From this we learn, that Christophe on the 26th of March, 1811, assumed the title of king, and has since surrounded himself with all the usual appendages of royalty. But perhaps we can in no other way give our readers so complete an idea of the state of order and civilization which prevails in Hayti, as by laying before them an analysis of this work. It commences with a calendar for the year, containing all the usual information which calendars are intended to give, and, among the rest, the Saints' Days of the Romish calendar. We have also the Festivals of the Patron Saints of the 54 parishes into which Christophe's dominions are divided, as well as the National Festivals, of which there are seven, viz. the Festivals of Independence; of the Foundation of the Monarchy; of the Coronation of the King and Queen; of the Birth days of the King, Queen, and Prince Royal; and of Agriculture. The calendar is followed by a very brief sketch of the kingdom of Hayti. The principles of the feudal government, we are told, are unknown; but titles of hereditary nobility, and the royal and military order of St. Henry, are the recompences destined for those who devote their lives to the public service, or who shed their blood for their king and country. A great Council of State, and a Privy Council composed of the great dignitaries and other officers of the kingdom, consult on such matters as the king submits to them. The business of the state is conducted by four Ministers, viz. of War and the Marine, of the Finances, of Foreign Affairs, and of Justice; and a Secretary of State. The elite of the army, equipped with the utmost care, forms the Royal Guards. The army itself is inured to war and well disciplined: its battalions are always complete ; its officers of tried valour and skill; and the mili tary employment is that which is the most highly honoured in Hayti: it is the great object of the ambition of parents for their children. "The legislation consists of a code of laws, simple, clear, precise, and adapted to the manners, usages, and character of the people." “ An agricultural code, a thing unexampled among other nations, which it has occupied the main solicitude of the king to form, regulates the reciprocal duties of pros Pijetors, tenants, and cultivators; the police of the plantations; the culture and prepara tion of the different products of the soil and, in short, the whole rural economy of Hayti. The principles of this code are laid in justice, equity, and humanity. The labourers have been restored to the rank of freemen. Industry is encouraged, as the parent of virtue; and idleness repressed by law, as the source of vice. In short, vanished for ever from the soil of flayti.” the traces of the former odious system have The Government does all in its power to encourage agriculture, as the grand source of prosperity. But, besides this, various ma nufactures have been established, with a fair prospect of success. Great attention is paid to morals and manners. Marriage is honoured, protected, and encouraged: no Haytian who is unmarried can fill any place of distinction. Divorce is not per mitted. The Catholic religion has resumed its splendor: the hierarchy consists of an archbishop, three bishops, and a curè in each parish. Great encouragement is held out to foreign merchants to settle in Hayti: the king is ready even to assist them with capital, and many have already received important aid from him. This is, perhaps, in the present day, the only government, which, in consequence of the strict order introduced into the finances, not only owes nothing, but, on the contrary, is a creditor for immense sums." . We now come to the "Livre Rouge," the "Court Calendar," of Hayti. The first chapter is entitled the Royal Family," and gives the usual particulars respecting Sa Majesté Henri Roi d'Hayti et Sa Majesté Marie-Louise Reine d'Hayti; their children, of whom there are "four, two sons and two daughters; and the princes of the blood. We The second chapter contains the names and titles of the great officers of state. give a specimen : "Son Altesse Royale Monseigneur le "Sa Grace Monseigneur le Duc de de Limonade, Ministre des Affaires l'Anse, Grand Aumonier du Roi "M. le Baron de Sicard, Grand Maitre des Ceremonies." The third chapter contains a list of the nobility, consisting, besides the princes of the blood, of three Princes du Royaume," eight dukes, twenty counts, thirty-seven barons, and eleven" chevaliers.” י The fourth chapter gives us the House hold Establishment of the king, queen, prince royal, and pricesses royal, and the king's household troops. We observe here an enumeration of no less than nine royal palaces and eight royal châteaus. One of the palaces is called "Le Palais de Sans Souch," and one of the châteaus, "Le Château des Delices de la Reine.". We find the usual number of chamberlains, ecuyers," secretaries, librarians, pages, grands, veneurs," "aides des ceremonies," governors of palaces, physicians, surgeons, ❤ dames du palais," &c. &c. The " Maison Militaire du Roi" consists of the "Etat Major General," a corps of horse artillery, two companies of body guards, three squadrons of light horse, and a regiment of grenadier infantry, consisting of five bat talions. The fifth chapter contains a list of the grand council of state and the privy council. The grand council of state forms also the bigh court of justice for the trial of royal or poble delinquents, and of public function, aries charged with malversation in office. To it is also committed the trial of treasonable attempts or, conspiracies; and it forms, aporeover, a court of appeal from the infe. rior tribunals. The sixth chapter contains an account of the royal and military order of St. Henry: The order is endowed with an annual income of 300,000 livres. The seventh chapter contains a detail of the different departments of the state, the secretary of state's office, the chancery, the department of war and marine, that of the finances and the interior, that of justice, and that of grand admiral. The The eighth chapter is entitled "The Clergy." Here we are told that the Roman Catholic religion is the only one recognized and publicly exercised at Hayti. Archbishop (who was consecrated by the Archbishop of Palermo) has a chapter, a seminary, and a college, attached to his metropolitan see, which are all well endowed. He has also three archiepiscopal palaces assigned to him. The bishops have each a chapter and a seminary, endowed with considerable revenues. "The royal and parochial church of Sans-Souci," we are told," is a majestic structure, erected by the king, and stands a monument of his royal munificence and piety." The pare. chial duties are stated to require a numerous clergy, but Hayti" stands in need of evangelical labourers." Encouragement is held out to pious priests to repair thither, The Pope has been supplicated to confirm these ecclesiastical appointments. The ninth chapter is entitled the "Military Organization of the Kingdom," and occupies fifty-seven pages. It contains list both of the army and navy; the army consisting of fifty battalions of different arms, and the navy of two rear-admirals, two chefs de division," two " capitaines des vaisseaux," four " capitaines des fregates," &c. The tenth chapter gives a list of the intendants and officers of the finances, customs, &c.; of the surveyors of gardens, waters, forests, buildings; of the directors of the nint; superintendents of weights and measures, &c. The eleventh chapter contains the "Or ganisation Judiciaire;" a list of the "Conr Souveraine," and the barristers and solicitors of the superior courts; of the judges and officers of the courts of admiralty, and parochial jurisdictions; and of the notaries, sure veyors, and auctioneers. The twefth chapter details the regulations of the post-office. The thirteenth chapter is entitled" In struction publique." There is a royal mili. tary school established at Cape Henry, the professors of which are paid by the Govern ment. They teach reading. grammar, gengraphy, history, military tactics, mathematics, drawing maps, fortifications, &c.; and the pupils are trained to all kinds of mili tary exercises. In every town or village of the kingdom there is established a school, where are taught the French and Latin languages, geography, history, mathematics, drawing, and "les arts d'agréinent." The King gives to each ground for a schoolhouse, rewards the most zealous teachers, and gives annual prizes to the most distin, guished scholars. The fourteenth chapter is entitled "Les Beaux Arts," and contains a list of the Royal Academy of Music, and of the "peintres du Roi" The fifteenth chapter gives a list of the performers at the "Theatre Royal;" and the sixteenth, a list of the persons who have charge of the royal breeding studs, and flocks of sheep. The whole closes with an account of the Etiquette of the Court ;"the ceremony of presentations and audiences; of levee days, which are fixed for every Thursday, at ten in the morning; and of drawing-room days, which are fixed at five in the afternoon of the same day. Petitions may be presented to the King, to which an answer will be given on the following Thursday. One of La bienseance ne permet pas que l'on salue personne devant leurs Majestés," the rules is this, 64 This long sketch refers, it is true, exclusively to that part of St. Domingo which is under the government of Christophe; but we are assured, that the organization of that part which is under Petion, though differently and somewhat more modestly constructed, is not less complete. Petion bears the title of President, and shares his power with a popular assembly. No titles of nobility have been adopted by him. There exist, however, the same gradations of military rank, the same distribution of administrative offices, the same care in keeping up and disciplining a military force, and the same solicitude on the grand subject of public instruction. It is to be doubted whether Hayti, if a few years of peace were granted to her, would not possess the most-generallyinstructed population on the face of the globe. Will any man believe, that such a people as this are either to be cajoled or forced into the wearing again of the French yoke? But we are not left to our own conjectures or inferences on this point. General Desfourneaux, indeed, complains of a want of precise information, and pleases himself and the Chamber of Deputies with we know not what absurd and unfounded hope, that not only will the good and loyal chiefs do homage to France, but that the intelligent, the wealthy, the valiant population of St. Domingo, (the swords still in their hands with which they asserted their independence in the hearts'-blood of one of the most numerous and best appointed armies which ever in any period of the world crossed the Atlantic,) will permit a French force to prescribe to them the hours and conditions of labour, and to reinstate the planter and his cart-whip in their former plenitude of abused power;-that they will relinquish, at the bidding of these intruders, proCHRIST. OBSERV. No. 153. perties at least as fairly acquired as those bought in France at the na tional sales and confirmed to the purchasers by the new constitution ;that they will exchange the ease, the comforts, the luxuries, of their present situation-the pride, and pomp, and circumstance of their cies, already too well known, of military array-for the tender merFrench planters, attorneys, managers, overseers, and drivers. But, conjecture on this point. We have we repeat, we are no longer left to seen and read the original dispatch, of which the following is an extract: a dispatch, which would reflect credit, on the bureau of any minister of state in Europe. It is from Le Comte de Limonade, the secretary of state and minister for foreign affairs of Christophe (we beg his pardon, Henry I.), to M. Peltier in London; and is dated from the palace of Sans-Souci, the 10th June, 1814. Sir,-Your dispatches of the 21st of March, 5th of April last, and their duplicates, reached me by the English brig Vigilant, Captain Flannagan, which entered the port of Cape Henry on the 19th of May, and by the Bedford, Captain Stuckfield, and the Smolensk, Captain Jowsey, which entered yesterday, bringing me your Ambigus, Gazettes, and other papers, &c. "I have laid these dispatches before the King, who heard them read with all the attention which they merit. The details which you give us of the great events that have taken place in Europe, and particularly in France, has afforded the King much satisfaction. attentively observed the train of The King, who had retreat of Napoleon from Moscow, events which took place after the and successively those of Germany, had concluded that Napoleon, with people, by a levy en masse, could out the entire support of the French never make head against his nume rous, enemies, who were so much the more formidable, because they were instructed by experience; be 4 L cause they had long standing quarrels to revenge; because the safety and the honour of their thrones were at stake; because they felt the necessity of uniting, to form a mass of active force which nothing could withstand. His Majesty, calculating the immense losses sustained by the French, and the new sacrifices which it would have been necessary to make, foresaw that if Napoleon was not seconded by the people, he would inevitably sink. His Majesty thought, besides, that if Napoleon fell, he would not fail to bury himself under the rains; but his Majesty could never have divined that he would have closed his career in à manner so little worthy of a soldier. His Majesty's prognostics have been partly verified in the subjugation of the implacable enemy of the world; but the repose of the world will never be secure while Napoleon lives. "In the return to philanthropic principles, which the Governments of Europe appear desirous of adopting, his Majesty perceives new means of security to his kingdom. His Majesty, however, since the expulsion of the satellites of Napoleon from the soil of Hayti, has never ceased preparing himself for war, and for the most obstinate resistance, in the event of an invasion of his kingdom. His preparations have been still farther augmented by the complete organization of his troops, the provisioning of his fortresses, and other means of defence; which have been recently taken since the first Overtures for peace between Napoleon and England through the mediation of Austria, which we learned here from the newspapers; and especially in consequence of the various notices and valuable information which you have given us, and which have enabled his Majesty to take all suitable measures. "If, on the one hand, the policy of his Majesty has led him to measures of prudence required by his safety, he has not, on the other, neglected to cause cultivation to flourish, as you will be convinced by the enor mous quantity of colonial produce which issues from the ports of his kingdom. "You must have seen, from various acts of his Majesty's Government, since his accession to the throne, that his Majesty has never confounded the French people with the Governments which oppressed them. To peaceable merchants he has always offered security, protection, and commerce, at the same time that he was determined to repel every kind of enemy who should attempt to reduce us to slavery. "You may declare, sir, as you are now authorized to do, that his Majesty will with pleasure receive the vessels of French merchants which shall be legally cleared out for the ports of Hayti; they shall be protected and treated like the subjects of other friendly powers who trade peaceably with Hayti, provided they punctually conform to the laws of the kingdom. You may give this assurance to the French merchants, and even pubfish it in your journals. "A new order of things arises: his Majesty embraces the consoling hope of finding a just and philanthropic government, which, convinced that force is powerless to reduce as to subjection, will not forget, among our claims, that of having combated its most implacable enemy from the commencement of his reign to his fall, and never having listened to any of those proposals which his agents from all countries have made us. His Majesty flatters himself that he will find humane sentiments in a Sovereign instructed by misfortune. "In our state of uncertainty as to the measures of the new Sovereign of France, with regard to us, we cannot take any direct course or step, as you invited us, until we are positively informed as to his intentions. It is for you, sir, who with unbounded attachment and fidelity have constantly defended the inte rests of the too-long-unfortunate Monarch whom you serve; it is for you, who are much attached to the cause of King Henry, and who possess information respecting this country, to prepare the channels by which the two Powers may come to an understanding for their mutual interest, and the benefit of their respective subjects. When this is done, you need not doubt that his Majesty will listen to such just and reasonable proposals as may be made to him, and will basten to appoint an accredited representative, to stipulate for his interests, and those of his kingdom. "(Signed) DE LIMONADE." The feelings entertained in the south of St. Domingo are not less unequivocal than in the north: witness the following letter from an English merchant of Port-au-Prince, the capital of Petion's government, dated 1st of August, 1814. "The present is to give you some idea of our situation and prospects since the late great change of affairs on the continent. I really anticipate with feelings of horror, the scenes of bloodshed and massacre that must take place in this island, in the event of the French attacking it. The people of this island, according to their present feeling, could not hear with patience any proposal from France inconsistent with principles of independence. I have been on intimate terms with President Petion for years, and can assure you, a more virtuous and amiable man I never knew. He is the idol of the people, and their confidence in him is unbounded: but even he would be removed from power, were he supposed capable of a wish to transfer this colony to France. Our information leads us to expect an attack about December. It has been officially notified by Government, that on the first appearance of the enemy, fire will be communicated to all the buildings in the cities, and every thing destroyed. With this information we have the consoling promise, that whenever the enemy is driven out, and the finances put in order, we shall all be paid our debts and losses. "It is, indeed, a sight that makes humanity shudder, to see the preparations making for the destruction of the cities, and every thing in them, not portable, to the mountains. The arsenals are filled with torches ready to be lighted. If a suggestion is whispered at the Government-house, questioning the policy, the reply is, Look at Moscow; adding, that had Moscow not been destroyed, Napoleon would still remain the despot of Europe.' I confess the reasoning appears sound. For my own part, I hope I shall so far close my affairs, that I shall not be an eye-witness to the tragical scenes that must take place here. The two parties, those of Petion and Christophe, can bring into the field upwards of 60,000 fighting men, in the event of a French invasion; and the soldiers are inured to fatigue and danger. In truth, I have witnessed, in the siege of this city, acts of bravery in whole regiments, that would do honour to the finest troops in Europe. All their forts and strong places in the mountains are filling with cured provisions of the country, and ammunition. Such is the present state of Hayti, and such the preparations making for human destruction, and all under the administration of an enlightened, virtuous man. My soul sinks within me when I contemplate it. The idea of destroying so many human beings, is neither charitable in conception, nor is it easy in execution,' A few months will decide, whether the finest country in the Western World is to become a dreary desert, or a flourishing state." Is it possible that the king of France, himself just escaped from exile, should give his fiat to an attempt to restore slavery in St. Domingo, with the prospect of all the blood and misery which such an attempt 'must occasion? We fear it is. The colonial party are so powerful at Court, and in the House of Peers, that be |