the Turks fettled there firft, and afterwards broke through the Cafpian Streights, and fettled in Armenia, about A. D. 844. At that Time the Cafpian Sea was froze over 13 Foot deep, and Men walked 100 Miles on the Ice of it. A Kingdom or Province of Zagathaian Tatary, lying between Great Tatary and the Empire of the Great Mogul on the Eaft of Cathay or Catha, having Tataria Propia on the North; and Indoftan on the South, and on the East Side of the Cafpian Sea. Some take it to be the Kingdom of Thebet, in the faid Tatary. Here, the Emperors of the Turks, who are defcended from the antient Turks of Tatary.

(i) Bizantium; from Bizas, the Captain of the Megarean Fleet, the firft Founder of it: It was firft called Lygus, from its Founder; afterwards repaired by Paufanias King of Sparta, about A. M. 3307. An antient City of Thrace, and the laft in Europe on the Bosphorus Thracius (See B. II. 1018.) It was deftroyed by Sept. Severus, after a Siege of three Years, and turned into a Village, about A. D. 196, to punish the Citizens for revolting; but rebuilt, enlarged and beautified by Conflantine the Great, who made it the Royal Seat of the Roman Empire, which proved the Ruin of it, and commanded it to be called New Rome, A. D. 300. But it is commonly called after him

It

Conftantinople, i. e. The City of Conftantine. It was alfo called Parthenopolis, Gr. i. e. The City of the Virgin; because it was dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The Turks call it Stamboul; which they fay fignifieth Fair, Peace, and Plenty. answers to these Properties indeed; but Stamboul or Iftambol is corrupted for Eiften polin, Gr. i. e. Into the City, and commonly the Port; because it is the greatest and finest Port they have, or perhaps is in the World; being frequented by Merchants from all Parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa continu ally. Muhammed II. took it from the Greeks, A. D. 1453, and fince it has been the grand Seat of the Turkish Empire: It yields the fairest Prospect without of any City, but the meaneft within: It is 900 Miles from Rome, 1460 off Paris, 1570 from London, 1850 from Madrid and 1000 from Mof

cow.

(k) Negus, Negus, Neguz; Ethiop. i. e. Emperor. The Emperor of Abiffinia in Upper Ethiopia; a Title which the Abiffines bestow upon their Prince.

(1) Erroco, Erquico, Arquien, and by others Erroco; Ethiop.

It is a Sea-port Town of Ethiopia on the Red Sea, near the Perfian Ocean, with a fine Harbour and a very good Trade, and was the outmost Boundary of the vaft Abyffinian mpire, to the North East of Africa.

(m) Mombaza, Monbaza, or Mombazza; Arab. For this, and feveral Cities on that Coast, were built by a Colony of the Arabs, who about A. D. 930, fettled a Trade there. A very large and wealthy City, having a good Trade, and is the Capital of a fmall Kingdom of the famé Name, in a little Island, 12 Miles in Compass; 70 Miles from Melind, 150 Leagues from Quilod, near the Line, in the Eaftern Ocean; fubject to the Emperor of Ethiopia in Zanguebar, but very fruitful and populous: it was once poffeffed by the Portuguese, but now fubject to the King of Mombofa, who calls himself Emperor of the World. Zanguebar and Zingebar, Ind. comes from Bar; i. e. The Coast of the Zinges or Nigros, who first traded there with the Arabs, about A. D. 930.

(n) Quiloa, or Kiloa; Ethiopick. A capital, rich, and pleafant City, upon a River, and in an Ifland of the fame Name, between Mofambique and Melind, on the East Shore of Africa, near Zanquebar, in Ethiopia Inferior. This Kingdom extended 250 Leagues along the Coast, till Francis de Almeyda burnt the City and made the Kingdom tributary to Portugal, A. D. 1505. But the Natives rebuilt it, and pay a yearly Tribute to the King of Portugal. They fpeak the Arabic, and are Muhammedans. The Kings of Quilea were Ma

(which

fters of Mombaza, Melinda, and other Islands thereabout. The Arabs traded first there, then the Muhammedans, and at laft the Portuguese.

(0) Melind, or Melinda; Ethiop. The Capital of a small Kingdom on the Coast of Zanguebar, between Mombaza and Pata belonging to Ethiopia Snperior,

near the Lake Calice. The Town is near the Sea, with a convenient Port: The King of it made a League with Emanuel King of Portugal, A. D. 1500. The City is very rich, and abounds with great Plenty ; their Sheep are fo fat, that the Tail of them often weighs 30 Pounds, and fome more. The King of Melinda is ferved in great State and Splendor, is a Muhammedan, as are most of his Subjects; the rest are Heathens.

(p) Sofala, Sophala, or Zophala; Ethiop. phala Ethiop. A petty Kingdom in Lower Ethiopia, between the River Magnice on the South, and the River Cuama to the North; fo called from Sofala, the Capital of it, which is fituated in a little Island upon the Ethiopick Ocean. It is fuppofed by fome to be the Ophir; (Heb. Rich; because it abounded with Gold, Pearls, Ivory, Peacocks, &c. See 2 Chron. viik 18.) to which King Solomon fent his Fleet; from the Abundance of Gold and other rich Commodities of it. There the Merchants of Arabia Felix, after

wards

wards the Muhammedans, eftablished their Religion, and fettled a great Trade there; and the Portuguese fince. Milton follows this Opinion here.

All this vaft Tract on the Sea-Coaft is called Caffaria, and the People Caffers, i. e. Infidels, who have no Religion. There being a different People within ten or twelve Miles from one another, they have continual Wars among themselves.

(9) Ophir Heb. Arab. i. e. Abounding in Riches; being a Place where the pureft Gold abounded; about which there are many Conjectures among the Learned: Or from Ophir the Son of Jaktan, the Son of Sem, who firft fett led there. There is one of that Name in Arabia, whence King David brought much old; another in the Eaft Indies, from which King Solomon and Hiram King of Tyre fetched Gold and many other valuable Commodities; which fome now take to be the Ifland of Ceylon, where there is an Haven called Hippor, and the Phenicians, Ophir; others Pegu; fome Sumatra, Japan, Taprobana, Saphala, &c.

(7) Congo; Ethiop. It is a vaft Country called by fome Lower Guinea, which has Part of Negroland on the North, Ethiopia on the East, Caffraria on the South, the Ocean and Guinea on the Weft, and lies on the Western Shore of Africa in the Lower Ethiopia; lo called from

the capital City. Others call it Manicongo, i. e. The Province of Congo. It is very fruitful, wellwatered, abounds with all Sorts of very good Fruits, Plants, Herbs, Beafts, Crocodiles, and Serpents; fome of these Serpents are fo large, that they devour a whole Stag at once. Congo is divided into fix Provinces, viz. Bamba, Songo, Sunda, Pango, Patta, and Pemba. The Inhabitants were converted to the Chriftian Faith by the Portuguese, A. D. 1490; but forfook it, because the Plurality of Wives was denied them, as Sir Walter Raleigh fays.

(s) Angela; Ethicp. The ant ent and true Name of it was Ambonde, and the People were called Ambondes; till one of their Princes, called Mani-Angola, i. e. The Governor of Angola, about three hundred and fixty years ago, with the Affiftance of the Portuguese, fubdued many petty neighbouring Kings, and made himself fole Monarch of them. He, for his mighty Acts, was called in their Language Irene, i. e. The Great; and from his Name this Kingdom was called Angola. This Kingdom is fituated between Malaman on the South, Malemba on the East, and Proper Congo on the Weft, near the Line; is well-watered, very fruitful, and populous; fo that the King can raife an Army of an hundred thousand Men. The People on the Sea Coast are Chriftians, but thofe in the in

land

land Regions are Heathens. (1) Niger, or Nigir; Lat. i. e. Black; because it runs through a Soil all covered with Duft, that is black and scorched with the Sun. It is the greatest River on that Side of Africa, rifing out of a Lake of the fame Name in the Country of Medra, of Up. per Ethiopia, divides Nigritia (Lat. i. e. The Land of the Black) into two Parts, East and West, makes a Lake called Borno, paffes by Congo, there it makes another Lake called Guarda; and after a Course of seven hundred and fifty German Miles Weftward, falls into the Atlantic Ocean by fix great Streams, near Cape Verd. It overflows its Banks, as the Nile and many other Rivers do, for eight Days in the Month of June, and from the fame na. tural Cause. The People of Nigritia are called Pagans.

(u) Almanfor, rather Almanzor ; Arab. i. e. The Victor; as Seleucus King of Syria was ftiled Nicator; Gr. i. e. A Victor. Jofeph Almanzor I. was King of Morocco, who invaded Spain with fixty thousand Horse, and an hundred thousand Foot, A. D. 158. He ufurped the Territories of the Spanish Moors, who invited him over, was beaten by the Chriftians, and flain with an Arrow at the Siege of Santaren in Portugal.

(x) Fez, rather Fefs and Feffa; Arab. i. e. Sprinkled with Duft :

fpread out or large: Or from Phaz or Paz, Heb. i. e. Fine Gold; becaufe Gold abounded thereabout. A large wide Kingdom on the Weft of Barbary, baving the Mediterranean Sea on the North, the Atlantic Ocean on the Welt, the River Mulvia on the Eaft, Mount Arlas and the River Ommirati on the South, which part it from Morocco. The Country is mountainous and defart; but in fome Places it produces all Manner of Grain, Almonds, Figs, very large Grapes, Cattle, Leopards, the best Hories in all Barbary, and the fierceft Lions in all Africa. It belongs to the Emperor of Morocco, is divided into feven Provinces, and is fo called from Fez the Capital City, which was fo called from Phuts or Phut, the Son of Ham: For there is the River Phthuth near a River of the fame Name, and another called Sebon. It is about twelve Miles round, and contains many Gardens, Palaces, Mofques, and about three hundred thousand People; of whom there are a bout five thousand Jews, and many rich Merchants. The chief Mofque in Fex is a Mile and an half in Compafs, the Roof is an hundred and fifty Yards long and eighty broad; it hath thisty large Gates, and above three hundred Cisterns to wash in. By other Writers this Country is called Lybia.

and

(1) Sufa; from Sus, the principal City, and a River of the fame Name; Arab. i. e. A Lilly. Another Kingdom, of Morocco, containing leven Provinces, not well known as yet. It hath Morocco on the North, the Kingdom of Tafilet on the Eaft, the Atlantic Ocean on the West, and is not far from Mount Atlas.

(x) Algiers, Arab. i. e. The Ifland; on account of a small Inland oppofite to the Mole. The largeft Kingdom in Barbary, about 6000 Miles from Eaft to Welt, and 250 from North to South, upon the Mediterranean Sea, over-against Minorca, and 100 Miles from Sallee. It was the Capital of Mauritania, in the Days of King Juba, and has been fubject to the Romans, Gotbs, Arabians, &c. The prefent Inhabitants are Moors, who fettled there after their Expulfion out of Spain, A. D. 1492. It is now very rich, and the moft noted Pirates in Africa abound there. The Engli burnt their Ships in 1655 and 1670. The French bombarded their City in 1688. The City is one of the fineft, largeft, ftrongeft, richeft, and moft populous in all Africa; The City is a League about. The Africans call it Muzgunna, from the Bene Muzgunna, i. e. The Sons of Muzgunna, who firft founded

TEZUME

it, long before the Romans: The Arabs call it Al-Jezirat; the Moors, Izeir; the Turks, Jezair; and the Europeans, Algier, Algiers, Algier, &c. It lies in a spacious Bay close by the Sea, at the Bottom of a fteep Hill. The Mole was begun by Heyradin Barbaroffa, i. e. Red-Beard, a Pirate, A. D. 1531.

(a) Tremifen, Tremizen, Tremien, properly Flemizen; Arab. The Arabs call it Marfa, i. e. A Port; and Al-kibir, i. e. The Great; being the Portus magnus of the Ancients; the fineft, fafeft, and largest Harbour in all Africa; but now it is a poor Remnant of a vaft Kingdom. A Kingdom of Barbary, Weft of Algiers, about 300 Miles from Tremiffa, the Capital City, which is very large, populous, and noble. It hath Fez on the Weft, Tunis on the Eaft, and the Mediterranean Sea on the North. The Romans called it Cæfarea Mauritania. Some fay this City was the Royal Seat of King Juba, and called Julia. This Kingdom is about 380 Miles long, but not above 25 Miles broad.

(b) Mexico; American, i. e. A Spring or Fountain, which rifes out of a little Hill, called Chapultepes, three Miles from the City, but conveyed in two Pipes upon Arches of Stone and