Ann. S.Afr. Mus. Vol. VII.

Fig. 6. Helichthys Draperi.

Fig. 7. Helichthys Browni.

Fig. 8. Oxygnathus Browni. Fig. 9. Cleithrolepis Minor. Fig.10. Pholidophorus Browni.

Besides the forms I have described, there are evidences of a considerable number of others, but the remains are too unsatisfactory for description.

I must express my indebtedness to Mr. E. S. C. Dyke for taking excellent photographs of the more important specimens.

REFERENCES TO LITERATURE.

(1) A. SMITH-WOODWARD. Brit. Mus. Cat. Foss. Fishes, vol. i., pl. ix. (2) A. SMITH-WOODWARD.

(3) R. BROWN. "On a species of Calacanthus from the Upper Beaufort Beds of Aliwal North," Rec. Albany Mus., vol. i., pt. 5, 1905.

(1) A. SMITH-WOODWARD.

"On Atherstonia, &c., and on a tooth of Ceratodus from the Stormberg beds of the Orange Free State," Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4. 1889.

(5) H. G. SEELEY. "On Ceratodus Kannemeyeri (Seeley)," Geol. Mag., December, 1897.

(6) R. H. TRAQUAIR. "The Ganoid Fishes of the British Carboniferous Forma tions," Palæont. Soc., No. 1, 1877.

(7) R. H. TRAQUAIR. Ibid., No. 2, 1901.

66

(8) A. SMITH-WOODWARD. Further Notes on Fossil Fishes from the Karroo Formation of South Africa," Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 12. 1893.

(9) A. SMITH-WOODWARD. "On two new Lepidotoid Ganoids from the Early Mesozoic Deposits of Orange Free State, South Africa," Q.J.G.S., 44. 1888.

(10) E. SCHELLWIEN.

"Ueber Semionotus Ag," Konigsberg, 1901.

FIG.

REFERENCES TO PLATES XII., XIII.

1. Hybodus africanus. Slightly reduced.

2. Hybodus africanus. Anterior dorsal fin and spine. x.

Calacanibus africanus. Tail. ×

3.

4.

Ceratodus ornatus. Tooth (? mandibular.) × 1.

(8).-Notice of some New South African Fossil Amphibians and Reptiles. By R. BROOM, M.D., B.Sc.

(With one text figure.)

TREMATOSAURUS KANNEMEYERI, n. sp.

The type of this new species is the centre part of a skull received from Dr. Kannemeyer and obtained by him in the Orange River Colony. Posteriorly it is broken obliquely across a little behind the orbits, and in front is broken through about 65 mm. in front of the orbits.

The skull is evidently that of an animal about twice the size of Trematosaurus brauni, and it has probably differed from the type species in having the snout relatively considerably longer.

The orbit measures 31 mm. by 20 mm., and the interorbital measurement is 49 mm. At the back of the orbit the width of the skull is 94 mm., and at transverse plane 60 mm., in front of the orbit 64 mm.

The surface of few of the bones is preserved, but where it is found it is seen to be pitted as in T. brauni, and a groove runs up the snout and passes along nearer to the middle line than to the orbit.

The frontal does not enter the orbital margin, and passes much further forward than in T. brauni, the anterior end being in advance of the portion preserved.

The prefrontal is large, and ends about 55 mm. in front of the orbit.

The postfrontal is long and narrow, and, so far as preserved, fairly similar to that figured by Burmeister in T. brauni.

The postorbital is peculiar. It forms 9 mm. of the orbital margin, but behind the orbit it becomes rapidly constricted till it measures only 4 mm. across, and then slowly widens out till it measures 13 mm. The preserved portion measures 43 mm. in length, and probably at least 10 mm. are missing.

The maxillary teeth are not well preserved. Where preserved they are small and uniform, and 8 occupy 11 mm. The para-sphenoid (vomer) is very narrow.

The resemblances of this South African animal to Trematosaurus brauni are sufficiently great to leave little doubt that both should be placed in the same genus. The Spitzbergen Labyrinthodont recently described by Smith- Woodward as Aphaneramma rostratum has an elongated snout, but is not allied to the South African form.

CAPITOSAURUS AFRICANUs, n. sp.

*

In the highest division of the Beaufort series-the Burghersdorp or Cynognathus beds-remains of a moderate-sized broad-headed Labyrinthodont are rather common. Many fragments of jaws and teeth occur in Mr. Brown's collection, but I had not thought it wise to name the teeth, as there was little doubt that more perfect specimens would be obtained. Last year I was fortunate in discovering the greater part of the skull of this broad-headed form on the farm Vaalbank, near Burghersdorp, and though the specimen is incomplete, enough is preserved to enable one to refer it to the genus Capitosaurus with great probability. A few years ago I described another large flat-headed form from the same beds under the name Cyclotosaurus albertyni, considering with Fraas that it was at least convenient to keep this genus distinct from Capitosaurus. Cyclotosaurus albertyni is the giant Labyrinthodont of the Upper Karroo beds. It occurs at Smithfield, Aliwal North, and Burghersdorp. A large tooth, which does not seem distinguishable from that of C. albertyni, Seeley has recently made the type of a new genus and species.

The form to which I give the name Capitosaurus africanus is only about half the size of Cyclotosaurus albertyni, and differs in having the auditory notch open behind, as in Capitosaurus nasutus and most other Labyrinthodonts. In general it resembles Capitosaurus nasutus, but differs in having the exoccipital condyles nearly hidden by the superficial cranial bones, and in the prosquamosal (supratemporal) being relatively much larger.

As in C. nasutus, the jugal only forms a very small part of the orbit. The prosquamosal is so large that its outer and anterior angle is almost on the plane of the back of the orbit. The distance from the posterior border of the postparietal (" supraoccipital") in the middle line to the posterior border of the parietal is greater than the distance from the posterior border of the parietal to the pineal

* Mr. du Toit is inclined to regard the Burghersdorp beds as including both the Cynognathus beds and the Procolophon beds. Lithologically it is doubtful if a distinction can be drawn, but the faunas are very different.