now pervading the community, the disarrangement of the currency, the depression of commerce, manufactures and the mechanic arts, the low price of agricultural products, and the almost total suspension of our public improvements. 5. That we have neither faith in the motives, nor hope from the result of the President's experiment, to substitute a number of scattered Banks for a single National Institution. It has already failed of its ostensible objects; and we fear it is a means by which the whole monied power of the country, may be placed at the disposal of a corrupt Executive. 6. That public confidence cannot be restored, nor the National honor kept sacred, without an immediate order for the restoration of the deposits to the Bank of the United States. 7. That the veto power, now claimed and exercised by the President of the United States, is a gross perversion of the original design of the framers of the constitution, in conferring a veto power upon the chief magistrate of the nation. Pennsylvania, we behold in the present conduct of those who rule the executive of this country-a plan to destroy the present Bank of the United States, and after the term of service of General Jackson shall expire, the certainty of establishing another Bank, to be located out of the State, whose stock will be divided among the members of an ascendant regency, whose management and direction will be made subservient to the ambition and intrigues of political aspirants, and whose consummation will finally complete the experiment of trying to unite the purse and the sword in one hand. Resolved, That this meeting firmly believe that the citizens of this commonwealth, have been perfectly satisfied with the paper currency, existing in Pennsylvania, since the establishment of the Bank of the United States, that they have desired no change in it, and that if any change shall be made, they do most earnestly deprecate, the substitution of the New York Safety Fund System, by which a bank is authorized to issue notes to the amount of $349,470, while it possesses in specie, in its vaults, no more than the sum of $3,658! to redeem 8. That the conduct of the President and those who all the notes, issued by it and circulated in the commusupport him in Congress, or elsewhere, exhibit a deter-nity, as the representatives of a solvent and specie paymination to place his will above the opinions or interests of the people, and thus to convert our once free and happy republic into an absolute and oppressive despo tism. ing Bank. Resolved, That we do solemnly protest against the friends of Gen. Jackson, assuming to themselves the title of the Pennsylvania Democracy, when they have 9. That looking to the practice of men, and not to avowed that we will support the opinions of one man, their proceedings, we cannot recognize the Jacksonwhether right or wrong," and we do conscientiously party, a party ruled by the will of one individual whom they consider born to command, as the Democracy of the country. 10. That in the independent portion of our fellow citizens who have arrayed themselves against Executive usurpation, who compose a large majority of the bone and sinew of the nation, and with whom we are proud to be numbered, we recognize the true friends of the people and therefore the only real Democratic party. 11. That the present crisis demands of every citizen, who loves the constitution, and would preserve the liberties of his country, the utmost firmness and devotion in the common cause. When the highest and dearest interests of all are threatened, none can refuse his labor and his voice-where all is at stake, every thing must be periled-every thing dared to save it. 12. That as a means of concentrating the efforts of all who agree with us in opinion throughout the state, and making that opinion felt hereafter at the polls, we approve cordially of the proposed convention to be held at Harrisburg on the 22d day of May next. 13. That to the present Congress, we look for an exercise of independence worthy the crisis, and of the trust committed to its care. Of that Congress we demand the safety of the republic. 14. Resolved, That it is the right of the people to have access at all times to their servants, however high their stations-that to deny such access savours of roy alty-and does not comport with the plain manners and republican habits of a republican people. 15. Resolved, That in the opinion of this meeting, the Congress of the United States ought not to adjourn until they shall have provided effectually for the relief of the distresses of the country, vindicate the constitution and laws so wantonly violated, asserted the dignity and authority of the representatives of the people, and secured the constitution and the currency against the lawless tampering of the executive, so that hereafter the well defined boundaries of our Republican institutions may be respected in practice, and the happiness of the nation not be made the sport of the will or passions of one man, After an address from Samuel W. Rush, Esq:-Col. C. J. Jack, offered the following resolutions, which were adopted. Resolved, That as members of a great confederacy, we abjure all sectional jealousies, but that as citizens of believe, that if General Jackson should this day public- ferent trades:- By the Painters of the city and county. By the Builders of the City and County. Resolved, That the amount of present and prospective employment for all branches of industry connected with the erection of buildings in the city and county of Philadelphia, has been affected to the extent of 75 per cent, compared with last year's business, by the present disastrous and ruinous measures of Andrew Jackson. Resolved, That it is the solemn and deliberate conviction of those whose employment depends upon the erection of buildings, that the immediate restoration of the deposites, and the recharter of the U. S. Bank, are the only means by which confidence can be restored, lost faith recovered, and the late cheering prospect which animated and diffused its blessings throughout the whole community, regained. Resolved, That the declarations of the representative to Congress, from Montgomery county, that the mechanics and labourers have hitherto been too highly fa voured—that their prosperity has been too great-that the bank has afforded them too many facilities-that they have been adding house to house, and that it is time they were put down, merits, and should receive the scorn and contempt of freemen, and indicates a mind so sordid, narrow and selfish, and so disgraceful to the feelings of humanity, and revolting to every sentiment of the heart, that we are almost constrained to ascribe them to the ravings of a maniac, rather than the expressions of a sane and thinking mind. Resolved. That we now earnestly call upon all our fellow citizens to aid us, e'er it is too late, in our endeavours to put down, as speedily as possible, the alarming power claimed by the present chief magistrate, and to prevent, if possible, the prostration of our interests being consummated to satisfy the unbounded ambition of a military despot. The committee take occasion to say, the foregoing expressions ascribed to Joel K. Mann, of Montgomery county, were used by him to a part of the builders' committee, late on a visit to Washington. By the Hatters. Resolved, That it is degrading to freemen, to wear the collar, or drag the chains of any man, whatever may have been his claims, upon the veneration and gratitude of the people. That we behold in the blind servility of the supporters of Andrew Jackson, and his unprincipled warfare upon the currency of the country, not only a surrender of the dignity and the rights of freemen, but also, a basis on which, some political aspirant, may erect a despotism, which shall crush the last refuge and hope of freedom. That the people assembled here, disclaiming all party considerations, pledge themselves as citizens of our common country, never to relax their efforts, until the supremacy of the Constitution and laws shall be acknowledged, and the protection of the government secured, in support of a sound and uniform currency, the sinews of the enterprise, wealth and prosperity of a nation of freemen, and we earnestly entreat the independent yeomanry of the country, to elect honest men, to represent them in Congress; that the President, may no longer be able to Veto the passage of Laws, enacted for the promotion of the general welfare. By the Gold and Silver Artificers Watch Makers, and other branches of the Trade. Resolved, That when the time arrives for an expression of our opinions by the Ballot Box-that we here declare our determination, to support no individual for office, who will not unite with us in tearing aside the flimsy veil which conceals the "Kitchen Cabinet," and expose them in all their naked deformity to the eyes of the nation, as objects fit only for the scorn and contempt of mankind. By the Cordwainers. This day, 22 years ago, was the great earthquake, at Carraccas, and the meeting this afternoon, will cause a great earthquake with politicians according to interests, therefore, Resolved, that we, the Cordwainers of the city and county of Philadelphia, considering the name of Democrat, substituted for man worshiper, or going the whole hog, as deviating from the principles of 98, do agree as Republicans, to support principles instead of men, and shall consider this day as the beginning of the Second Republican era, of this country. It was resolved, that the President of this meeting have power to appoint a committee of correspondence. On motion, it was resolved, that the meeting approve of the delegates chosen by the city and county to the convention to be held at Harrisburgh, on the 29th of May. They are as follows: John Sergeant, John M. Scott, John S. Riddle, Wm. M. Meredith, FOR THE CITY. Daniel Groves, Joseph Murray. It will be 23 years the 23d day of May next since I moved into Potter county. Old Mr. Ayres was in the county at that time; and had been in the county about five years alone. In the fall before I came, three families, (Benjamin Birt, Major Lyman, and a Mr. Sherman,) moved to the county. The East and West State Road was cut out the year before I moved in. It was very lonesome for several years; people would move in, and stay a short time, and move away again. It has been but a few years, since settlers began to stick. I made some little clearing, and planted some garden seeds, &c, the first spring. We brought a small stock of provisions with us. On the 3d day of July, I started with my two yoke of oxen, to go to Jersey shore, to mill, to procure flour. I crossed Pine-Creek eighty times, going to, and eighty times, coming from mill; was gone eighteen days, broke two axletrees to my wagon, upset twice, and one wheel came off in crossing the creek. Jersey shore was the nearest place to procure provisions, and the road was dreadful. The few seeds that duce. We however raised some half grown potatoes, I was able to plant the first year, yielded but little prosome turnips and soft corn, with which we made out to live, without suffering till the next spring. At planting time, when I planted all the seeds that I had left; and leaks, cow cabbage and milk. We lived on leaks, and when I finished planting, we had nothing to eat but cow cabbage, as long as they kept green, about six weeks,-my family consisted of my wife, and two children, and I was obliged to work though faint for want of food. The first winter the snow fell very deep. The first winter month it snowed 25 days out of 30, and during the three winter months it snowed 70 days. I sold one yoke of my oxen in the fall, the other yoke I wintered on browse, but in the spring, one ox died, and the other I sold to procure food for my family, and was now destitute of a team, and had nothing but my own hands to depend upon to clear my lands and raise provisions.— We wore out all our shoes the first year, we had no way to get more, no money, nothing to sell, and but little to eat, and were in dreadful distress for the want of the necessaries of life. I was obliged to work and travel in the woods barefooted. After a while our clothes were worn out, our family increased, and the children were nearly naked. I had a broken slate that I brought from Jersey shore. I sold that to Harry Lyman, and bought two fawn skins, of which my wife made a petticoat for Mary; and Mary wore the petticoat till she out grew it, then Rhoda took it, till she out grew it, then Susan had it till she out grew it, then it fell to Abigail, and she wore it out. For several years my small crops were much injured by frosts, and fruit trees would not grow well, but for several years past,my crops have been seldom injured by frost, and my fruit trees grow and bear remarkably wellMy land was given to me by John Keating, (50 acres.) I have now 16 acres only of cleared land on this farm. My crops, late years, turn out to my entire satisfaction. I generally get from 30 to 50 bushels of corn to the acre, and from two ton, to two ton and a half of hay to the acre, other crops in proportion, except wheat, I have had but few good wheat crops. I have now eleven in my family, have 16 head of neat cattle, 29 sheep, and have sustained some losses. My family have always been healthy here, and all that I have now, I have made here by hard work. I make my sixteen acres of cleared land produce the value of from 250 to 350 dollars per annum, in grain and hay. I have bought and paid for 50 acres, about 8 miles up the river, on which I have 8 acres cleared; on that farm I raise excellent wheat and rye. We make from 9 to 12 cwt. of tub sugar each spring, from about 300 trees.We made one year, from 37 trees, 3 cwt. of tub sugar. I have on this farm, about 150 bearing apple trees, and 40 plumb trees. I have endured great hardships here, but it is a healthy country; the water is pure, the land if well tilled produces good crops; the country has hitherto settled very slow, but population and improvements are increasing rapidly, and the prospects of the country are very encouraging, and I am perfectly contented with the country-and any steady, sober and industrious man can do well enough in this county. A poor man can go on to a new farm here and pay for it out of the proceeds of the crops, much quicker than he can buy a farm in an old settled country. I raise on my small farm an abundance of all the necessaries of life, and have always something to spare. Our children often cried for bread during the first years of our settlement here, but we have now bread enough and to spare, and all other needed temporal comforts, wherewith we are all contented and for which I hope we render a daily tribute of heartfelt gratitude. For 23 years I have had no law suits, have not been a witness in any law trial, and have given but one note. I am a man of weakly constitution, but I think I have proven by fair demonstration that by industry and economy a man may live in Potter county. The morals of the people have improved in proportion to the improvement of the country; until within a few years past, Potter county seemed to be a sink of iniquity; drunkenness and profanity, gambling, and Sabbath breaking, were the leading features of the state of society; but the scene is now happily changed, and enterprise, industry, sobriety, peace and good order, and religion, have gained the ascendency. We now raise buildings without a drop of spirits being drank on the occasion, without any broils and contention, and without an oath. We have stated preaching, by different denominations, at Coudersport, and the Sabbath day is generally regarded. I am now in my sixty third year, and am about to settle all my concerns for time and for eternity. I have endeavoured to do my duty in all things-deal justly with all, and wrong no man-and if any man can say that John Peat owes him aught-that he has ever oppressed the poor-turned the stranger and needy away empty-pinched the hireling of his wages-or in any other way wronged any person-let him come forward and I will make satisfaction, to the utmost of my power, as I wish to go down to my grave in peace. JOIN PEAT. From the Ebensburg Sky. has attached to it an endless rope of five thousand nine hundred and fifty feet, by which the cars are to be raised up from and let down, along the inclined plane, to the level below. The Turnpike road crosses this plane by a neat and substantial bridge, from which the passing traveller will often view, with admiration and delight, the apparent ease, the expedition and regularity with which heavy trains of cars will be drawn, to the summit of the Allegheny, by the powerful engine at the head of the plane. If he has passed over the mountain at that place a few years since, he will be astonished at the contrast. Then the mountain was surrounded with great difficulty by a steep and rugged road, now, it is ascended by a smooth and regular Rail way. Then, the heavy teams labored long and arduously to bring up a light load, now immense burdens can glide swiftly up under the almost magical influence of steam. So far as yet tried all the engines work well, and the manner of their arrangement and performance fully meets the expectations and wishes of all concerned. The machinery for regulating the speed of the engines, will give to the engineers perfect control over the velocity of descent, and will give full security against the occurrence of any accident. With ordinary care in attaching the cars to the ropes, there can be no risk to passengers or property in either ascending or descending the planes. After the above was in type we received the notice of Mr. Jones, the superintendent, which is published in another column. By it, it will be seen that our anticipations will be realized at an early day. On Tuesday next the cars will be placed upon the rail way and operations thereon be commenced. Extract from Mr. Jones' Notice. To be charged upon the Portage Rail Road. For each burden, or property car, inde- For children between six and twelve years 2 80 1 0 5 For all property conveyed on the Rail Road, double the rates of toll chargeabie on the canal. S. JONES, Supt. Office of the Portage Rail way Hollidaysburg, March 12, 1834. THE FIRST BOAT.-On Friday last, the Canal Boat "Velocity," Capt. Hill, was loosed from her winter moorings, brought up to one of our wharves, and loaded, and the next day (Saturday March 8,) started for Johnstown. Last year, the first boat left this place, (also for Johnstown,) about the 21st of February, but a change in the weather, immediately afterwards, put a stop to the navigation, which was not recommenced until the 16th of March, so that the boating season commences this year, eight days earlier than it did last year.-Blairsville Rec. March 12. The water has been let into the canals both east and west of the mountains and the boats will now commence FIRST ARRIVAL BY THE PORTAGE.-We have, to their regular trips. The Portage Rail Road is nearly day the pleasure to announce the arrival of the first lot ready to receive the cars. We may then expect an ac- of goods, by the way of the Portage Rail Road. Upon tive business. The stationary engines will be complet-reference to the note from the Collector's Office, it will ed and the ropes laid upon the planes in a few days. All except one, will be finished this week. We have had an opportunity of seeing the engine at plane number six, near Lemmon's tavern in full operation, This engine is placed at the highest summit, and be seen that the Packet Boat General Lacock, Captain Craig, arrived this morning from Johnstown, with goods in thirteen days, from Philadelphia. These goods could now be sent to Detroit or St. Louis, before the New York Canal is opened.—Pittsburgh Gazette of March 24. 23,141 20 Campanius's history of New Sweden, has been published. In the same volume is a full account of the University of Pennsylvania, by Dr. Wood:-also several interesting letters from Wm. Penn. The work may be had of M'Carty & Davis, and will be found interesting. On the 22d instant, the old Merchants' Coffee House, in Second street, next to the Bank of Pennsylvania, was 124,927 31 so much injured by fire, as to render the removal of the books and papers to the new Exchange, necessary: -so that this beautiful building was then opened—ra. ther earlier than was intended. It has been visited during the week by many ladies, who were publicly in139,361 22 vited to view this splendid establishment, which is truly an ornament to our city. A description of this building will be published hereafter. June 20 $24,645 76 March 20 42,725 27 Sep. 20 28,829 12 Dec. 20 44,662 31 1832. 93,552 40 78,063 60 $8,751 06 Thus, it will be seen that there has been a rapid decline in business. The difference between the receipts of 1831 and 1833, is upwards of sixty thousand dollars. The Memoirs of the Pennsylvania Historical Society It has been stated in the papers, that Coal has been found in Bucks county, and Gold in York county, in this State. A gentleman conversant with these matters, informs us, that the former has as yet been discovered only in small quantities—rather as a curiosity, than as one of much importance-and that although he has not heard of the gold in York county-yet he says, he has himself found it in the State. These indications, however, ought to shew the necessity of a geological survey of the State, which has often been pressed upon the attention of the Legislature-at last session a bill was introduced authorizing such a survey-but was referred for final decision to the present session; we do not recollect to have seen, that the subject has been attended to as yet. We hope it will be acted upon, and agreed to, before the adjournment. It is of great importance, in our view. On Wednesday evening, Professor W. R. Johnson delivered the introductory lecture to a course on Electricity, to a crowded assembly. This course will consist of twelve lectures, (on Thursday and Friday evenings, at half past 7 o'clock, price of tickets, $3,) to be delivered at his school room, in St. James' street. The splendid apparatus, and the well known qualifications as a lecturer, of Professor J. are a sufficient guaranty, that those who desire to obtain information on this important and interesting science, cannot fail to be instructed as well as entertained. It is highly creditable to our city, that so many opportunities are afforded, of attending able lectures on scientific subjects, of which we are happy to find so many of our citizens, especially the younger portion of them, availing themselves. The lectures at the Franklin Institute, by Dr. Mitchell on Chemistry, Professor Johnson on Natural Philosophy, Dr. Emerson on Meteorology, and Mr. Millington on Astronomy, have been well attended during the winter. Printed every Saturday morning, by Wm. F. Geddes, to which we alluded in a late number,' as containing No. 9, Library street, Philadelphia. HAZARD'S REGISTER OF PENNSYLVANIA. PENNSYLVANIA. DEVOTED TO THE PRESERVATION OF EVERY KIND OF USEFUL INFORMATION RESPECTING THE STATE. VOL. XIII.-NO. 14. EDITED BY SAMUEL HAZARD. PHILADELPHIA, APRIL 5, 1834. NO. 326. REPORT ON THE COAL TRADE. (Continued from page 197.) The third, or WYOMING and LACKAWANNA Coal field, Is situate wholly in Luzerne county, and constitutes about one-fifth of its territory. Occupying a central position in the county, it bears nearly an east and west course, and terminates near the line of Wayne county on the east, and Columbia county on the west. Like the first and second coal fields, it is confined between two parallel mountains, or rather enclosed by a continuous mountain, extending entirely around the coal deposit. It is about sixty-five miles in length, averaging about five miles in width. Being the widest at the centre, and growing narrower as the barrier or boundary contracts towards either end, it assumes, like the other fields, the shape of a longitudinal trough, or canoe. Its boundary is progressively termed the Moosick, Lackawanna, Dial, Wilkesbarre, Nanticoke, Shickshinny, and Capouse mountains. The coal beds of this region vary from one foot to thirty feet in thickness, and are generally more accessible than those of the other fields, being exposed in innumerable places, by deep ravines, abrupt precipices, and small streams, and in some places form the bottom of the river Susquehanna and the Lackawanna.-The Pennsylvania canal passes through them at several points, and at others the coal may be precipitated from the mines by means only of a chute or slide of boards, directly into the canal boats. This coal formation is well defined, and its geological character more extensively and advantageously known than that of either of the other regions, having recently been explored by Professor Silliman, a gentleman of eminent science and intelligence. The strata would appear to run transversely across the valley, forming a series of eliptical curves, and dipping from either side of the boundary in the direction of the waters. The coal is heavier and harder than that of the other two deposits. Arks, laden with this coal, have been known to sink in the Susquehanna, and after remaining under water until the freshet had subsided, it has been taken out without sustaining any loss from decomposition. It is generally thought to be not quite so free of ignition, but when ignited, the heat is intense and its endurance greater. To the eye of the passing or superficial observer, there would appear to be little if any variance in the general appearance and characteristic features of these three coal fields, excepting only in one particular-and that difference is a striking and interesting one: The first and second fields present a thin, barren, sterile soil, peculiar to our mountain lands-small portions of it only being susceptible of cultivation—although it is said to be generally nutritious and producing fine gardens. The third field presents a rich, deep loam, embracing the beautiful and fertile valley of Wyoming, and one of the most productive and excellent agricultural districts in Pennsylvania. Alike rich in its agricultural productions as abundant in its mineral trea sures, the same acre of land may furnish employment for both the agriculturist and the miner. While the farmer is occupied upon the surface, at the handles of the plough, in preparing the rich soil for its seed, or the field, waving with rich luxuriance, bends before the sickle, the miner, like the antipodes of another region, may be actively engaged in the interior, beneath his feet, in mining and bringing forth the long-hidden treasures of the earth. The different branches of industry, therefore, may here not only be placed side by side, but literally one on top of the other. The existence of coal in this region was known at a very early day, and long before it was discovered in either of the other fields. It was used before the period of the revolution, and its present and prospective value may have tended to stimulate the long and direful conflicts, for the jurisdiction of the soil, in which the valley was strewed with the bones of its patriotic defenders. In the years 1775 and 1776, several boat loads of coal were taken down the Susquehanna, and hauled to the United States' armory at Carlisle, for the manufacture of arms. This coal was taken from a bed belonging to the late Judge Hollenback, one mile above Wilkesbarre, near the mouth of his mill creek. The same bed has recently been opened, at the place pointed out by the Judge in his life time, and upon removing the earth, the marks of the tools were plainly percepti. ble in the coal seam. In 1768, it was first used by Obadiah Gore, a blacksmith, who came into the Wyo. ming valley, as a Connecticut settler; and having suc ceeded in using it in his shop, it soon became the only fuel used by the blacksmiths in the valley. It was first used in a grate by Judge Fell, of Wilkesbarre, in 1808, who, to use his own language, conceived the idea, that if a body of this coal were ignited and confined together, it would burn as fuel; and to try the experiment, he had a grate constructed for the purpose, eight inches in depth and twenty-two inches long, and the coal, after being ignited in it, burned beyond the most sanguine expectation." The Lackawanna river, taking its rise in the higher lands of Susquehanna and Wayne counties, breaks into the third coal field at the north-east end, and passing through the heart of the basin, unites with the Susquehanna at Pittston; or, rather, the Susquehanna unites with it-for it would appear more probable, that at a time long gone by, the Susquehanna has forced itself through the northern boundary, now termed the Dial mountain, above Pittston, and taken the course of the Lackawanna, emptying at the same time the contents of some vast lake above, into the Lackawanna and Wyoming valleys; thus covering the whole coal formation with its present rich alluvial deposit. This hypothesis is strengthened by the facts, that the alluvial soil is found to extend up the valley of the Lackawanna nearly as far as Carbondale, and, it is believed, upon the same elevation with the mountain barrier below Shickshinny creek, where the Susquehanna, pursuing the course of the Lackawanna, breaks through the southern boundary; and which, it is supposed, may have dammed back or retained, for a time, the contents of the lake. The soil toward the lower end, as at Shawny flats, &c. is finer, or of a more loamy and sandy nature; while farther up, as between Kingston |