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HEADS

OF THE TREATY CONCLUDED be

TWEEN PRUSSIA AND THE OTTO

MANS. SIGNED JAN. 31, 1790.

VII. After the conclufion of the general peace, his Prufsian majesty engages to guarantee all the poffeffions that remain to the Porte, and to procure the guarantee of England, Hol

IT being the mutual intereft of the land, Sweden, and Poland, for the

Sublime Porte and his Pruffian majesty, to increafe and confolidate the friendship that has long fubfifted between them: their majesties, Selim III. emperor of the Ottomans, and Frederick William II. king of Pruffia, have authorised the underfigned minifters plenipotentiary to ftipulate and fign the following articles-To wit:

I. His Pruffian majefty engages to declare war, in the fpring of 1790, against the Auftrian and Ruffian courts, to compel them to consent to an equitable peace. And the Sublime Porte engages to use all its forces to obtain the reftitution of Gallicia, Ludomiria, and all the territories wrefted by the court of Vienna from the republic of Poland.

II. The high contracting parties ratify the treaty of commerce now fubfifting between them, as if the fame were repeated word for word; and the Sublime Porte guarantees the free navigation of Pruffian fhips in the Mediterranean, &c.

III. The Sublime Porte being refolved not to make peace, without the reftitution of the fortrelles, provinces, and above all the Crimea, which the enemy have gained in the prefent war; his Pruffian majefty engages not to difcontinue the war till thefe objects are obtained.

IV. This alliance offenfive and defenfive, in which Sweden and Poland are included, to continue in force even after the peace with the two Imperial courts fhall be concluded.

V. The conquefts which the high contracting parties may make, fhall not be restored, until the courts of Petersburgh and Vienna agree to fubmit the differences that fubfift between them and the republic of Poland to the mediation of the two contracting par

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fame.

VIII. The prefent treaty fhall be ex-
changed and ratified at Conftantinople
within five months at least.
(Signed)

(L. S.) MUHAMMED RASCHID;
(L. S.) ASKOR.
(L. S.)

VON DIETZ.

ARTICLES

OF CONVENTION BETWEEN PRUS-
SIA AND AUSTRIA. SIGNED AT
REICHENBACH, IN SILESIA, ON
THE EVENING OF THE TWENTY-
SEVENTH OF JULY.

ART. I. AUSTRIA renounces its alliance with Ruffia.

II. Auftria concludes a feparate peace with the Turks, and renounces all its conquefts made during the war. It fhall, however, retain its ancient provinces of Gallicia and Ludomiria.

III. Should Auftria be enabled to procure, by means of a friendly negoiation with the Turks, any exchange of territory, Pruffia fhall obtain from the court of Vienna, in order to preferve the balance of power, as many fquare miles of land belonging to the Auftrian poffeffions in Upper Silefia, as Auftria fhall obtain from the Turks on the fide of the Aluta.

IV. The king of Pruffia engages to give king Leopold his vote at the approaching election for the Imperial throne, but under this exprefs condi. tion (fine qua non), that the emperor of the Romans fhall never enter into alliance with Ruffia, in order that he may be enabled, as the chief of the Germanic empire, to refift any attack which Ruffia might, at a future period, be induced to undertake against it.

V. Austria shall have full liberty to inforce obedience from its revolted fubjects in the Netherlands, under condition that the king of Hungary reftores to them all the privileges they enjoyed under the government of Maria Therefa. (This article is guaranteed by all the mediating powers.)

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VI. The king of Pruffia does not expect any compenfation for the expences of his warlike preparations, nor does he inforce his claim to the ter ritories of Thorn and Dantzic.

VII. Should Ruffia perfift in carrying on the war against the Porte and Sweden, and that the latter powers demanded affistance of Pruffia, according to the fubfifting treaties, his Pruffian majelty fhall have free liberty to accede to thefe demands, and the court of Vienna shall not interfere in the dispute.

ARTICLES

months, and one of the high contracting parties is in the mean time attacked hoftilely in fome of its eftates, rights and poffeffions, or in any manner whatfoever, the other hereby engages to aflift its ally without delay, and maintain it in the poffeffion of all its eftates, territories, cities, and places belonging to it before the commencement of hoftilities.

And for this purpofe, if the kingdom of Poland happens to be attacked, his majesty the king of Pruffia fhall furnish the king and republic of Poland with the aid of fourteen thoufand infantry, and four thousand cavalry, accompanied by a train of artillery proportioned to those troops; and if the

OF THE TREATY BETWEEN POLAND
AND PRUSSIA, SIGNED ON THE
TWENTY-NINTH OF MARCH LAST, king of Pruffia be attacked, the king

AND RATIFIED ON THE FIFTH OF
APRIL.

ART. I. THERE fhall be a fincere and conftant amity between his majefty and the king of Pruffia, his heirs and fucceffors, and his majefty of Poland and his fucceffors, as well as the moft ferene republic of Poland, in fuch manner, as the high contracting parties fhall give all their attention to maintain between their respective states and subjects, the most perfect friendship and good understanding, and fhall endeavour by all means in their power to defend, and mutually preferve peace and tranquil lity.

II. In confequence of this engage ment, the two contracting parties fhall as much as poffible guarantee and preferve reciprocally the quiet poffeffion of all the ftates, provinces and villages, and all the territory which they are in poffeffion of at the conclufion of the prefent treaty. This guarantee of preTent poffeffions, fhall not however interfere with the amicable accommodation of certain differences, relative to particular limits which exifted before the conclufion of the treaty, and have not been adjusted.

III. In cafe one of the high contracting parties fhall be threatened by hoftilities from whatever quarter, the other fhall, without delay, employ its good offices to prevent the hoftilities, to procure fatisfaction to the injured party, and procure a reconciliation: but, if fuch endeavours have not the defired effect, within the fpace of fix

and republic of Poland fhall furnish him with eight thousand cavalry and four thousand infantry, with fuitable artil lery; which affiftance fhall be furnifhed within the space of two months. from the date of the requifition prefented by the party defiring affistance, and fhall remain at the difpofal of that party, during the continuance of the war in which they may be involved. Thefe troops to be paid by the party furnishing them, until they come to action; but the party requiring them fhall maintain them after they are como into fervice, and that on the fame footing with his own troops. If the party attacked fhall prefer the affiftance of money rather than of troops, he may take his choice; and this affiftance is to be valued at twenty thousand Dutch ducats per annum, for one thousand infantry, and twenty-fix thousand fix hundred and fixty-fix ducats for one thousand cavalry per annum, or in the fame proportion by the month. If likewife the republic of Poland prefer contributing their fuccours in grain to furnifh the magazines, his Pruffian majesty fhall acquiefce as far as his interest will permit, and the grain to be estimated according to the price current of Poland.

IV. In case the affiftance ftipulated proves infufficient for the defence of the power demanding it, the other may augment it according to the urgency of the cafe; and this increase shall extend, on the part of his majesty of Pruffia, to thirty thousand men, and on the part

of

of Poland to twenty thousand. If notwithstanding one of the parties fhall find a neceffity for demanding the whole forces of the other, the two parties referve the power of agreeing between themfelves on fuch an emer-,

gency

V. The troops furnished by either party, fhall be under the command of the general of the army of the party requiring them; but remain together and commanded refpectively by their own officers. They fhall not be more expofed than the other troops, and fhall

receive the fame treatment.

VI. If any foreign power fhould with, in confequence of any former acts and ftipulations, or any interpretation of fuch, to interfere in the internal affairs of the republic of Poland, or its dependencies, at any time, or in any manner whatsoever, his majesty of Pruffia fhall ufe every means to prevent the hoftilities that may arife from fuch pretenfion, but in cafe the means are unsuccessful, his majesty is bound to defend the republic of Poland according to the tenor of this treaty.

VII. The contracting parties having refolved to provide for the intereft of the two nations, by a treaty of commerce, and as, in the nature of it, fuch a treaty requiring time, they are unwilling nevertheless that any delay fhould prevent the prefent treaty of alliance, which is equally agreeable to both parties; but the negociations fhall proceed, until a treaty of commerce be formed which fhall embrace the reciprocal advantage of the two nations. VIII. Concerns the date of ratification.

Done at Warfaw, March 29, 1790.

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MEMORIAL OF THE THREE MEDIATING POWERS RESIDING AT THE HAGUE, TO

THE COUNT DE MERCY ARGEN
TOU, THE IMPERIAL AMBAS-
SADOR; PRESENTED ON THE
TWENTIETH OF NOVEMBER.

YOUR excellency cannot but recol lect, that from the moment we had the honour of entering into conferences with you, which had no other object in view than that of accommodating the affairs of the Belgic ftates, we agreed, as a fundamental principle, "That no coercive measures thould be adopted, fave and except in cate our best endeavours failed in producing the defired effects;" a bafis which his Imperial majesty himfelf had previously propofed, as appears by the declaration of the 20th Auguft 1790, delivered by the baron de Buol to the ftates general; and that, in order to obviate the improper ufe the Belgic ftates might make, of the moderate tendency of thefe preliminary articles, by means of procraftination, we agreed, on our part, to grant them a certain time for their final determination. By virtue of this convention, and with your excellency's concurrence, we did, in our last declaration of 31ft October, exprefsly ftipulate, "That it depended wholly on the Belgic nation to be restored to their ancient conftitution, as eftablished prior to the preceding reign, in its utmosft purity, both with regard to their ecclefiaftical and civil rights, and to grant them an act of oblivion on all that happened during the late troubles; but in order to obtain thefe conceffions, the Belgic ftates were required, on their part, fpeedily to notify the terms they expected conducive to this end; and that no longer period would be allowed than twenty-one days, reckoning from the faid date of 31 October."-Thefe fame reprefentatives of the Belgic nation, under the denomination of the ftates general affembled at Bruffels, then fent four deputies to the Hague, charged with a commiffion, requesting fufficient time to confider, deliberate, and exprefs the wishes of the nation.This ftep we confider tending towards an accommodation-a ftep equally confiftent with the dignity of the fovereign, and fecurity of the fubjects. As fuch, we communicated their overtures to your excellency, when, to our great furprife, we received for answer, that

you rejected all farther delay, notwithftanding our utmost endeavours to remove every apparent difficulty, and notwithstanding the engagement the faid deputies formally, and by a written intrument, entered into," that immediately on the ceffation of hoftilities, the refpective provinces promised without delay to convene the states general, who, alfo, would lofe no time to appoint deputies charged with full powers to pave the way for terminating the fubfifting differences." On this occafion, your excellency, in anfwer, told us, that you confidered our interceffion as entirely fulfilled, and that, at all events, the Imperial troops were destined to march into the country, either as friends or foes, according to the fubmiffion or refiftance they might meet with. Your excellency will permit us to remark, how much fuch measures and views appear to us repugnant to the principles which from the beginning of the nego ciation we prefumed to entertain; and wherewith, Sir, we thought to do juftice to the juft and humane character which fo eminently distinguished your illuftrious mafter. We cannot perfuade oui felves, nor can your excellency, on mature confideration, imagine matters having arrived to that extreme as to render a military force as the only means capable of restoring the Belgic nation to their fovereign, advifable. It is for these reafons that we neither can nor will be confidered as having been the caufe, or co-operators, in any manner whatever, in the measures which your excellency feems inclinable to purfue. In confequence of which, we refolve ourselves for and in behalf of our respective fovereigns, to a in a manner according to future circumftances, and as in our judgment it may appear confiftent with the nature of the fame.

(Signed)" AUCKLAND.

"Count VAN KELLER.
"VAN DE SPIEGEL."

SUBSTANCE

GREAT BRITAIN AND PRUSSIA,
AND THE STATES GENERAL OF
THE UNITED PROVINCES.

IT is generally known, that the convention figned at Reichenbach on the 27th of July last, and properly ratified by the above high contracting powers, had for its object the re-establishment of peace and good order in the Belgic provinces of his Imperial majefty, by a general amnefty, and total forgiveness of whatever had paffed during the troubles, under the guarantee of the faid powers: fince which time it has been the conftant labour of the faid

plenipotentiaries, in concert with the Imperial minifter, to bring the Belgic provinces to a proper fubmiffion, under certain ftipulated conditions; but which they have been unable finally to ac complish, without the aid of his Imperial majefty's troops.

This defirable bufinefs having been fulfilled, according to the engagement of the mediating powers, it became further neceffary for the confirmation of his Imperial majefty's authority over the faid provinces, for the fecurity of thofe provinces, and for the mutual intereft of the mediating powers, that the bonds of friendfhip fhould be reciprocally more closely drawn between them; for which purpose the following articles have been unanimously agreed to by the faid minifters, in virtue of the powers with which they had been invested.

mage of the Belgic provinces, his Im1. That on receiving the ufual hoperial majefty fhall confirm them in all the conftitutional privileges and legal cuftoms which they had enjoyed by the acts of inauguration of the emperor Charles VI. and the emprefs Maria Therefa.

II. His Imperial majefty confents to bury in oblivion all the exceffes that have been committed during the late troubles, and to comprise them in a general amnesty, which fhall be initantly made public, notwithstanding the former limitation of that amnesty to the 21ft of November, with the exception of a very few individuals, whofe conduct has precluded them from every claim to this general pardon; and of thofe culprits, whofe crimes OF GERMANY, THE KINGS OF are diftinct from the diforders comVOL. II.

OF A CONVENTION SIGNED ON

THE 10th OF DECEMBER 1790,

BETWEEN THE MINISTERS PLE

NIPOTENTIARY OF HIS IMPE

RIAL MAJESTY THE EMPEROR

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mitted

mitted during the late infurrection. At the fame time it is to be understood, that his Imperial majefty does not by this general amnefty mean either to acknowledge or confirm thofe ufurpations, which, during the troubles, have been made on the rights and prerogatives of his fovereign power.

III. His Imperial majefty, during the conferences at Reichenbach, having been difpofed to grant certain conceffions, not ulteriorly affecting the Imperial conftitution, in cafe that fubmiffion fhould precede compulfion, has yet, at the infance of the mediating powers, granted thofe conceffions which he had been previously disposed to grant of his own accord, as the reward of a voluntary fubmiffion, and which are contained in a letter from his Imperial majesty's plenipotentiary to the mediating minifters, dated at the Hague the 29th of October 1790, and are contained effentially under the following heads:

First, In regard to certain points of ecclefiaftical difcipline, in which fome alterations had been made during the laft reign, and with intentions, the purity of which have been mifconceived, his Imperial majefty places all fuch matters under the regulation of the bishops, reftoring to them all the powers which they exercifed at the termination of the reign of the late emprefs Maria Therefa; and as particularized in an edit made in the province of Luxembourg, and which fhall be published throughout the other provinces; although his Imperial majefty is ftill of opinion, that thofe arrangements which he now revokes, did by no means militate against the conftitution of the respective provinces.

Secondly, His Imperial majefty would willingly place the univerfity of Louvaine on the fame footing as at the decease of her late Imperial majesty; but confidering the neceffity there is of a reform in the plan of ftudies of philofophy, law, and phyfic, his majefty judges it neceffary to keep fuch conceffion in fufpenfe, till a new plan of ftudy can be adopted and introduced; on the fubject of which he will deliberate with the states.

Thirdly, As it would be impoffible to re-establish the fuppreffed convents

on their former foundation, his majefty promises to apply the revenues of thole convents to fuch pious purposes as feem to be moft analogous to the intention of their refpective founders :And he also promifes to revive, and confirm in their rights, fuah fuppreffed abbeys as anciently enjoyed the privilege of fending deputies to the ftates.

Fourtily, His majesty, relying on the patriotism and valour of the Belgic provinces, pofitively renounces every pretenfion to keep a ftanding army (confcription militaire) directly or indirectly; nor will he attempt to raife any troops in the provinces, but with the content of the ftates, and as exigencies may require: And, Fifthly, confiding in the love of his fubjects, and their generous efforts for the support of his empire, he engages never to levy any tax upon them, on any pretext whatever, without the full confent and concurrence of the ftates.

Sixthly, The judges of the fuperior courts are confirmed in their stations, agreeable to the conftitutions of each province on this head.

Seventhly, The diploma granted by the emperor Charles VI. to the fuperior tribunals, is made irrevocable.

The eighth article contains his majefty's intimation of hearing and confulting with the states and tribunals on the fubject of any new and general law. The ninth is an extenfion of this privilege on the subject of the penal laws.

Tenthly, His majesty engages to reestablish the organization of the government and chamber of accounts, on the fame footing as in the reign of the late emprefs; referving to himfelf the right of making fuch changes as may become indifpenfibly neceffary, yetalways with attention to the public voice, and the right of the conftitution.

By the eleventh article it is ftipulated, that the commander in chief of the troops, and the minifter plenipotentiary, fhall respectively be under the control of the governors general; and his majesty in confidence that when the prefent troubles are perfectly overcome, there will exift no pretext whatever for their revival, wishes to have it eftablifhed as an immutable rule, that the foldiery hall never be called out against

the

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