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proofs that he was poffeffed of every feeling of a humane and good man. Sorry as he was, he faid, that fuch a calamity could ever have happened to us, yet he confidered it as the greatest bleffing of his life that we had fallen under his protection; and, though his firmity was fo great that he could not do the office of a friend himself, he would give fuch orders as I might be certain would procure me every fupply I wanted. In the mean time a house was hired for me, and, till matters could be properly regulated, victuals for every one were ordered to be dreffed at his own houfe. With refpect to my people, he faid I might have room for them either at the hospital or on board of captain Spikerman's fhip, which lay in the road; and he expreffed much angafinefs that Coupang could not afford them better accommodations, the house affigned to me being the only one uninhabited, and the fituation of the few families fuch, that they could not accommodate any one. After this convertation, an elegant repast was fet before me, more according to the custom of the country, than with defign to alleviate my hunger fo that in this infance he happily blended, with common politeness, the greatest favour I could

Receive."

Mr. Bligh had a houfe allotted him; and he very humanely divided the apart ments with his men, according to rank. “At noon a very handsome dinner was Brought to the houfe, which was fufficient to make perfons, more accustomed to plenty, eat too much. Cautions, therefore, might be fuppofed to have had little effect; but I believe few people in fuch a fituation would have obferved more moderation. My greatest apprehenfion was, that they would eat 200 much fruit.

"Having feen every one enjoy this meal of plenty, I dined with Mr. Wan jon, the governor's fon-in-law, and fecond in command; but I found no extraordinary inclination to eat or drink. Reft and quiet, I confidered, as more neceffary to my doing well, and therefore retired to my room, which I found furnished with every convenience. But, inftead of reft, my mind was difpofed to reffect on our late sufferings, and on the

failure of the expedition; but, above all, on the thanks due to Almighty God, who had given us power to fupport and bear fuch heavy calamities, and had en÷ abled me at last to be the means of faying eighteen lives.

The quantity of provifions with which we left the fhip, was not more than we fhould have confumed in five days, had there been no neceffity for hufbanding our ftock. The mutineers must naturally have concluded that we could have no other place of refuge than the Friendly Iflands; for it was not likely they fhould imagine, that, fo poorly equipped as we were in every respect, there could have been a poffi bility of our attempting to return homewards: much lefs will they fufpect that the account of their villainy has already reached their native country.

"When I reflect how providentially our lives were faved at Tofoa, by the Indians delaying their attack, and that, with fearce any thing to fupport life, we croffed a fea of more than twelve hundred leagues, without fhelter from the inclemency of the weather; when I reflect that in an open boat, with fo much ftormy weather, we escaped foundering, that not any of us were taken off by difeafe, that we had the great good for tune to pass the unfriendly natives of other countries without accident, and at laft happily to meet with the most friendly and beft of people to relieve our diftreffes; I fay, when I reflect on all thefe wonderful efcapes, the remembrance of fuch great mercies enables me to bear, with refignation and chearfulnefs, the failure of an expedition, the fuccefs of which I had fo much at heart, and which was fruftrated at a time when I was congratulating myself on the faireft profpect of being able to complete it in a manner that would fully have answered the intention of his majesty, and the honourable promoters of so benevolent a plan.

"As, from the great humanity and attention of the governor, and the gentlemen, at Coupang, we received every kind of affiftance, we were not long without evident figns of returning health: therefore, to fecure my arrival at Batavia, before the October fleet failed for Europe, on the aft of July, I purchased a

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Paffing by Paffourwang, Sourabya, nd Samarang, on the coaft of Java, they rrived at Batavia on the 1ft of October; here Mr. Bligh was feized with a ever, but recovering in fome degree, e governor-general fuffered him to ail, with two of his people in a packet, romifing that thofe who remained fhould e fent, fhortly after, in the fleet. "On he 16th of December, I arrived at the Cape of Good Hope, where I first oberved that my ufual health was returnng; but for a long time I continued ery weak and infirm.

"On the 2d of January 1790, we ailed for Europe, and on the 14th of March, I was landed at Portfmouth by en Ifle of Wight boat."

Having thus followed our author very faithfully, little remains to be faid: of the importance of this Narrative, and the merit of its execution, our readers may judge equally with ourselves, every. ne being candidly left to form his own opinion.

On the 20th of July, Mr. Nelfon the botanist, died at Timor; and, fince the publication of this work, accounts have been received of the death of two others of the crew, in confequence of the exceffive fatigue which they under

went.

Another account of this Mutiny has been published at an inferior price, but faid to contain particulars not communicated by lieutenant Bligh. Anxious to cater faithfully for the public, we examined this publication; and, as we expected, find it an abridgment of the larger work, containing nothing new refpecting the feizure of the fhip, or the fubfequent tranfactions. The additions are merely collected from preceding voyagers; with a view to confirm lieutenant Bligh's fuggeftion, That the charms of the Otaheitean females

Nile. We left him at the village Rhoda, where a difpute commenced between two of the people who went on fhore, and the inhabitants, which ended in a contest, of little confequence. After paffing feveral villages in their canja, on the morning of the 25th, they impatiently fet out from Beliani, and early in the forenoon arrived at Dendera.

"Dendera is a confiderable town at this day, all covered with thick groves of palm-trees, the fame that Juvenal

defcribes it to have been in his time. Juvenal himself must have feen it, at least once, in paffing, as he himself died in a kind of honourable exile at Syene,

whilft in command there.

Terga fugæ celeri, præftantibus omnibus inftantin Qui vicina colunt umbrofe Tentyra palme.

Juv. Sat. 15. v. 75

"This place is governed by a cacheff appointed by fhekh Haman. A mile fouth of the town, are the ruins of twa temples, one of which is fo much buried under ground, that little of it is to be feen; but the other, which is by far the most magnificent, is entire, and acceffible on every fide. It is alfo covered with hieroglyphics, both within and without, all in relief; and of every figure, fimple and compound, that ever has been published, or called an hieroglyphic.

"The form of the building is an oblong fquare, the ends of which are occupied by two large apartments, or veftibules, fupported by monftrous columns, all covered with hieroglyphics likewife. Some are in form of men and beafts; fome feem to be the figures of inftruments of facrifice, while others, in a smaller size, and less diftin&t form, feem to be infcriptions in the current hand of hieroglyphics, of which I shall

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• The capitals are of one piece, and confift of four huge human heads, placed back to back against one another, with bat's ears, and an ill-imagined, and worfe-executed, fold of drapery between zhem.

"Above thefe is a large oblong fquare block, till larger than the capitals, with four flat fronts, difpofed Like pannels, that is, with a kind of fquare border round the edges, while the faces and fronts are filled with hieroglyphics; as are the walls and cielings of every part of the temple. Between thefe two apartments in the extremities, there are three other apart ments, refembling the firft, in every respect, only that they are smaller.

"The whole building is of common white ftone, from the neighbouring mountains, only those two in which bave been funk the pirns for hanging the outer doors, (for it seems they had doors even in those days) are of granite, or black and blue porphyry.

"The top of the temple is flat; the fpouts to carry off the water are monArous heads of fphinxes; the globes with wings, and the two ferpents, with a kind of fhield or breaft-plate between them, are here frequently repeated, fuch as we fee them on the Carthaginian medals.

"The hieroglyphics have been painted over, and great part of the colouring yet remains upon the ftones, red, in all its fhades, efpecially that dark dufky colour called Tyrian purple; yellow, very freth; fky-blue (that is, near the blue of an eastern fky, feveral fhades lighter than our's;) green of different fhades; thefe are all the colours preferved.

"I could difcover no veftiges of common houses in Dendera more than in any other of the great towns in Egpyt. I fuppofe the common houfes, of the ancients, in these warm countries, were conftructed of very flight materials, after they left their caves in the moun tains. There was indeed no need for any other. Not knowing the regularity of the Nile's inundation, they never could be perfectly fecure in their own minds against the deluge; and this flight ftructure of private buildings feems to be the reafon fo few ruins are found in the many cities once built in

Egypt. If there ever were any other buildings, they must be now covered with the white fand from the mountains, for the whole plain to the foot of thefe is overflowed, and in cultivation. It was no part, either of my plan or inclination, to enter into the detail of this extraordinary architecture. Quantity, and folidity, are two principal circumftances that are feen there, with a vengeance.

"It strikes and impofes on you, at first fight, but the impreffions are like thofe made by the fize of mountains, which the mind does not retain for any confiderable time after feeing them; I think, a very ready hand might spend fix months, from morning to night, before he could copy the hieroglyphics in the infide of the temple. They are, however, in several combinations, which have not appeared in the collection of hieroglyphics. I wonder that, being in the neighbourhood, as we are, of Lycopolis, we never fee a wolf as an hieroglyphic; and nothing, indeed, but what has fome affinity to water; yet the wolf is upon all the medals, from which I apprehend that the worthip of the wolf was but a modern fuperstition."

A little before our traveller came to Dendera, they faw the first crocodile, and afterwards hundreds, lying upon every ifland, like large flocks of cattle; yet the inhabitants of Dendera drive their beats of every kind into the river, and they ftand there four hours. The girls and women too, that come to fetch water in jars, ftand up to their knees in the water for a confiderable time; and if may we guefs by what happens, their danger is full as little as their fear, for none of them, as far as our travellers could learn, had been bitten by a crocodile. However, if the Denderites. were as keen and expert hunters of crocodiles, as fome biftorians tell us they formerly were, there is furely no part of the Nile where they would have better fport than here, immediately before their own city. According to this account, crocodiles are not those deftructive animals, which naturalifts have reprefented them.

About four o'clock in the afternoon of January 7, they arrived at El Gourni, a small village, a quarter of a mile-dif

tant

ntire, nor fo magnificent, as thofe of Dendera. The temples at Medinet Tabu are the most elegant of thefe. The hieroglyphics are cut to the depth of half a foot, in fome places.

A number of robbers, who much reemble the English gypfies, live in the oles of the mountains above Thebes. They are all out-laws, and punished vith death if found elfewhere. Ofman Bey, an ancient governor of Girge, unable to fuffer any longer the diforders committed by thefe people, ordered a quantity of dried faggots to be brought together, and, with his foldiers, took poffeffion of the face of the mountain, where the greatest number of thefe wretches were: he then ordered all their caves to be filled with this dry brushwood, to which he fet fire, so that inoit of them were deftroyed; but they have fince recruited their numbers, with out changing their manners.

"About half a mile north of El Gourni, are the magnificent, ftupendous fepulchres, of Thebes. The mountains of the Thebaid come clofe behind the town; they are not run in upon one another like ridges, but stand infulated upon their bases; so that you can get round each of them. A hundred of thefe, it is faid, are excavated into fepulchral, and a variety of other apartments. I went through feven of them with a great deal of fatigue. It is a folitary place; and my guides, either from a natural impatience and diftafte that these people have at fuch employments, or, that their fears of the banditti that live in the caverns of the mountains were real, importuned me to return to the boat, even before I had begun my fearch, or got into the mountains, where are the many large apartments of which I was in queft.

"In the first one of thefe I entered, is the prodigious farcophagus, fome fay

one among them.

"There have been fome ornaments at the outer pillars, or outer entry, which have been broken and thrown down. Thence you defcend through an inclined paffage, I fuppofe, about twenty feet broad; I fpeak only by guefs, for I did not meafure. The fide walls, as well as the roof of this paffage, are covered with a coat of ftucco, of a finer and more equal grain, or furface, than any I ever faw in Europe. I found my black-lead pencil little more worn by it than by writing upon paper.

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Upon the left-hand fide is the crocodile feizing upon the apis, and plunging him into the water. On the right-hand is the fearabæus thebaicus, or the thebaic beetle, the firft animal that is feen alive after the Nile retires from the land; and therefore thought to be an emblem of the refurrection. My own conjecture is, that the apis was the emblem of the arable land of Egypt; the crocodile, the typhon, or cacodæmon, the type of an overabundant Nile; that the fearabæus was the land which had been overflowed, and from which the water had foon retired, and has nothing to do with the refurrection or immortality, neither of which at that time were in contemplation.

"Farther forward on the right-hand of the entry, the pannels, or compartments, were fill formed in ftucco, but, in place of figures in relief, they were painted in fresco. I dare fay this was the cafe on the left-hand of the paffage, as well as the right. But the first difcovery was fo unexpected, and I had flattered myself that I fhould be fo fat mafter of my own time, as to fee the whole at my leifure, that I was rivetted, as it were, to the fpot by the first fight of thefe paintings, and I could proceed

"In one pannel were feveral musical inftruments ftrowed upon the ground, chiefly of the hautboy kind, with a mouth-piece of reed. There were alfo fome fimple pipes or flutes. With them were feveral jars apparently of potter ware, which, having their mouths covered with parchment or fkin, and being braced on their fides like a drum, were probably the inftrument called the tabor, or tabret, beat upon by the hands, coupled in earliest ages with the harp, and preserved still in Abyffinia, though its companion, the laft-mentioned inftrument, is no longer known there.

"In three following pannels were painted, in fresco, three harps, which merited the utmost attention, whether we confider the elegance of thefe inftruments in their form, and the detail of their part as they are here clearly expreffed, or confine ourfelves to the reflection that neceffarily follows, to how great perfection music must have arrived, before an artift could have produced fo complete an inftrument as either of thefe.

"These harps, in my opinion, overturn all the accounts hitherto given of the earliest ftate of mufic and mufical inftruments in the east; and are altogether in their form, ornaments, and compafs, an inconteftible proof, ftrong er than a thousand Greek quotations, that geometry, drawing, mechanics, and mufic, were at the greatest perfection when this inftrument was made, and that the period from which we date the invention of thefe arts, was only the beginning of the era of their restoration. This was the fentiment of Solomon, a writer who lived at the time when this harp was painted. Is there (faid Solomon) any thing whereof it may be faid, See, this is new! it hath been already of old time which was before us.'

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"We find, in thefe very countries, how a later calamity, of the fame public nature, the conqueft of the Saracens, occafioned a fimilar downfall of literature, by the burning the Alexandrian library under the fanatical caliph Omar. We fee how foon after they flourished, planted by the fame hands that before

had rooted them out."

Luxor, and Carnac, which is a mile and a quarter below it, are by far the

largest and most magnificent fcenes of ruins in Egypt, much more extensive and ftupendous than thofe of Thebes and Dendera put together.

There are two obelisks here of great beauty, and in good preservation; they are lefs than thofe at Rome, but not at all mutilated. The pavement, which is made to receive the fhadow, is to this day fo horizontal, it might still be used in obfervation.

At Carnac they faw the remains of two vaft rows of sphinxes, one on the right-hand, the other on the left, (their heads were mostly broken) and, a little lower, a number as it fhould feem of termini. They were compofed of bafaltes, with a dog or lion's head, of Egyptian fculpture. They food in lines likewife, as if intended as an avenue to fome principal building.

On the 20th, they failed with a favourable wind till about an hour before fun-rife, and about nine o'clock came to an anchor on the fouth end of the palm groves, and north end of the town of Syene, nearly oppofite to an ifland in which there is a fmall handsome Egyptian temple, pretty entire. It is the temple of Cnuphis, where formerly was the Nilometer.

On the 22d, 23d, and 24th of January, our travellers being at Syene, in a house immediately east of the fmall island in the Nile, by a mean of three obfervations of the fun in the meridian, Mr. Bruce concluded the latitude of Syene, to be 24 deg. 45 fec. north.

Mr. Bruce being now about to launch into that part of his expedition, in which he was to have no further intercourfe with Europe, examined all his observations, and put his journal in fuch forwardnefs by explanations, where needful, that the labours and pains he had hitherto been at, might not be totally loft to the public, should he perish in the journey he had undertaken, which, every day, from all information he could procure, appeared to be more and more likely.

On Thurfday, February 16, 1769, Mr. Bruce heard the caravan was ready to fet out for Kenné, the Cæne Emporium of antiquity; and on the 17th, at eight o'clock in the morning, having mounted his fervants all on horseback, and taken the charge of their

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