time entered as active causes, mixed indeed, as love of power and pride of place are often mixed, with the sense of inherited responsibilities and zeal for the kingdom of God;-if, I say, spiritual ideals and motives of human infirmity, spiritual forces and unscrupulous worldly methods, have combined to build up little by little the great fabric of papal claims, our practical conclusion is not doubtful. The Papacy is part of the externals of the Christian faith, not a product of its deeper inward life; part of the changing garb which the Church of God must wear in the changing ages of human history, not of the indestructible identity of the faith which "overcometh the world," the same yesterday, and today, and for ever.

"Velut amictum mutabis eos, et mutabuntur:

Tu autem idem ipse es, et anni tui non deficient.
Ipsi peribunt, tu autem permanebis.1"

The Papacy has forgotten much that S. Paul knew and taught, has ignored many wholesome and true instincts which were alive and active in the early Church. But it has preserved much, and to what it has preserved it can still give energetic effect and expres

1 Heb. i. II, 12.

sion. It has done much evil, but also much good; and it will doubtless live on for many centuries with much power for good, with a true mission to great portions of mankind. But not to all. Those elements of the faith which Rome has lost are not dead, but living, and will assert their own, and find vehicles for their effectual work among Christian men, independently of Rome. The Papacy is a great product of human history and of human nature, and judged as such attracts our interest, our respect, our admiration. But looked at as claiming to be the sole embodiment of the kingdom of Christ on earth and the will of God for man, it stands before us a great image, whose feet are iron mixed with clay.

OXFORD: HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY.

259

Adrian VI, Pope, 192.

INDEX.

Alexander of Alexandria, 116, 161.

Alexander III, Pope, 196.

Alexandria, jurisdiction of, 240; Roman claims over, 234,

244.

Ambrose, S., quoted, 173.

Andrewes, Bp., quoted, 7; his controversy with Bellar-

min, 33.

Anicetus of Rome, 131, 225.

Antioch, Synods of, 113 f., 156; the schism at, 251.

Apiarius, case of, 248.

Apollinaris of Hierapolis, quoted, 112.

Appeals to Rome, growth of, 246 f.

Arianism, rise of, 161, 238.

Ariminium, Council of, 177, 185.

Arles, Council of, 117, 160, 237; called plenary by

S. Augustine, 176.

Arnoul of Reims, 196 b.

Articles of Religion, Du Pin on the Sixth, 19; Twenty-
first, 77, 186, 189.

Athanasius, S., on the Council of Nicaea, 167 n., 169 f.;
his relations with Julius of Rome, 242; quoted, 17, 61 f.
Augustine, S., on the authority of Scripture, 18, 119; on
the authority of Councils, 118, 174, 238; summoned
to the Council of Ephesus, 123; quoted, 45, 113.
Aurelian, the Emperor, 158 n., 236.

Authority, its necessary limitations, 5 f.; its different
degrees, 42, 99.

of the Church, 82; its reasonableness, 89 f.; the
Roman conception of, 87 f.; Hooker on, 195.
Authority (The) of General Councils-Summary, 144.

T

Ballerini, quoted, 150 n., 191 n.

Baptism, controversy on, 116, 230.

Basil, S., on Tradition and Scripture, 46; on S. Atha
nasius, 128.

Bellarmin, his controversy with Andrewes, 33; what con-
stitutes a General Council, 182.

Beryllus of Bostra, 113.

Beveridge, Bp., quoted, 189.

Bible (The) presupposes the Church, 11; how used by
the Church, 13-27; the ultimate criterion of the
Church's teaching in matters of faith, 19 f., 119; the
position of the English Church with regard to, 28 f.;
of the Roman Church, 29 f.; of Chillingworth and
others, 36 f.; the Canon of the Bible, 45, 152; what
is meant by the "Christian Bible," 48.

Bible The) in the Church-Summary, 4.

Bishops the successors of the Apostles, 104 f.; the normal

organ of the Church's voice, 145, 146 n.; their au-
thority based on witness, 131, 147; their authority,
joint and individual, 229.

growth of priority amongst, 213, 235, 239 f., 253.

Bossuet, quoted, 90, 147, 150 n., 192.

Burnet, Bp., quoted, 186.

Canon of Scripture, 45, 152.

Carthage, Councils of, 45, 117, 152, 155, 231.

Cassander, quoted, 31 n.

Celestine, Pope, and the case of Apiarius, 248.

Chalcedon, Council of, 175, 253.

Chillingworth, his view of the function of Holy Scrip-

ture, 36 f.

Chrysostom, S., on the use of Holy Scripture, 15 f., 23 f.
His guidance to an inquirer, 90.

Church (The and Synagogue, 48.

Church (The) represents Christ in the world, 10, 55 f.;

existed before there was a Christian Bible, 11; her

use of the Bible, 13; must guard the deposit, 55;
cannot reveal new truth, 32, 59 f.; is the judge in
controversies of faith, 68; but can only judge ac-
cording to her witness, 73 f.

Clarke, R. F., quoted, 32, 48, 66.

Clement, Epistle of, its imperative yet impersonal tone,214.
Clementines, quoted, 107, 128, 209 n., 222.
'Communicatory letters,' 127.

Constance, Council of, 192.

Constantine, his position, 157 f., 236; appealed to by the
Donatists, 158; follows the precedent of Aurelian,
158 n., 236; convenes the Council of Arles, 160, 238;
and Nicaea, 162, 238 f.; his object to make an end
of controversy, 163; his view of the Council, 163,
168 n.; recognized that the bishops were the judges,
190.

Constantinople, see of, rises to be patriarchal, 133, 253;
first Council of, 172, 178, 253.

Convenire ad, true meaning of, 218 f.

Convocation, Canon of, on preaching, 28.

Cornelius of Rome, 126, 130.

Councils. See Synod, General Councils, Nicaea, Car-
thage, &c.

Creeds (The) contain the fundamental doctrines, 20;
limit the Bishop's magisterium, 120.

Cyprian (S.) on the independence of Bishops, 105; his
contest with Stephen, 116, 230 f.; on the Roman
Church, 229; quoted, 110, 128, 132, 147 n.

Cyril (S.) of Jerusalem, on the authority of Holy Scrip.
ture, 18; on Scripture and the Creeds, 40; his position
with regard to the Nicene Creed, 168.

D'Ailly, Cardinal, on the authority of Councils, 135;
their fallibility, 185.

Damascene, S. John, on the authority of Holy Scrip-
ture, 18.