PART me, as to make thofe experiments which might either hazard my life, or prejudice my health.

II.

4.

This place, which had the honour to be a metropolis, now lies defolate, not fo much as inhabited by fhepherds; and so far from the ornaments of God's ancient worship, which renowned it in former ages, that it cannot now boast of an anchoret or hermit's chapel, where God's name is praised or invoked. This is the account given us of Hierapolis by the worthy Sir P. Rycaut.

As Hierapolis lay about fix miles from Laodicea, (which is Of Coloflix. likewife counted by fome a city of Phrygia, but being reckoned by St. John among the feven Churches of Afia, shall therefore be fpoken of, together with them, under Asia,) so it is generally agreed among learned men, that Coloffæ stood at no great distance from Laodicea and Hierapolis, whence we find St. Paul mentioning the inhabitants of these three cities together, in the forecited Col. iv. 13. And that Coloffee was a city of this Phrygia, we are informed by the ancient Greek hiftorian Herodotus, who withal marks out very exactly the very place of its fituation, telling us that it was a great city of Phrygia, ftanding where the river Lycus running under ground difappears; but rifing up again above ground, at about the distance of five ftadia or furlongs, it empties itself into the river Mæander. This city has been long fince quite buried in ruins, the memory of it being now chiefly, if not folely, preferved by the Epistle which St. Paul wrote to the inhabitants thereof, and which is one that makes up the canonical books of the New Teftament.

Of Galatia.

C

The next country, which is mentioned in the course of St. Paul's travels, is Galatia, which joined on to Phrygia, towards the east or north-east. Galatia took its name from the Galata or Gauls, who, leaving their own country Europe, and having ranged over Italy and Greece, paffed over

• Herod. Polyhymn. book vii. p. 251. Steph. edit. 1570.

Acts xvi. 6.

into

IV.

into the Afiatic continent, and brought a great part of it CHA P. under their command. But being broken by Attalus King of Pergamus, and driven out of other parts, they were at laft confined to this country. These Gauls, though mixed with fome Grecians, (who united themselves to them, when they came for the Afiatic continent, whence Galatia is fometimes termed Gallo-Græcia, fometimes Græco-Gallia,) yet are faid not only to have preferved their language, but in a fhort time to have made it the common language of the whole country. And it continued fo till St. Jerom's time, who tells us in the preface to his Commentaries on St. Paul's Epiftle to the Galatians, that it was a language very like to that of the people of Triers or Treves in the European Gaul.

6.

Of Cappa

To the east of Galatia joined Cappadocia, a country mentioned Acts ii. 9. and by St. Peter, who directs his first docia. Epiftle to the dispersed throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Bithynia, and Afia. The people of this country were formerly of very ill report for viciousness and lewdness of life. Hence * they were reckoned the firft of the three worst people which began with the letter K, or in English C, the other two being Cretans and Cilicians. And as they had a fhare in the faid old Greek proverb, fo was a Cappadocian. ufed as a proverbial expreffion for one that was most extremely wicked. However this country, after it had received Chriftianity, afforded very great and worthy men and martyrs, as well as fome very infamous and unworthy men. To pass by the mention of these latter, among the former are juftly reckoned Gregory Nazianzen, and Gregory Nyffen, and St. Bafil, commonly ftyled the Great; all learned and religious Bishops and Cappadocians. And amongst many martyrs of St. George great faith and conftancy, St. George, a noble Cappadocian, faint of the a tribune or colonel of foldiers under Dioclefian, was most order of the Garter, a celebrated in the churches both eaft and weft, and for that noble Cap

• Καππαδόκαι, Κρῆτες, Κίλικες, τρία Κάππα Κάκισα. This was the

the patron

padocian and martyr.

old proverbial verfe.

reason

PART reason was made patron of the order of the Garter by King Edward the Third.

II.

7.

Of Pontus.

8.

St. Paul

comes into Myfia.

9.

As Cappadocia lay to the east of Galatia, fo to the north of it lay Pontus, mentioned together with the former two, both by St. Peter, and the writer s'of the Acts of the Apostles, in the places before cited. Under this name of Pontus was fometime comprehended all the country lying on the south shore of the fea called Pontus, and by way of diftinction Pontus Euxinus, now-a-days the Black Sea. Whether the sea gave name to the adjacent coast, or the coaft to the sea, is not agreed upon, nor worth while to difpute; but the former seems most probable. This was the native country of Aquila, whom St. Paul met with at Corinth, and with whom he abode, they being both of the fame trade. And the first Epistle of St. Peter is by fome ftyled Epiftola ad Ponticos, from Pontus being the first of the countries to whose inhabitants it was sent.

h

Having thus taken notice, in our way, of Pontus and Cappadocia, adjoining to Galatia, and mentioned in the New Teftament, though not in the course of St. Paul's travels; let us now return to St. Paul, whom we left in Galatia; he departing hence, and being forbidden by the Holy Ghost to preach the word at this time in Asia, (for afterwards he preached in Afia for a long time, as we shall fee in the course of his travels; and then we shall speak of Afia; which the Apostle being now forbid to preach in) went into i Myfia, adjoining on the west to Galatia, and fo called, as fome fay, from the abundance of beech-trees growing in it, and called by the Lydians, a neighbouring people, Myfæ. The people of Myfia are noted by Tully, in his Oration for Flaccus, to be despicable and bafe to a proverb.

St. Paul being come into Myfia *, defigned to go from Of Bithynia. thence into Bithynia, a country adjoining to Myfia on the north or north-east, and also to Phrygia on the north; and stretching along the sea which lies between the European and Asia

IV.

tic continents, quite up to the Pontus Euxinus; and fo ad- CHAP. joining to the country Pontus before mentioned on the weft. It is one of the countries, to whofe inhabitants St. Peter directs his first Epistle, in the place above cited. It has been made famous fince the times of the New Teftament for the firft General Council held at Nice, a city thereof, against the Arian herefy, by command of Conftantine the Great; as alfo for the fourth General Council held at Chalcedon, (a place lying on the ftraits of Conftantinople, and out of whofe ruins Scutary has fince rifen,) by the command of the emperor Martianus, for repreffing the herefy of Neftorius. But as to our Apostle, though he purposed to go into Bithynia, yet he did not gʊ, the Spirit not fuffering him. Whereupon paffing by Myfia, he came down to Troas.

St. Paul

Troas was a fmall country lying to the weft of Myfia, upon the fea. It took this name from its principal city, Troas, a comes to fea-port, and built, as is faid, about fome four miles from the Troas. fituation of Old Troy, by Lyfimachus, one of Alexander the Great's captains, who peopled it from the neighbouring cities, and called it Alexandria, or Troas Alexandri, in honour of his master Alexander; who began the work, but lived not to bring it to any perfection. But in following times it came to be called fimply Troas. The name may be understood as taken by the facred writers to denote the country as well as city fo called, but chiefly the latter. Whilft St. Paul was here, a vifion appeared to him in the night, wherein there ftood a man of Macedonia, and prayed him to come over into Macedonia, and help them. Hereupon the Apoftle, affuredly gathering, that the Lord had called him to preach the Gospel in that country, loofed from Troas.

m

PART
II.

II.

From Troas St. Paul fails to Samothracia.

12.

Thence to
Neapolis.

lis.

13.

SECT. II.

Of St. Paul's Voyages and Travels from his departing out of the Afiatic Continent, to his fourth Return to Jerufalem.

T. Paul and his companions loofing from Troas, came

ST

a with a strait course to Samothracia, a small ifland lying on the weft, and off the coaft of Thrace, and fo called to diftinguifh it from the ifle Samos lying over-againft Ionia, of which I fhall have occafion to speak hereafter. The ifle Samothracia is now called Samandrachi, and is faid to be better ftored with commodious harbours, than others in these feas.

b

From Samothracia the Apoftle failed next day to Neapolis, a fea-port reckoned at firft to Thrace, afterwards to Macedonia, as were the adjacent cities and towns, which follow; viz.

Nicopolis, a town feated on the river Neffus, from which Of Nicopo- Neapolis was not far diftant, but higher to the north than Neapolis. This is the city, where St. Paul tells Titus, chap. iii. 12. that he determined to winter, and whither he would have him come to him; if we may rely on the poftfcript at the end of St. Paul's Epifle to Titus, which tells us that the Epiftle was written from Nicopolis in Macedonia. But this place is not mentioned in the courfe of St. Paul's travels. For From Neapolis we are told by the facred writer, that rives at Phi- St. Paul went to Philippi, lying more to the weft, and the chief city of that part of Macedonia, (which being formerly reckoned to Thracia, as lying eaft of the river Strymon, the old middle boundary, was therefore more diftinctly styled Macedonia Thracica, or Thracia Macedonica.) This city took its name from Philip, the famous king of Macedon, who repaired and beautified it. It was afterwards made a Roman colony. Near to it lay the fields thence called Campi Philip

14.

St. Paul ar

lippi.