu, Lev. 10: I-7.

The distinction of clean and unclean animals, Lev. 11.

Regulations relating to leprosy, Lev. 13, 14.
The high priest in the holy place, Lev. 16.

The centralization of sacrifices, Lev. 17.

Sundry regulations relating to holiness, Lev. 18-22.

Various religious festivals, Lev. 23.

The septennial Sabbath and year of Jubilee, Lev. 25.
A notable exhortation to obedience, Lev. 26.

NUMBERS

The numbering of the Israelites, Numb. 1.
Various Levitical regulations, Numb. 2-9.
The multitude departs from Sinai, Numb. 10.
Renewed murmuring and its results, Numb. 11.
The sedition of Miriam and Aaron, Numb. 12.
The mission of the spies, Numb. 13.

Murmuring and condemnation of the Israelites, Numb. 14.
Rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, Numb. 16.
Anger and disobedience of Moses, Numb. 20.

Visitation of fiery serpents and the remedy, Numb. 21.
The story of Balaam, Numb. 22-24.

Joshua appointed Moses' successor, Numb. 27: 12–23.
Fierce war against the Midianites, Numb. 31.

The assignment of land east of the Jordan, Numb. 32.
Cities of the Levites and of refuge, Numb. 35.

DEUTERONOMY

Moses briefly rehearses Israel's history, Deut. 1-3.

A forcible exhortation to obedience, Deut. 4.
Repetition and enforcement of sundry laws, Deut. 5-26.
The tribes on Gerizim and Ebal, Deut. 27.
Blessings and curses of the law, Deut. 28.
Words of encouragement, Deut. 31.

A song of Moses, Deut. 32.

A poetical blessing of the twelve tribes, Deut. 33.
The death and burial of the great lawgiver, Deut. 34.

CHAPTER VI

FROM THE CONQUEST TO SOLOMON

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Relation to the Pentateuch. As we have seen, the Pentateuch records the origin and development of the Hebrew people prior to the conquest of Canaan. It describes the patriarchal age, the protracted sojourn of the Israelites in Egypt, their deliverance from tyrannical oppression, and their weary wanderings on their march to Canaan. It recounts the giving of the moral and ceremonial law, and the gradual organization of the Hebrews into a theocratic commonwealth.

The remaining historical books, which now come under consideration, record a continuation of Hebrew history. They complete the story of Jehovah's dealings with the Chosen People. After the rapid conquest of Canaan, there followed the period of the Judges. At length the monarchy was established under Saul, reached its culmination under David and Solomon, was disrupted under Rehoboam, and then passed into a period of decadence, until at last the Hebrews were carried in captivity to Assyria and Babylonia. After a captivity of seventy years, a part of the people returned under patriotic leaders, and rebuilt the temple and walls of Jerusalem.

In our studies of Hebrew history we must not forget that it is the divine rather than the human element that is made prominent. It sets forth the blessings of righteousness and the evils of iniquity. Kings and courts and state policies are viewed only from the religious side. This

dominant religious purpose of the Hebrew historian makes his records incomplete and fragmentary. His principal aim is to exhibit the continual divine agency in human affairs an omnipresent factor generally neglected in other historical writings.

Book of Joshua. The book of Joshua, which is named after the heroic leader of the Hebrews, describes the conquest of Canaan and its division by lot among the tribes of Israel.1 It falls naturally into two well-marked divisions. The first part, including twelve chapters, briefly describes the conquest of the territory west of the Jordan. The second part, extending from the thirteenth to the twentysecond chapter, describes the allotment of land among the various tribes. The book concludes with a brief farewell address by Joshua. It covers a period of about seven years, and leaves many events untouched.

The author of the book is unknown. According to Jewish tradition it was written by Joshua himself. But this can hardly be true; for the book contains references and incidents referring to a later time. The conquest of Hebron, for example, which is related in chapter 15, did not occur till the time of the Judges.2 On the other hand, it contains materials furnished by a contemporary writer, who had crossed the Jordan.3 Moreover, it is stated that Rahab, who had been saved in the destruction of Jericho, "dwelleth in Israel even unto this day." Whoever the author may have been, it is evident that he wrote in the true prophetic spirit.

4

1" The crossing of the Jordan and the entry into this territory [of Canaan] were destined to become of the utmost importance to mankind. The land of which the shepherd tribes possessed themselves became the arena of great events, so enduring and important in their results, that the country in which they took place became known as the Holy Land."—H. GRAETZ, “ History of the Jews," p. I.

2 Judges 1: 12-15.

3 Josh. 5: I.

4 Josh. 6:25.

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