took up his abode at Canterbury.

In 1713 Sir William des Bouveries, a Turkey merchant in the City of London, was created a baronet ; and it was his son, Sir Jacob, who was made a peer. One of Sir William's daughters married the fourth Earl of Shaftesbury, and was grandmother of the celebrated philanthropist, so that Dr. Pusey and Lord Shaftesbury were second cousins. Dr. Pusey was conscious of his Walloon extraction, and used to say, "You know I am phlegmatic, and indeed Dutch."

The Bouveries escaped giving their name to the vast ecclesiastical movement in the Church of England in the present century only by accident. Dr. Pusey's grandmother, the first Lady Folkestone, had two sisters-in-law, co-heiresses of the estate of Pusey in Berkshire, about twelve miles from Oxford; and to her second son, Philip, they left that property, and with it the name of Pusey, though the two families were not related in blood. Dr. Pusey's uncle, William, second Viscount Folkestone, was created Earl of Radnor in 1765, and was great-great-grandfather of the present popular holder of that title.

Dr. Pusey was the second son; his elder brother, Philip (who was many years member

for Berkshire, and the first country gentleman who was a free-trader), and his wife, Lady Emily Herbert (aunt of the late Lord Carnarvon, the Secretary of State), were throughout their lives on such intimate terms of affection with him that Pusey House never ceased to be his home. Dr. Pusey had a younger brother, William, Rector of Langley, in Kent; and two sisters, Elizabeth, who married a clergyman, the son of Bishop Luxmoore, of St. Asaph ; and Charlotte, wife of the well-known Evangelical Provost of Worcester, Dr. Cotton.

Dr. Pusey's father was a stern Tory, somewhat stiff, silent and unbending, an oldfashioned Churchman of a hard type, repressive in his treatment of children. The mother, Lady Lucy, the daughter of the peer-canon of Salisbury, was always spoken of by her son with great affection. She taught her children their religious principles in a plain, orthodox, Church of England way. "" She used to talk

to her son as if she represented a religious temper which had belonged to her race in earlier days. All that I know of religious truth,' Pusey used to say, 'I learnt, at least in principle, from my mother.'"

At the age of seven Pusey was sent to the

school of the Rev. Richard Roberts at Mitcham, Surrey, who made him a sound classical scholar, flogged him for cutting a pencil at both ends, flogged him for false quantities, made him proficient in Greek and Latin verses, and at the age of eleven forwarded him thoroughly equipped to Eton. Dr. Pusey used in afterlife to say that he could have passed the Oxford Little-go before he went to Eton.

At Eton his master was the famous Dr. Keate, of whom the story is told that, finding one morning a row of boys in his study, he began, as usual, to flog them. They were too terrified at the awful little man to remonstrate till he had gone half-way down the row, when one plucked up courage to falter out, "Please, sir, we're not up for punishment : we're a confirmation class!" "Never mind," said Dr. Keate; "I must be fair all round, and it will do you good." So he finished them off. At Eton Pusey was no less diligent than at Mitcham. Edward Coleridge sat on the same bench with him, and afterwards wrote: "He did not engage not engage in sports, did long exercises, and was very obscure in his style." Throughout life he was "a portentous student" and a heavy and clumsy writer. His

training in an English country house made him a fair shot and a good rider across country. His time at Eton coincided with Napoleon's later victories, the culmination of his power, and his overthrow; and his observation of all this "contributed to develop that sense of the presence of God in human affairs, as attested by swift and awful judgments, which coloured so largely his religious convictions."1

His Eton days were quiet and studious, and he gained no special honours. Before matriculating at Oxford he went to Buckden, near Huntingdon, where was the ancient palace of the Bishops of Lincoln, to read with a private tutor-Dr. Maltby, afterwards Bishop of Durham. He was "very happy with Maltby; there were no black sheep at Buckden."

In January 1819 he entered Christ Church. At the same college was his second cousin, Lord Ashley, eight months his junior, the future philanthropist and Evangelical leader; but for some reason Pusey declined to read for lectures with him, and there was no ripening of intimacy. In 1822 he took a First

Class in Classics.

Throughout his career as

1 Liddon's Life of Dr. Pusey.

an undergraduate his life was clouded by his father's opposition to an engagement which he wished to make with Maria Raymond-Barker, daughter of a Mr. Raymond, who took the additional name on the estate of Fairford Park, Gloucestershire, being left him by a Miss Barker, whose grandfather had bought it from the Traceys. Miss Raymond-Barker was baptised as a Dissenter. But, whatever the reason was, there was opposition on both sides; and it was not till her father's death, in 1827, that the engagement was permitted in form. This trouble threatened to interfere with his preparation for the schools; but by prodigious and superhuman work during the last year, reading sometimes sixteen or seventeen hours a day (he described his life as "that of a reading automaton who might by patience be made a human being"), he succeeded. His strength "lay in accurate verbal scholarship rather than in philosophy."

After taking his degree he went for a tour of three months with a friend in Switzerland, where his depression from thwarted affection and an enthusiastic admiration for Byron produced a somewhat unhealthy tone. "The extreme force and beauty of Byron's poetry, combined with a