save yourself 'No, I must

do you feel yourself a depraved creature, so depraved that you would never have thought of turning to God, if God had not first put it in your heart?' 'Yes,' says the veteran, 'I do indeed.' And do you utterly despair of recommending yourself to God by anything that you can do, and look for salvation solely through the blood and righteousness of Christ?' Yes, solely through Christ.' But, sir, supposing you were at first saved by Christ, are you not somehow or other to afterwards by your own works?' be saved by Christ from first to last.' 'Allowing, then, that you were first turned by the grace of God, are you not in some way or other to keep yourself by your own power ?' 'No.' 'What, then, are you to be upheld every hour and every moment by God, as much as an infant in its mother's arms?' 'Yes, altogether.' And is all your hope in the grace and mercy of God to preserve you unto His heavenly kingdom?' 'Yes, I have no hope but in Him.' Then, sir, with your leave I will put up my dagger again, for this is all my Calvinism-it is in substance all that I hold and as I hold it.""

6

Wesley thus alludes to the interview: "De

went to Hinxworth,

cember 20th, 1784.—I where I had the satisfaction of meeting Mr. Simeon, Fellow of King's College in Cambridge. He has spent some time with Mr. Fletcher at Madeley: two kindred souls much resembling each other, both in fervour of spirit and earnestness of their address."

Simeon's place in the Church is thus summed up by Bishop Wilson, of Calcutta: "The mind. is indeed astonished at the amount of this remarkable man's ultimate usefulness. As a Preacher he was unquestionably one of the first of his age-as a Divine one of the most truly Scriptural-as a President in the University the most useful person beyond all doubt which these latter times have known-as a Writer he began early in life, and accomplished after forty years' persevering labour a most extensive and valuable collection of discourses on every part of Scripture for the guidance of divinity students-as a Churchman he devoted all his property to perpetuate in numerous populous parishes the selection of devoted and able ministers-as a Man and a Christian he eminently lived to the glory and died in the peace of Christ his Lord."

A valuable biography of him, extending to

588 pages, was written by his friend and disciple William Carus, Senior Dean of Trinity College, Cambridge. A smaller and more modern Life has come from the sympathetic hand of Principal Moule, of Ridley, an admirable work more within the reach of the general reader. And Charles Simeon of Cambridge is the seventy-fifth of the excellent series of penny biographies of the Religious Tract Society, compiled from Carus's Memoirs by Horace Noel, a monograph deserving of the widest circulation.

IX

NEWMAN

THE FOUNder of TRACTARIANISM

OHN HENRY NEWMAN, the creator of

Jo

the movement in the Church of England

now symbolised by the various societies. known generally as Anglo-Catholic,' was born in the city of London, February 21st, 1801, thirty-five years before the death of Charles Simeon. His father was of Dutch extraction (the name was originally spelt Newmann), a partner in the banking-house of Ramsbottom, Newman, & Co.; and his mother, Jemima Fourdrinier, had, like Dr. Pusey, Huguenot

ancestors.

"I was brought up from a child," he writes, "to take great delight in reading the Bible;

1 The name is misleading, as all sections of the Church of England claim to be Catholic, though they explain the word differently.

but I had formed no religious conviction till I was fifteen. Of course I had a perfect knowledge of my catechism."1

"I used to wish the Arabian Nights were true; my imagination ran on unknown influences, on magical powers and talismans. . . . I thought life might be a dream, or I an angel, and all this world a deception, my fellow-angels by a playful device concealing themselves from me, and deceiving me with the semblance of a material world." 2

'I was was very superstitious, and for some months previous to my conversion (when I was fifteen) used constantly to cross myself on going into the dark." 8

"When I was fourteen, I read Paine's Tracts against the Old Testament, and found pleasure in thinking of the objections contained in them. Also I read some of Hume's Essays; and perhaps that on miracles. Also I recollect copying out some French verses, perhaps Voltaire's, in denial of the immortality of the soul, and saying to myself something like How dreadful, but how plausible!

The impulsive and impressionable character

2 Ibid.

3 Ibid.

1 Apologia, p. 2.