the 7th of June, with feveral perfons as yet unknown, and beginning to pull down the dwellinghoule of the Earl of Mansfield, in Bloomsbury-fquare.

Richard Ingram depofed, "That he lives in Weymouth-ftreet, and was in Bloomsbury-fquare at half after one on Wednesday morning the 7th of June. Hearing there was a fire near Queen's-fquare, and having relations there, he went towards it-He faw a mob at Lord Mansfield's, and four or five fires-that he beheld perfons in the house, men, women, and children, bringing cut furniture and books. He faw the prifoner (whom he has known perfonally for fome years) ftanding oppofite Lord Mansfield's door with his hands upon a boy's fhoulder, who was putting a book in the fire-He aw nothing in his hat at that time; he thought he was encouraging the boy. He faw, at the fame time, furniture carrying out, and feveral books burning; and from the manner in which the prifoner put his hand on the boy's houlder, it appeared to him to be encouraging, not preventing the boy. He went on to Devonshire freet, but did not stop there, and returned in about a quarter of an hour-it was then about two o' clock. On his return, he faw the priforer with a blue cockade in his hat, and another perfon holding his arm: furniture was ftill throwing cut, and books burning; and he obferved the mob were going for more books, upon which he faid, books could do no harm. A perfon on his left hand anfwer. ed, What, fir!" in a menacing tone: he corrected himself, and faid, "Lord George will get this

Mr. Mafcal, who was on his right hand, next but one, looked over the next man's fhoulder, and faid, "That's a damned ne, the "bill won't be repealed." Another person then faid, "Mafcal, "you were always a feditious per"fon." Mafcal then faid, "That man in the black cockade (meaning the witnefs) is a spy. He wears a cockade as being on the phyfical staff, and was furgeon to a regiment of dragoons." The man on his right hand between him and Mafcal, feized him by the collar, and cried out "Spies! fpies!" The mob, on that, hoved him about; but by applying to a man, he and the mob entered into an altercation, whilft he flipped away and got behind Mr. Mafcal. The guard then came up. Mafcal faid, puth forward boys, huzza'd, pulled of his hat, and cried, No Popery!" The mob prefied clofe on the guard. The officer pulled off his hat, and faid, "I will not hurt a hair of your heads," and defired them to difperfe. He foon after faw Mafcal again. A party of about twelve came up with a blue flag towards Mafcal, urging where next." The answer, which he believes was from Mafca!, was Duke! Duke! He was then two yards from Mafcal. He afterwards faw Mafcal going towards Ruffel ftreet, and faw a man prefent a paper to Mafcal, and afk, " Why do you leave out Peterborough and Bristol?" He went out of, and came again inso Ruffel-freet, to the perlon who held the paper in his hand. Mafcal anfwered, They are not left ort, I have not fcratched thera

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out; but do not ftay long in Devonshire, but go to the Bank; there is a million of money to pay you for your pains."

Sir Thomas Mills depofed, "That he was at Lord Mansfield's during the riot, and knows the prifoner by fight. At half paft twelve, on the morning of the 7th, he heard the mob coming up the fquare, being then in Lord Mansfield's houfe. They began by breaking the parlour windows; Lady Mansfield and the ladies came down, and he conducted them to Lincoln's-inn-fields, but inftantly returned in order to make the guards in the fquare act to fave the house. He found the officer with his detachment near the houfe, but the officer faid, the justices of the peace had all run away, and he could not act without a magiftrate. The mob overhearing this, pulled him about, and dragged him towards the fire to throw him on it. One behind cried out, "Mafcal will protect you; there he is." He was then refcued, and faw the prifoner at fome distance from the mob, who were at that time bringing out Lord Mansfield's gowns and wigs -that Mafcal was huzzaing with others, "No Popery," and had a blue cockade. He afterwards went to fearch for a justice, which took up half an hour; it was then a quarter after one, but finding no juftice, he returned. The mob had then got into the library-the witnefs at that time was in the fquare, and faw the prifoner upon the upper ftep of the houfe. He attempted to get up to the steps to expoftulate with the prifoner; three or four well-dreffed men adVOL. XXIII.

vifed him not to go further, left he should be thrown into the area, or the fire, for they were determined to proceed. He then left them, and faw the prifoner no more that night-he returned be. fore three-he cannot in his confcience fay he heard the prisoner Say any thing, faw him do any thing, or have any thing in his hand, but he appeared activeand proved the houfe to be demolifhed."

Mr. Mafcal began his defence by obferving, that the humanity of the English law confidered every man innocent, until he was convicted; and that a jury would certainly confider it neceffary that an inducement should be fhewn fufficient to carry away a man of character and independent bufinefs to act in the manner which had been alledged against him. He had long lived in credit and reputation, and it could not be prefumed that he would, in the face of his neighbours, head a mob of boys, and banditti of pickpockets.

One circumftance, he obferved, deferved peculiar attention from the Jury-Ingram had not given information against him from the 7th to the 17th.

He had witneffes, he faid, to contradict every fact fworn against him; and obferved, how extraordinary it was, that Molloy, who, it appeared by Ingram's evidence, had not departed from him, through the whole courfe of the night, had not been produced against him.

As for Sir Thomas Mills, he hoped his attachments, and the motives which might promote his zeal in this caufe, would have proper weight with the jury. He had [8]

been,

been, on a former occafion, contradicted by five affidavits against his fingle oath.

Baron Skynner faid, that this part of the defence could not be received; he was very forry to interrupt Mr. Mafcal, but what he was going into was highly improper.

Mr. Mafcal proceeded, by urging the improbability of the charge against a man fituated in life as he was. He would fhew by his witnefies that he did not leave his houfe 'till one o'clock in the morning, and at a quarter af. ter one he admitted he was in Bloomsbury - fquare, viewing the fire at Lord Mansfield's houfe. But though he was there, he did not, as had been falfely afferted, flimulate the mob, but deplored and execrated the mifchief they were perpretrating.

His fortune, his character, his life, he threw upon the verdict of the jury cheerfully: not doubting but their verdict would give fatisfaction to every one not interested in procuring his death.

Mr. Mafcal produced feveral creditable witneffes to his character, and to prove his innocence: among others,

John Cowper, cheefemonger, in Queen-treet, Bloomsbury, depofed, he was in Bloomsbury-fquare at one o'clock, and flood about five yards from Bedford - gate. That he was at home at ten minutes past two. He faw Mr. Mafcal there about five minutes after he came-Mafcal flood clofe behind him, and behaved very quietly, but he loft fight of Mafcal about five minutes before he left the fquare. Did not hear Mafcal fpeak to any of the mob, nor any

of the mob fpeak to him, but faw him fpeak to fpectators. Mafcal fpoke to the witnefs and his wife, when the witnefs faid, "Good God! what fhocking work is here!" And when the furniture was thrown out, Mafcal faid, "Good God! what a pity this is !"

Being crofs examined, he faid, he did not change his place many yards while he ftaid-that he faw Mafcal go towards Great Ruffelftreet, towards the Museum.

Mrs. Wood depofed the heard Mr. Mafcal lament the lofs of the furniture-that his conduct was as quiet as her own. She corroborated every circumftance fworn to by the preceding witneffes.

John Robinfon depofed, he was prefent at Bloomsbury at about a quarter paft one, and faw Mascal

that he was there above an hour, and faw him frequently, but could not obferve him to have any thing to fay to the fire, or the riot-faw none of the mob fpeak to him, nor he to any of the mob. That he came voluntarily to give his evidence, being convinced, in his confcience, that Mr. Mascal was innocent of the charge brought against him.

William Crutch depofed, he was, at Lord Mansfield's at twelve o' clock, as he lives near it; he went into the house to give affiftance, but he did not fee Mafcal there, though he faw feveral others very active; and he was in the fquare till near five, a few minutes before the military fired.

The jury, without quitting the court, brought in their verdict Not Guilty; upon which, there was a loud clapping, which the judge highly reproved, and faid, that if

the fame was repeated within his hearing, he would commit the offenders.

Mr. Mafcal, when the jury had given their verdict in his favour; in a fhort speech addreffed himfelf to them and the court, returning them thanks for their candour, attention, and patience.

Baron Skinner faid in reply, that it was the duty of the court to think no time too much to dedicate to the investigation of truth, let the event go either to the acquittal or to the condemnation of a prifoner. The trial lafted feven hours.

Edward Dennis, the Hangman; was found guilty of being active in affifting to demolish the houfe of Mr. Boggis, in New Turnstile, Holborn.

Enoch Fleming and John Morris, (a youth about 15) for deftroying the houfe of Ferdinand Schomberg; in Woodstock-ftreet, Oxford Road. Both found guilty; Morris recommended to mercy.

Tuesday, July 4, Mary Roberts and Charlotte Gardiner, a negro, were indicted for aiding in the demolition of Mr. Lebarty's houfe (already mentioned) and were found guilty, death.

John Gray was found guilty, for aiding to destroy Lord Mansfield's houfe, but recommended to mercy. Richard Forster, guilty, for demolishing Mr. Schomberg's houfe. Wednesday, July 5, John Gamble was indicted for committing depredations in the houfe of David Wilmot, Efq; at Bethnalgreen. Guilty.

George Staples, for demolishing the houfe of Mr. Malo, in Moorfields, June 7. Guilty.

James Bulkeley, for deftroying

the dwelling houfe of Cornelius Murphy, Golden - lane, found guilty, but recommended to mercy. Benjamin Waters, for the fame. Guilty.

Samuel Solomons, for demolishing the dwelling houfe of Chriftopher Conner, in Black-horfe-yard, Whitechapel. Guilty.

Jofeph Marquis, for demolishing Murphy's houfe, Golden lane. Guilty, but recommended to mercy.

Sufannah Clarke, for the fame. Elizabeth Lyons depofed, that on the night of the riot, he did not fee Clarke do any thing, but heard her fay to Walter, one of the mob; "They are Irish Catholics; if . they are not, why do they keep Irish wakes?" Upon which Walter anfwered, That the house shall come down ;" and the mob immemediately forced in, Walter being the firft man that entered, her hufband being prefent at the time. The Chief Baron in his charge faid, "It is a rule of law, that no woman can be charged with any felony committed in the prefence of her husband, the law prefuming that the wife acts under the direction of her hufband; and Murphy, though not in the prefent cafe, has, in two former trials, fworn that the hufband joined with her in the fact." She was found not guilty.

Thursday, July 6, Charles Kent and Letitia Holland, were tried for pulling down Lord Mansfield's houfe, and both found guilty. Holland was an handfome young woman about 18.

William Avery was tried for deftroying Mr. Cox's houfe in Great Queen- ftreet, Lincoln'sInn-fields: he was found guilty; [S] 2

bat

but having a very good character, was recommended to mercy.

John Cabbridge, for ftealing feveral things in the houfe of Mr. Langdale. Guilty.-Sentenced to five years labour on the Thames.

Sarah Hyde, for ftealing a quart pot, the property of Mr. Langdale. Sentenced to be privately whipped.

William Vanderbank, and James and Thomas Prior, for stealing feveral articles, the property of Mr. Langdale. Vanderbank and Thomas Prior guilty, and James Prior not guilty.

Jemima Hall and Margaret Stafford, for ftealing a featherbed, the property of Chriftopher Conner Hall. Was found guilty of fingle felony.

Friday, July 7, Benjamin Boufey, a black, indicted for demolishing Mr. Akerman's houfe. Found guilty.

Francis Mockford, for the fame offence, found guilty; but recommended to mercy.

Thomas Haycock for the fame offence. Found guilty.

John Glover, a black, for the fame offence. Found guilty.

Richard Hyde, for the fame of fence, being proved infane, was aquitted.

Theophilus Brown and Thomas Baggot, were tried for pulling down the houfe of Mary Crook, of White-street, Moorfields. The former was found guilty, and the latter acquitted.

Monday, July ro, James Burn, Thomas Price, and John Thompfon, were indicted for pulling down the house of John Bradbury, in Golden-lane. The two former

were found guilty, and Thompfor was acquitted.

John Burgefs, a boy about 13, found guilty of pulling down the houfe of John Lynch, but recommended to mercy.

James Jackfon, for being the ringleader, and carrying a flag when Newgate was fet on fire. Found guilty.

Jonathan Stacey was indicted for pulling down the houfe of Mr. Dillon, in White-street, Moor-. fields, and found guilty.

This day the feffions ended at the Old Bailey, in the courfe of which, 85 perfons were tried for riots, of whom, 35 were capitally convicted, and 43 acquitted.

The first report was made to the king on Wednesday, July 5, when the following rioters were ordered for execution, near the fpots where the felonies they were guilty of had been committed, viz. William M'Donald, Mary Roberts, Charlotte Gardiner, Wm. Brown, Wm. Pateman, Thomas Taplin, Richard Roberts, James Henry, and Enoch Fleming.

The following were refpited: George Banton, George Kennedy, Wm. Lawrence, Edward Dennis (the hangman), John Morris, Richard Forter, and John Gray.

The fecond report was made on Friday July 14, when the following rioters were ordered for exccution, viz. John Glover, James Jackfon, Benjamin Bowley, Samuel Solomons, John Gamble, Thomas Prince, Benjamin Waters, Jonathan Stacy, George Staples, Charles Kent, Lætitia Holland and John Gray.

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